Shantou area is located in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, with geographical coordinates from 115°05′26″ to 117°19′35″ east longitude and 22°53′18″ to 24°14′10″ north latitude. Between them, the Tropic of Cancer crosses the central part of the district; it is 161 kilometers long from east to west and 148.3 wide from north to south. It borders Zhao'an and Pinghe counties in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province to the northeast, and Fengshun and Dabu counties in Meixian region of Fujian Province to the northwest. It borders Wuhua County in the Meixian area to the west and Lufeng County in the Huiyang area, and borders the South China Sea to the southeast. Shantou has a long and winding coastline with many natural and good harbors. The landside part of the coastline starts from Shangdong Township in Dachengwan, Raoping County in the east and ends in Huaqing Village in Qishi District, Huilai County in the west. It is 265.6 kilometers long. Including the 123.7 kilometers of the island coastline, the total length is 389.3 kilometers. There are 74 archipelagos, large and small, distributed in the coastal waters, the largest of which is Hainan'ao Island, covering an area of ??about 103 square kilometers.
The total area of ??the region is 10,346 square kilometers (15.52 million acres), of which 50.4% are mountains, 35.5% are plains, and 14.1% are coastal sandy hills and sea cliffs; there are six municipal districts within the territory and a special economic zone, as well as nine counties (cities) including Chaozhou City, Chaoyang County, Puning County, Huilai County, Jieyang County, Jiexi County, Chenghai County, Raoping County, and Nan'ao County. The total population of the region, 1986 It reaches 9.3069 million people, with an average population density of 895 people per square kilometer, which is 8 times the national population density and 27 times the world’s population density. The county with the highest population is Chenghai, with 1,672 people per square kilometer.
This area is bordered by Xiyan Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, and Dabei Mountain to the north, and the South China Sea to the south. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Most of the territory is hills and plateaus. The Rongjiang River and Lianjiang River in the east have large waters and small river beds. Together with the Hanjiang River Delta, they form the Chaoshan Plain. The landform types from land to sea are low mountains, hills, terraces, plains, and beaches.
This area is located in a low-latitude coastal area with a south subtropical oceanic climate, rich in heat, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, and a long frost-free period. The climate throughout the year is affected by the monsoon. In winter, there is a northerly wind blowing from the continent to the ocean, and the weather is relatively cold and dry. In summer, it is controlled by the southeast monsoon from the tropical ocean and the southwest monsoon from the equatorial ocean. There are few northerly winds and There is a lot of rain and the temperature is high. Since this area has the natural barrier of the Lianhua Mountains at its back and the vast South China Sea in front, the oceanic airflow has a greater regulatory influence than the continental airflow. Therefore, the climate is relatively mild and humid all year round, with warm winters and cold spells and no hot summers. It is a hot summer, with the average temperature all year round being 21~22℃, the highest temperature being 36~40℃, and the lowest temperature being -3.0~3.0℃. The average temperature in July is the highest in the year, ranging from 27.5 to 28.5°C; the average temperature in January is the lowest, ranging from 12.5 to 14.5°C. The average annual sunshine hours are 1,800 to 2,300 hours. Generally speaking, there are more sunshine hours in coastal areas and less in inland areas. The average annual rainfall in the entire region is 1,300 to 2,200 mm. The rainfall is characterized by frequent frontal rains in spring and summer, and typhoons and rains in summer and autumn. From late March to late September of the year, due to the influence of monsoons and typhoons, the rainfall is the highest, about 1100-1900 mm, accounting for 80-90% of the annual rainfall.
In the geology of this area, the Yanshanian granite is the most widely exposed rock layer, followed by Quaternary alluvium, and some are Mesozoic sand shale. Granite is mostly distributed in the mountains and hills in the east, west and north. In addition, there is sand shale in some northern areas; the central and coastal plain areas are dominated by alluvium. The soil area of ??the whole region is 11.7863 million acres, and the soil types are complex and diverse. Among them, red soil is the main one, covering an area of ??about 6.5 million acres, followed by yellow soil, red soil, alluvial soil, paddy soil, saline soil, etc. Because it is located in the hot and rainy southern subtropical zone, the soil is exposed to a lot of rain, and the loss of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal elements in the soil is relatively high, making the soil generally acidic.
This area belongs to the south subtropical evergreen monsoon forest area, and the natural vegetation is mainly secondary types.
1. Types of medicinal plant resources
Based on years of surveys and specimen collection, it was identified that there are 228 families, 903 genera, and 1,599 species of medicinal plants in Shantou area. 73 varieties, 5 subspecies, 1 variant.
(Table 1.)
According to estimates, the reserve of wild Chinese medicinal materials in the region is about 7 million kilograms, including twelve varieties such as Gangmei, Gouji, Guanzhong, Pale Bamboo Leaf, and Trachelospermia. The reserves of each type are more than 100,000 kilograms. Some wild species are distributed throughout the city and have large reserves, such as Gangmei, Haijinsha, Golden Cherry, Mountain Sesame, Mountain Angelica, Pheasant Spathula, Dog Ridge, Guanzhong, Calabash Tea, Five-finger Mandarin, San Ye Guicao, Liao Ge Wang, etc.
Some wild species are only distributed in a few places, with small areas and large quantities, such as Platycodon grandiflorum, Lulu reed, chicken bone incense, Ligustrum lucidum, gallbladder javanica, sensosa, etc.
According to surveys, there are some rare wild medicinal species in the area. For example, Nan'ao County's bulrushes, Raoping County's southeastern lobelia, Chaozhou's Coptidis chinensis, Raoping County's sorrel and heterochromatic sanguinea, Jiexi's Ganbutong, Jieyang's Geranium purpurea, Black Purple Asarum (locally used as Asarum), black purple hellebore from Chaozhou, Puning and Jieyang, bristle-white hellebore (Eleutheropsis elegans) from Jiexi and Chaozhou City, Tianzicao (Paddy field of Marchanaceae) from Raoping County White, distributed in Danan Mountain in Puning County), Majiawu in Jiexi County (Vernonia vernonia of the Asteraceae family, found both wild and domestically in Jiexi Liangtian area), etc.
2. Overview of the distribution of medicinal plants
Our area is located at a lower latitude, with higher average annual temperature, abundant rainfall, high humidity and other superior natural conditions. Therefore, it is The vegetation structure shows the characteristics of rich species and complex components (vegetation refers to the total number of plants growing in a certain area). Different plants grow in different vegetation types.
(1) Secondary forest
Secondary forest refers to the forest that developed due to people's protection after the original forest was destroyed. The northern part of Raoping County, the northern part of Chaozhou City, the northwest of Jieyang County, most of Jiexi County and the western part of Puning County and other mountainous areas in our district basically belong to this type. Medicinal plant resources are quite abundant in this type of area. Trees such as liquidambar, white-leafed tree, white osmanthus, goosefoot wood, quaternary wood, paper, black medicine, rosewood, etc.; shrubs include plum-leaf holly, hairy holly, rhododendron, and lily; vines Common species include: Niu Dali, Akebia, Dinggong Vine, Creeping Jiujie, Small Fruit Rose, Uncaria, Clematis and other species. Grass corals, pearl sand roots, tiger tongues, light bamboo leaves and other species can often be found in the forest; in some dense forests with better moisture conditions, you can also find stone fairy peach and tail flower asarum. At the same time, in the above-mentioned environment, a variety of parasitic plants, such as mulberries, grow on many tree trunks.
(2) Hilly shrubs
This is the vegetation that grows and reproduces after the original forests in the hilly areas have been cut down. Most plant species like light and are relatively drought tolerant. Most of them are shrubs and vines. The semi-mountainous areas in our district, such as central Raoping County, central Chaozhou City, central Jieyang County, central Jiexi County, northeastern and central Puning County, northern Huilai County, and northwest Chaoyang County, basically belong to this type. Among the medicinal plants, such as rhododendron and holly, holly plum leaf (star tree), gardenia, alum, myrtle, leopard, croton, abacus, salt bark, amla, Yellow oxwood, Jiujie, jade-leaf golden flower, tricuspidus, ragwood, ox-eared maple, wormwood, bamboo-leaf pepper, mountain sesame, Tianxianglu (jinjinxiang), and ghost needle grass are all plants with wide distribution and high yield. Vines such as mountain silver flowers, golden cherry, sour fruit vine, iron-clad gold, smilax, sarsaparilla, and creeping vines are also common.
(3) Barren hills and grass slopes
Barren hills and grass slopes are a vegetation type that is widely distributed in mountains and hills in our area. It is a vegetation dominated by herbaceous plants formed after the original forest was severely damaged. There are sparse trees and dense evergreen and semi-evergreen shrubs scattered among them. Due to different water conditions, plant species are also different in the high and low places of barren mountain grass slopes. On the top of the mountain or on the high slopes, you can see osmanthus, South China gentian, daze orchid, Xu Changqing, etc. On the grassy slopes of lower barren mountains, the common ones are: Didan grass, Dimin, Ding Gui grass, corneye grass, Striga, money grass, Jinjinxiang, hairy gerbera, pigtail grass, wild chrysanthemum, chicken intestine, Goldenrod, thistle, rabbit's ear wind, cogongrass, etc. Plants such as holly, mountain sesame, money grass, black face god, wild peony, chicken bone incense, gourd tea and other plants can often be found in scattered shrubs. The creeping vines or vine-like shrubs include: jade-leaf golden flower, white-eyed vine, clematis, clematis, strawberry, golden cherry and other types.
(4) Plain fields
Our district covers the southern part of Raoping County, the southern part of Chaozhou City, the southeastern part of Jieyang County, the southeastern part of Jiexi County, the southeastern part of Puning County, and the southern part of Huilai County , most of Chaoyang County, Chenghai County, the suburbs of Shantou City and other plain fields. A large number of medicinal plants grow on the edges of villages, roadsides, riverbanks, fields and wastelands in these areas. Since these places are greatly affected by human activities, they are often dominated by small shrubs and herbs. Among them, the small shrubs are: Huang Hua Nin, Brahma Flower, Echinacea, Mopanweed, Abacus, Hairy Abacus, Black-faced God, Brother King, Lantana, White Bougainvillea, Daqing, Maoberry, Stinky Peony , Majiazi, etc.; vines and vine-like shrubs include Jade Leaf Golden Flower, Iron-coated Gold, Dung Jidu, Chicken Shit Vine, Trachelospermum, etc.; herbal species include: Achyranthes bidentata, Brassica oleracea, Achyranthes sinensis, Hibiscus chinensis, Schizonepeta odorifera, etc. , wild licorice, verbena, bellflower, amaranth, salted shrimp, parsnips, motherwort, spiny amaranth, ground fungus, plantain, a little red, coriander, centella asiatica, diffusa, Snake intestine, geese do not eat grass (coriander), phyllophthora, lobelia, calla, sorrel, flying grass, shepherd's purse, cyperus, celery, etc. Many hygrophytic plants often grow on ditches, stream banks and lakeside wetlands, such as: Saururus chinensis, river vine, big-leaved stone dragon tail, water loosestrife, grass dragon, water dragon, round-leaf knotweed, water dragon. Polygonum, Fotania, Commelina, etc.
(5) Ponds and swamps
Common medicinal plants in ponds and swamps include: lotus, gorgon, algae, water hyacinth, duckweed, purple duckweed, etc.
(6) Beaches
Beaches are often soaked by sea water, and the soil is mostly mudflats or sandy beaches with high salt content. Plants that are adapted to grow in this environment, common ones include: sea lily, bamboo tree, candel, red nightshade, Xulang tree, single-leaf vitex, acanthus, two-leaf sweet potato (thick vine), pittosporum, Tribulus terrestris, bittern Chrysanthemum, manjusri, aloe vera, etc.
(7) Ocean
Our region has nearly 400 kilometers of coastline, and there are many medicinal algae plants distributed in the ocean. Such as oysters, Ulva lobata, flat iron weeds, goosegrass, kelp, wakame, hijiki, half-leaf Sargassum, disc Sargassum, cylindrical Sargassum, stolid Sargassum, lobed Sargassum , wrinkled seaweed, long seaweed, altar seaweed, round seaweed, seaweed, antler seaweed, centipede algae, tongue-shaped centipede algae, river fence, Qiongzhi, beautiful tongue algae.
3. Current status of development and utilization of medicinal plant resources
The vast number of people in this region have long been using Chinese herbal medicine to treat diseases. As for the production, purchase and sale of Chinese herbal medicines, before liberation, only private traders purchased a small amount of wild medicinal materials based on market needs. As for the production of medicinal materials, there was basically no one operating them. After liberation, the production and purchase of Chinese herbal medicines gradually developed. After 1958, various regions actively carried out experiments on transgenic wild species and the introduction of northern medicinal herbs southward. 28 varieties including Codonopsis pilosula, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Rehmannia glutinosa, Chinese yam, Amomum villosum, Northern Adenophora, Achyranthes bidentata and Alisma were successfully introduced. A number of pharmaceutical farms were gradually established, and production developed rapidly. In the highest year in the history of the district (1978, including Haifeng and Lufeng), the area of ??medicinal materials grown by households reached 41,457 acres, including 5,098 acres of Rehmannia glutinosa, 3,751 acres of Codonopsis pilosula, 3,180 acres of Chuanxiong, 1,404 acres of yam, 1,627 acres of gardenia, and 1,360 acres of amomum villosum. During the production process, experience is constantly summarized. For example, the two methods of refrigerated cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula in summer, spring Amomum villosum fresh fruit seedling cultivation and artificial pollination have greatly improved the yield and quality. The highest acquisition year in the history of Chinese medicinal materials acquisition (1977, including Haifeng and Lufeng) *** purchased 286 varieties of medicinal materials, a quantity of 6,761 tons, and an amount of 9.575 million yuan. Among them, 3,061 tons were domestically grown, worth 6.292 million yuan; 3,700 tons were wild, worth 3.283 million yuan. After 1980, it also exported about 200 tons of medicinal materials every year, worth more than 1 million yuan.
In developing the production of medicinal materials, attention should be paid to the scientific research and testing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, such as artificial incense of agarwood, seed retention of Ligusticum chuanxiong, sexual reproduction of Rehmannia glutinosa, cultivation of honeysuckle, Morinda citrifolia and gardenia, spring sand Artificial pollination, etc. At present, more than 40 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine have been introduced in this area. (Table 2)
IV. Several issues that should be paid attention to in the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources
Currently, there are still many problems in the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources in our region. question. The main ones are: (1) Failure to fully develop, utilize and protect traditional Chinese medicine resources: local resources are not fully utilized, and during development and utilization, resource protection is not done well.
There are few publicity and conservation resources. In addition, man-made land reclamation, sea reclamation and deforestation in history have destroyed the balance of the ecological environment. As a result, resources are becoming less and less, and some are on the verge of exhaustion. (2) Wrong harvesting and wrong use of easily confused varieties: The sources of Chinese medicinal materials are complex and local habits are different, so many cases of wrong harvesting and wrong use have occurred. For example: buy the Mopanweed of the Malvaceae family as Caryophyllaceae, buy the parsnip of the Lamiaceae family as the dandelion of the Asteraceae family, buy the scissors of the Asteraceae family as dandelion, buy the Asteraceae family of scissors. Gerbera tomentosa is used as a white plant of Aspergillus family, and Perrin of Asteraceae family is purchased as Zearantha of labialis. Therefore, efforts should be made to overcome the above existing problems.
(1) Strengthen the protection and management of resources
According to surveys, some wild species in Shantou area have large reserves of water and are decreasing year by year, such as honeysuckle, uncaria, black tiger, etc. Some are on the verge of extinction, such as Dinggong Vine, Desmodium Desmodium, Selaginella cypress, Locustula sibirica, Caddisfly, etc. The first reason is that there are few high mountains and deep valleys in this area and the natural reserves are small. The other reason is that the natural vegetation is seriously damaged by man-made activities and the ecological balance is imbalanced, which affects the regeneration of resources. Coupled with long-term mining, the resources are reduced year by year. Therefore, we must conscientiously implement the national policy on protecting wild plant resources, "strengthen protection, combine harvesting and breeding, actively develop, and rationally utilize".
When developing and utilizing traditional Chinese medicine resources, attention must be paid to protecting the resources, and protection is for better utilization. In the past, when purchasing wild medicinal materials, manufacturers often purchased large quantities when the market prices were high, resulting in indiscriminate mining and excavation, causing the destruction of some varieties of resources. In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the protection and management of resources must be strengthened. First of all, we must use various forms to widely publicize the importance of protecting traditional Chinese medicine resources, so that it becomes a household name and everyone consciously protects traditional Chinese medicine resources. At the same time, the administrative departments should formulate and promulgate some policies and laws to protect the source of medicines, so as to ensure clear rewards and punishments. Secondly, the pharmaceutical authorities must formulate acquisition plans based on resource reserves and medicinal needs; acquisition and purchasing departments must strictly purchase according to the plan, and must not purchase indiscriminately just because the sales are good and the price is high.
(2) Actively develop the production of Chinese medicinal materials
1. Develop the production of Chinese medicinal materials according to local conditions, combined with agricultural and forestry development zoning
Each region should take into account the topography, climate, It is based on soil conditions and the ecological and biological characteristics of various medicinal materials. At the same time, local socioeconomic conditions and the history and current situation of Chinese herbal medicine production should be considered, combined with agricultural and forestry zoning, to scientifically divide suitable areas for Chinese herbal medicine production, so as to combine pesticides and forest medicines, make overall arrangements according to local conditions, and develop Chinese herbal medicine production. . ① The mountainous area is a production area for traditional Chinese medicinal materials that mainly develops woody medicinal materials and Morinda citrifolia, Amomum villosum, Pleurotus chinensis, honeysuckle, Poria cocos, etc. ②The Banshan District is a production area for traditional Chinese medicinal materials, mainly including honeysuckle, gardenia, aurantium aurantium, enema and desmodium. ③The coastal plain is the development area for the production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as Codonopsis pilosula, Chuanxiong rhizome, Rehmannia glutinosa, chrysanthemum and Adenophora miltiorrhiza. The coastal embankment is a good place to develop vitex production. The vast territory is a natural and excellent place for the development of marine medicinal materials.
2. Consolidate and develop domestic varieties, expand the production of traditional Chinese medicines, and carry out experiments to convert wild into domestic varieties
There are more than 40 domestic varieties of medicinal materials in our district. , such as white wood, magnolia bark, gardenia, cork, benzoin, cinnamon, aurantium aurantium, Morinda citrifolia, amomum villosum, puzzle, honeysuckle, etc. should be consolidated and developed in a planned way. In addition to domestic sales, Codonopsis, Chuanxiong, Rehmannia glutinosa and chrysanthemum are exported in large quantities every year. The output and quality per unit area should also be consolidated and continuously improved to win in the market competition with high quality and low price. Andrographis paniculata and yellow grass are raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and production should be arranged as needed. Desmodium grandiflorum is a raw material in short supply in the pharmaceutical industry. It has been successfully grown in Raoping County and should be developed rapidly in the future. It is also necessary to properly arrange planting and retain seedlings for overstocked products to ensure the development of production needs when the market changes. In addition, wild medicinal material resources in this area are becoming less and less. In order to meet the needs of medicinal purposes, wild plants must be transformed into domestic species. Such as artificial cultivation of Desmodium grandiflora, Scutellaria barbata, Coptidis chinensis, Morinda citrifolia, Mountain honeysuckle, Leather reed, Ligustrum lucidum, Black purple asarum, Acanthopanax bristle, Paddy field white, Willow leaf Vernonia, Chinese Limonium, Southeast Lobelia.
3. Develop towards the sea, explore and open up new sources of medicine
This area faces the South China Sea, with a tortuous coastline of nearly 400 kilometers and a vast sea area. Bays, coastal beaches, offshore fisheries, and reefs are naturally distributed, have excellent hydrological conditions, and are rich in aquatic resources, providing favorable conditions for the development of marine medicinal materials.
Our district has a lot of land but little land, and the traditional Chinese medicine resources on land are far from meeting the needs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop towards the sea, explore and open up new medicinal sources, and vigorously carry out artificial cultivation of marine medicinal plants.
(3) Some Chinese medicinal materials that are mixed with foreign substances of the same name should be used differently
The current application of Chinese medicinal materials in Shantou area, some Chinese medicines are the same as the main varieties used in most areas of the country Same name but different things. Some of these medicinal materials have similar effects to their main varieties, but they are also different; some have different effects from their main varieties, which affects the accuracy and efficacy of medication. Some are wrongly collected and used incorrectly. In order to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of medication, this type of traditional Chinese medicine should be corrected and used differently. The main ones are listed as follows:
1. Thistle and strawberry root
Thistle should be made from the dried whole grass or roots of the Asteraceae plant Cephalanoplos segetum. Mainly, but in the past, the dried roots of Rubus parvitolius, a rose family plant, were used as medicine in Shantou area, but now the two are still used together. Check the effectiveness of the two, they are not the same.
2. Vaccaria segetalls and Mopancao
Vaccaria segetalls should be mainly dried seeds of Vaccaria segetalls, but Shantou area has always used The dried whole plant of Malvaceae Abutilon indicum is used as medicine. The effectiveness of the two is not the same.
3. Cynanchum stauntoni and Gerbera
Cynanchum stauntoni should be obtained from the dried roots of Cynchum stauntoni and Cynchum glaucescens. Gerbera and fibrous roots are mainly used, but in Shantou area, the dried rhizome and fibrous roots of the Asteraceae plant Gerbera piloselloides have always been used as white root medicine, and the two are still mixed. The effectiveness of the two is not the same. Bai Qian is also used as Bai Wei. The two functions are different.
4. Heather Vine and Ball Orchid
Heather Vine is mainly the dried stems and leaves of Photinia serrulata, a rose family plant. The dried vine leaves of Hoya carnosa are used as heather vines, but the two have different effects.
5. Pulsatilla and chinesis
Pulsatilla should be based on the dry roots of the Ranunculaceae plant Pulsatill chinesis, but the Shantou area has always been dominated by the Asteraceae plant chinesis. The dried whole plant of Gnaphalium affino is used as medicine. The two functions are different. In addition, the traditional Chinese medicine name of rat wormwood is phorbia, but in the Shantou area, Houttuynia cordata (also known as Houttuynia cordata) has always been used as phorbia in medicine, so it should be distinguished.
6. Aristolochia and lily fruit
Aristolochia should be obtained by drying Aristolochia contorta (Aristolochia contorta) and Aristolochia debilis (Aristolochia debilis). The fruits are mainly used, but the Shantou area has always used the fruits of the Liliaceae plant lily as a medicine, and the two are still mixed.
7. Acanthopanax gracilistylus and Acanthopanax gracilistylus
The Acanthopanax gracilistylus recorded in ancient herbal medicines is the root bark of the Araliaceae plant. Currently, Acanthopanax gracilistylus ) has the most applications. However, the Acanthopanax bark used in most areas across the country is the root bark of Periloca sepium, a plant of the Aspergillus family. The medicinal material is called Xiangjiapi. The Shantou area has also always used Xiangjia Pi as Aleutox bark for medicinal purposes.
8. Liujinu and Huazelan
Liujinu should be mainly dried whole grass of the Asteraceae plant Artemisia anomala, but the Shantou area has always used chrysanthemum. The dried whole plant of Eupatorium chinense (also known as Eupatorium chinense) is used as medicine. The effectiveness of the two is not the same.
9. Adzuki beans and pigeon peas
Adzuki beans should be mainly dried and mature seeds of Pnaseolus calcaratus, but in Shantou area, Pnaseolus calcaratus is the main source of adzuki beans. The dried and mature seeds of Cajanus cajan are used as adzuki beans and are used as medicine. The two functions are similar.
10. Floating wheat and wild oats
Floating wheat should be based on the floating fruits of the grass plant Triticum aestivum, but the Shantou area has always also used the grass plant wild oats. The dried whole plant of Avena fatua is also used as floating wheat, and the two are still used together. The two functions are similar.
11. Trachelospermum jasminoides
Trachelospermum jasminoides should be made from the dried canes and moraceae of the Apocynaceae plant Trachelospermum jasminoides. The stems and leaves of the sterile young branches of the plant Ficus pumila are mainly used, and the latter is commonly used in Shantou area. The two drugs have different effects.
12. Wolfsbane and Alocasia
Wolfsbane should be based on the dry roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and Euphorbia sieboldiana. , but Shantou and other parts of the province have always used the dried rhizomes of Alocasia macrorrhiza as wolfsbane medicine (also known as Guangdong wolfsbane and trace taro). The effects of the two are different.
13. Phytolacca and Heptapodia
Phytolacca should be mainly the dry roots of Phytolacca acinosa, but the Shantou area has always been dominated by the dried roots of Phytolacca acinosa. The dried roots of the plant Ipomoea digitata are used as medicine. The effectiveness of the two is not the same. There are cases where Phytolacca is pretending to be Korean, so special attention should be paid to it.
14. Dandelion and Taraxacum mongollcum
Dandelion should be mainly the dried whole plant of Taraxacum mongollcum (Compositae), but the Shantou area has always been dominated by the Asteraceae plant Taraxacum mongollcum (Taraxacum mongollcum). ), the dried whole plant is used as dandelion for medicinal purposes. The two functions are similar. Jieyang County refers to Ixeris debilis as dandelion.
15. Viola vedoensis and night-scented cow
Viola vedoensis should be grown from various plants of the genus Viola (mainly Viloa vedoensis; Plowshares The dried whole grass of Viola japoniao; Viola inconspicua) is mainly used, but in Shantou area, the dried whole grass of Vernonia cinerea has been used as medicine, and the two have similar effects. In addition, some counties in Shantou region also use the Melastoma plant Osbeckia chinensis (also known as Jinxianglu in Chaoshan) as medicine (such as Raoping County), which should also be used differently.
16. Siegesbeckia orientalis and S. pubescens
Siegesbeckia orientalis, S. pubescens and Siegesbeckia orientalis The dried whole plant of S. glabrescens is mainly used as medicine. However, in Shantou area, the dried whole plant of S. glabrescens (also known as Anisomeles indica) has always been used as medicine, while S. glabrescens is not used as medicine. acquisition. The two functions are different.
17. Albizzia Julibrissin and Sophora japonica
Albizzia Julibrissin should be mainly composed of dried flowers of Albizzia julibrissin, but in Shantou area, Albizzia julibrissin has always been the main source of Albizzia julibrissin. The dried flowers of Cassia surattensis are used as Albizia julibrissin flowers for medicinal purposes, but Albizia julibrissin flowers are not purchased for medicinal purposes. The two functions are different.