Mushroom (scientific name: Agaricus campestris) is composed of two parts, mycelium and substrate, the mycelium is the nutritive organ and substrate is the reproductive organ. Mushrooms are different from plants in that plants can photosynthesize while mushrooms cannot. Mushrooms are fungi, which can be further categorized into macrofungi and microfungi (including epiphytic fungi). Mushrooms have as many as 36,000 species that sprout from mature spores into mycelium. Mycelium is multicellular, transverse septate, elongated by apical growth, white, elongated, woolly, and gradually becoming filamentous. The mycelia are interspersed with each other to form a dense group called mycelium. After the mycelium decays, the dense brown culture material becomes light brown. The mushroom's substrate resembles a small open umbrella at maturity. It consists of a cap, a stalk, a gill, a ring, and a pseudomycorrhiza. Most mushrooms can be used as food and medicine, but poisonous mushrooms can be harmful to human health and in severe cases life-threatening. Mushrooms are divided into about 1 domain, 2 boundaries, 5 phylums, 12 phylums, 14 subphylums, 800 orders, 1400 families and 8500 genera or so, *** counting about 36,000 species.
Main values
Medicinal value
Pharmacological effects I: Antibacterial effects
The culture solution of mushroom (28-30 ℃ culture for 22 days) can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, typhoid fever bacillus and Escherichia coli, this solution is non-toxic to guinea pigs, and there is no side effect on human beings who orally ingested 250 milliliters of it.
The pressed juice of AgaricusnebularisBatsch. can also inhibit Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pharmacological Actions II: Other Actions
The extract (extracted with ethanol for 24 hours, the filtrate mixed with acetone to precipitate, and its supernatant is then extracted with ethanol and dried in a vacuum) has the effect of lowering blood sugar. A non-specific phytohemagglutinin has been isolated from the mushroom.
Pharmacological effects of three: therapeutic effects
Agaricus bisporus extracted phytohemagglutinin has anti-tumor activity, 0.25mg dose cast with Hirschsprung's tumor S180 mice, 3 weeks after the inhibition of tumor rate of 39%. Mushroom aqueous extract can significantly increase the number of T cells, can be used as T lymphocyte promoter, stimulate antibody formation, improve the body's immune function, and have a promotional effect on the body's non-specific immunity. The extract contains 45% polysaccharide and 18% protein components. Another extract, A, has immune-enhancing activity, causing mice peritoneal macrophages to aggregate and enhancing the response of vacuole-forming cells. A polysaccharide extracted from Agaricus tetrasporus was also reported to have high anti-complement activity. The ethanol extract of Mushroom Agaricus bisporus can cause mutation of Salmonella typhimurium, especially on the TA104 effect is significant.Ames test showed that Mushroom Agaricus bisporus contains mushroom ammonia acid, TA1537.TA97 has mutagenic activity, alkaline conditions can enhance its mutagenic activity.
Hyperthermia, word meaning higher temperature. The specific values referred to in different cases are different, for example, in some technical terms refers to a few thousand degrees Celsius or more; the daily maximum temperature reaches 35 ℃ or more, is hot weather. Hot weather can have a serious impact on human health, transportation, water and electricity.
Low temperature, commonly known as cold, according to China's meteorological department, where the local 24h cooling of more than 10 ℃ or 48h cooling of more than 12 ℃, and the lowest temperature fell below 5 ℃ below the strong cold air is called cold wave. Low-temperature operation refers to the operation in which the average temperature of the workplace is equal to or lower than 5℃ in the process of production and labor. According to the temperature of the workplace and the rate of low temperature operation time, can be divided into 4 levels of low temperature operations, the higher the level of cold intensity.
The difference between high-temperature mushrooms and low-temperature Ru lies in the adaptation to different temperatures. Because high temperature mushrooms adapt to the high temperature, can grow in the place of higher temperature, and low temperature Ru adapt to the low temperature, can grow in the place of lower temperature. So the difference between the high temperature mushrooms and the low temperature Ru is that they are adapted to different temperatures.