It is recommended to eat some pumpkins, oatmeal and so on. But be clear, no matter how good it is, it is suitable for diabetics, and don't overdo it. Fruit contains about 6-20% carbohydrates, low watermelon content and high banana content, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and pectin. Fruit contains more fructose and glucose, so people with severe diabetes should not eat too much fruit. In order to supplement the nutrients needed by the human body, you can eat a small amount of fruit, usually about100g a day, but you should pay attention to the changes of blood sugar and urine sugar.
If urine sugar rises after eating fruit, you should reduce staple food to avoid rising blood sugar. In order to prevent complications such as arteriosclerosis and constipation, we should diversify our diet to meet the needs of human health and longevity. Lean meat can also be eaten, two or three times a week, with more than two pieces each time. Porridge is easy to raise blood sugar, so it is best not to eat it. Bitter gourd, kudingcha and Gynostemma pentaphyllum have auxiliary effects on treating diabetes, so they can be eaten frequently.
(1) The foods that should not be eaten are:
I. Foods that can easily raise blood sugar rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, toffee, fruit candy, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, cookies, cakes, sweet bread and sweets made of sugar.
Ii. Foods that are easy to raise blood lipids: butter, sheep oil, lard, butter, cream and fat. For foods rich in cholesterol, special attention should be paid to using them less or not to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
Iii. it is not advisable to drink alcohol. Because the alcohol contained in the wine contains no other nutrients, it only provides heat energy, and each gram of alcohol produces about 7 kilocalories (294 joules), which is harmful to the liver and easy to cause the increase of serum triglycerides. A few patients who take sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to palpitation, shortness of breath and blushing after drinking. Note that patients who use insulin drink alcohol on an empty stomach easily lead to hypoglycemia. For the safety of patients, it is best not to drink alcohol.
② Suitable food:
Mainly foods that can delay the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid.
Ⅰ. Soybean and its products: These foods are rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins. There are more unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, which can reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and the sitosterol contained in them also has lipid-lowering effect.
II. Miscellaneous grains: such as naked oats powder, buckwheat powder, hot cereal, corn flour, etc. contain various trace elements, vitamin B and dietary fiber. Experiments show that they can delay the rise of blood sugar. Corn flour, soybean flour and white flour can be made into steamed bread, pancakes and noodles in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. Long-term consumption not only helps to lower blood sugar and fat, but also reduces hunger.
(6) People with diabetes should eat less or not eat fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, mainly glucose, sucrose and starch. Rapid digestion and absorption after eating will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar, which is not good for diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients generally should not eat more fruits. But because fruit contains more pectin, pectin can delay the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when your condition is stable.
Choose the principle of low sugar when eating fruit. At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its heat energy. Convert it into staple food, reduce or deduct the amount of staple food, and keep the total calories unchanged. Fruit should not be eaten at every meal, and it is generally considered that it is more appropriate to eat a small amount between meals (when blood sugar drops). There is a nutrient composition table, which should be selected according to the condition.
(7) Diabetic patients should also limit the cholesterol content in their diet. When the condition of diabetic patients is not well controlled, it is easy to increase serum cholesterol, which will lead to diabetic vascular complications and coronary heart disease. Therefore, the intake of cholesterol should be limited in the diet of diabetic patients, and it is generally advocated that the limit of cholesterol should be below 300 mg per day. Therefore, fat meat and animal viscera, such as heart, liver, kidney and brain, should not be used or used sparingly in clinic, because these foods are rich in cholesterol. Eat lean meat, fish and shrimp, etc. , is a kind of food with high protein and low fat.
2. Have a certain amount of exercise every day. You can start exercising half an hour after dinner, but don't overdo it. Physical exercise is not suitable for strenuous exercise. The standard is slight perspiration. Therefore, it is appropriate to walk 1-2 hours every day.
3, diabetes, also known as the God of Wealth disease, patients are not prone to excessive fatigue, we must pay attention to rest and ensure adequate sleep. Sleep regularly. It is recommended to go to bed at 9 pm and get up at 7 am.
4, diabetes is prone to complications, especially cardiovascular, eye, limb complications, so choose the right shoes, pay attention to the warmth of the feet, choose pure wool and cotton socks that are breathable and sweat-absorbent, and try not to walk barefoot indoors and outdoors. Wash your feet with mild soap every day, the water temperature should not exceed the body surface temperature, and the foot soaking time should not exceed 5 minutes. Pay special attention to cleaning the skin between your toes and gently dry it with a soft towel after washing. Use warm water for bathing, and the temperature should not be too high. Pay attention to prevent limb injuries.
5. Bring your own blood glucose meter to measure blood glucose regularly every day; Take or inject hypoglycemic drugs every day 15- use it 20 minutes before meals, or use it on time when the measured blood sugar level exceeds the standard; According to statistics, the blood sugar level of diabetic patients reaches the highest around 1 1 every morning, so it is particularly important for diabetic patients to control and lower their blood sugar during this period.
6. Go to a regular hospital to find a doctor to diagnose and prescribe medicine. Don't believe in advertisements or the propaganda of charlatans, and buy medicines indiscriminately; When using hypoglycemic drugs according to the doctor's advice or instructions, the dosage should not be reduced at will to avoid excessive use and lead to hypoglycemia.
7. There are always some sweets and biscuits in your pocket. If you have hypoglycemia symptoms such as dizziness when you go out or after using hypoglycemic drugs, you must eat some food or sugar cakes immediately, or drink a cup of sugar water. Sugar cakes and sugar water can only be eaten during hypoglycemia, but not at ordinary times.
8. Diabetes is a chronic disease that needs long-term treatment. Therefore, patients should correctly understand, abandon ideological baggage and maintain physical and mental happiness. Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis are common complications of diabetes. In order to prevent and treat these complications, it is necessary to choose and use fat reasonably. The first is the amount of fat required in daily diet, and the energy provided by fat in diet should account for 25% ~ 30% of the total energy.
In the choice of fat, the principle is to limit the intake of saturated fatty acids. Foods rich in saturated fatty acids such as fat, beef and mutton, lard, cream and other animal fats should be used as little as possible or not. Vegetable oils such as soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil and coconut oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids can be properly selected for consumption. In addition, peanuts, walnuts, pine nuts, hazelnuts and other fat content is not low, it is best to eat less or not. In order to reduce the intake of unnecessary fat, it is suggested to use cooking methods such as steaming, boiling, stewing, mixing, marinating and cooking with less oil, and less cooking methods such as frying and frying.
Cholesterol is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, and it is generally advocated that the daily intake should be less than 300 mg. For patients with hypercholesterolemia, it is best to control the daily intake of cholesterol below 200 mg. Diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia should try to eat less or not to eat high cholesterol food.
The protein supply of diabetic patients is similar to that of normal people, and the daily supply of adults is 1g/kg. It is claimed that the energy provided by protein accounts for 10% ~ 20% of the total energy, of which animal protein accounts for 1/2 ~ 1/3. Protein required by diabetic patients mainly comes from animal food and some plant food. The former mainly includes seafood such as milk, eggs, lean beef, lean mutton, lean pork, poultry and fish and shrimp. Plant protein mainly comes from soybeans rich in soybean protein and its products, such as tofu, dried tofu, soybean milk, bean curd brain and various rice and noodles containing cereal protein. Vitamins and inorganic salts are indispensable nutrients for regulating physiological functions. Patients with poor disease control are prone to infection or ketoacidosis, so attention should be paid to the supplement of vitamins and inorganic salts. Supplementing B vitamins, including vitamin b 12, can improve neurological symptoms. Coarse grains, dried beans, fat, eggs and vegetables contain more B vitamins, and vitamin E can prevent microangiopathy. Dietary fiber is a complex carbohydrate, which exists in food and cannot be digested and absorbed by human body. It can prevent constipation and colon cancer, and also reduce plasma cholesterol. Dietary fiber can delay the absorption of sugar, lower blood sugar and improve glucose tolerance, so it is advocated to increase the amount of dietary fiber in diabetic diet. It is suggested that diabetics eat more foods rich in dietary fiber, such as vegetables, coarse grains and miscellaneous grains. Generally speaking, it is best for diabetic patients to ensure that their daily intake of dietary fiber is 25 ~ 30 grams.
Avoid sweets, fried food, melon seeds, peanuts and animal offal.
1. Avoid high-sugar foods, such as sweets and sweets.
2. Reduce fat intake. Besides limiting animal fat, the daily edible oil should be below 20g.
3. Avoid greasy and fatty foods, such as fried food, melon seeds and peanuts.
4. Avoid foods with high cholesterol, such as animal offal.
5. Choose high-fiber foods, such as coarse grains and vegetables with high fiber content.
6. Eat regularly and quantitatively, just a small amount.
7. Ensure that the intake of protein is basically the same as that of normal people, 1.2g/kg body weight, but not too much.
8. Encourage drinking more water. In the case of good blood sugar control, you can eat a small amount of fruit between meals to reduce the corresponding staple food intake.