xī guā
2 English Referencewatermelon [Langdao Chinese-English Dictionary]< /p>
Citr. /p>
Citrullus vulgaris [21st Century Bilingual Dictionary of Science and Technology]
3 OverviewWatermelon is a cultivated species of watermelon in the genus Citrullus, an annual trailing herb in the family Cucurbitaceae. Scientific name Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Mansfeld (syn. C. vulgaris Schrad.). Chromosome number 2n2x22. edible watermelon ripe fruit, per 100g pulp containing 86.5 ~ 92.0g of moisture, total sugar 7.3 ~ 13.0g, and rich in mineral salts and a variety of vitamins, for the main summer fruits and vegetables. Clearing heat, heat, on the treatment of nephritis, diabetes and cystitis and other diseases have auxiliary therapeutic effect. Peel can be made of preserves, jam or as fodder; seed oil content of 50%, can be pressed oil, fried food or as a pastry ingredient. China except the Tibetan plateau are cultivated. Heilongjiang, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Xinjiang and other provinces (regions) cultivation area.
4 Watermelon aliases
cold melon [1], born white tiger soup, summer melon, watermelon
5 The origin and evolution of watermelonwatermelon originated in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa. There are two types, one fruit contains cucurbitacin and has a bitter taste; the other does not have a bitter taste, the fruit is hard and green, and is suitable for consumption. Long history of cultivation. Egypt 50006000 years ago has been planted. 1579 from China to Japan. 1597 introduced to Britain. China's cultivation of watermelon was first recorded in the "New Five Dynasties History - four barbarians appendix" (946953).
6 Botanical traits of watermelonThe main root system, the distribution of deep and wide, the main root is more than 1m deep, in the sandy loam soil direct seeding when the distribution of lateral roots up to 3m in diameter, the root group is mainly distributed in the 20-30cm of the plow layer. Roots are slender and easy to break, regeneration is weak, intolerant of transplantation, seedling stems erect, internodes shortened. 45 nodes after the elongation of the internodes, 56 true leaves after the beginning of prostrate growth. Strong branching, can form 3 to 4 levels of lateral branches. There are also clumped (short-stemmed) types with short internodes. Leaves are simple and alternate, with y divided, lobed and entire leaf varieties, inflorescence 2/5. Flowers are unisexual and axillary. Female and male flowers are dioecious, with male flowers appearing at node 35 of the main stem. 57 nodes form female flowers, which are then interspersed with male flowers. A few bisexual flowers may appear at the peak of flowering. Calyx, petals 5, corolla yellow, united at base, anthers united into 3, filaments short, dorsiventrally cleft, ovary inferior, stigma 3-lobed, 3-loculed, lateral membranous placentation. Both male and female flowers are nectariferous, insect-mediated flowers, flowers open early in the morning and close in the afternoon. Fruits are round, ovate, ellipsoid, cylindrical, etc., weighing up to 1015 kg, small 12 kg. Fruit surface is smooth or furrowed, epidermis greenish-white, green, dark green, dark green, black, with fine reticulation or stripes between. The flesh is creamy white, light yellow, dark yellow, light red, big red and other colors. The flesh is divided into tight flesh and sandy flesh. The soluble solids of the fruit flesh is 810%, and the good varieties can reach 1112%. The outermost layer of the fruit is the tightly arranged epidermis, which is covered with cuticle, followed by the exocarp composed of 810 layers of cells, followed by the mesocarp composed of a layer of colorless or green thick-walled cells, and then the placenta of thin-walled cells, bearing seeds. Seeds flattened, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, smooth or fissured, seed coat white, light brown, tan, black or brown, monochromatic or mixed colors. Seed weight per thousand grains: 100-150g for large seed types, 40-60g for medium seed types, 150-200g for sub-melon types, and only 20-25g for small subtypes.
7 Types and varieties of watermelonThere are many ways to classify watermelon, and according to the watermelon's adaptation to the climate, it is classified into five eco-types: ① Xinjiang eco-type: originating in Xinjiang, adapting to the arid continental climate, and the majority of the varieties are strong, and the large-fruited late-fruiting type has a strong growth potential. Most of the varieties have strong growth potential and are large-fruited late-maturing species with large seeds. The representative varieties are Aktauz, Quiktauz. ② North China ecotype: originating in North China, adapted to the warm semi-arid climate, strong or medium growth, medium or late maturity, large or medium fruit, soft or sandy flesh, larger seeds. Representative varieties are three white, flowers in the tiger, walnut pattern; ③ East Asia ecotype: native to the southeast coast of China and Japan. Adaptation to hot and humid climate, weak growth, early or medium maturity, small fruit, small or medium seeds. Representative varieties are Pinghu Malabar Melon, Hamagua, Asahi Daiwa, etc.. ④ Russian ecotype: originated in the Soviet Union, the Volga River and the lower reaches of the Ukrainian steppe zone, adapted to the arid areas with little rain, vigorous growth, mostly medium- and late-maturing species, brittle flesh, small seeds. The representative varieties are small red, beautiful. ⑤ U.S. ecotype: originating in the southern United States, adapted to the arid desert steppe climate, more vigorous growth, branching medium, large-fruit type of late-maturing varieties, less fruit, high sugar content. The representative varieties are gray Charleston (Cheng choose one), Jubilee and so on.
Chinese watermelon in the 50s to local varieties. Such as Shandong Dezhou lama melon, three white, Henan Kaifeng walnut grain, Jiangxi Fuzhou watermelon, Zhejiang Pinghu horse bell melon, Shanghai Hamagua, etc. After the 60's has produced early flower, Zhengzhou three, in the breeding of six, Su honey one, Zhejiang honey one, red excellent two and other new varieties, but also selected a number of triploid asexual watermelon varieties. According to the induction method, seedless watermelon is divided into hormone seedless watermelon and triploid seedless watermelon. Hormone seedless watermelon: the success rate of different varieties varies greatly, early flower, honey treasure and other varieties with high induction rate. Currently to naphthalene acetic acid (NNA) 100ppm, gibberellin (GA3) 25ppm, 2,4D (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 25ppm and pollen of the mixture of repeated treatment of the female flower stigma, so that the hormone level of young fruits, and increase the rate of results. At the same time, the naturally pollinated fruits on the plant must be removed, and spreading such as pressurizing the vine before young fruits and removing the top of the main vine must be used to control the nutrient growth. Triploid Seedless Watermelon: Due to triploid watermelon plants (common diploid parent and tetraploid parent hybridization of the seed progeny) sex cells in the division of the chromosome group is incomplete, resulting in a high degree of infertility caused by. Seedless watermelon plants have strong growth, disease resistance, high yield, and high fruit sugar content. Chinese tetraploid varieties include Tetraploid No. 1, Beijing No. 1, Beijing No. 2, 730013, Tetrahybrid 20, and Honeybush Tetraploid. Better triploid combinations include Honey Bao Seedless (Tetraploid No. 1 x Honey Bao), Saffron Seedless (Beijing No. 2 x Zhongyu No. 1), and Snow Peak Seedless. Triploid seed propagation, can be used to artificially control pollination or set up isolation areas, parents to 1:4 rows of planting, on the parent system to remove the male flower buds, natural pollination, tetraploid branching is weak, fertilizer, should be densely planted and more fertilizer, to improve seed production.
8 Growth and development and fruit formationWatermelon full life span of 100 to 120 days, can be divided into the germination period, seedling period, stretching vines and fruiting period.
Germination: from seed germination to the full spread of cotyledons and the seedling end of the true leaves (dew heart). Seed germination temperature 2535 ℃, need about 10 days. 15 ℃ below the poor germination.
Seedling stage: from "dew heart" to "group", that is, the fourth true leaves are fully developed, the seedling end of this period of time to differentiate more than 20 leaves, flower primordia and lateral branches began to differentiate. In 1520 ℃ temperature needs 2530 days.
Stretching period: from the "group tree" to the main vine to leave fruit nodes (the second female flowers open), the dry weight of the plant in this period of growth of 17.8% of the final value of the dry weight of the stem, the dry weight of the leaves, respectively, for the above ground 23.61% and 74.64%, the leaf area for the final value of the 57%, the main side of the vine length of the maximum, respectively, 63.16% and 68.93%. 63.16% and 68.93% respectively.
Fruiting period: from opening of female flowers at the nodes of retained fruit to fruit ripening. It takes about 3540 days at 2530℃. Fruit growth can be divided into: ① fruiting period. From the opening of the female flowers of the fruiting nodes to the ovary began to expand "hair" stop, at a temperature of about 26 ℃ about 45 days. ② fruit growth period. Since the "retreat" to the fruit shape, the temperature 2229 ℃ takes about 20 days, the fruit diameter growth of more than 85%, the growth of stems and leaves become slower. ③ color change period. From fruit set to maturity. Temperature 2530 ℃ need about 10 days, this time the fruit expansion has been slow, to the fruit within the material transformation and seed development.
Watermelon likes high temperature and dryness. Growth and results of the appropriate temperature of 25 ~ 30 ℃ and air relative temperature of about 60%, need sufficient sunshine, light saturation point of 80,000 lux, compensation point of 4,000 lux on the sunlight intensity response sensitive.
9 watermelon cultivation technologyNorth and central China, watermelon to summer cultivation, there are a few fall cultivation, in the southern region can be cultivated 23 seasons a year.
Summer cultivation, open field sowing should be in the soil temperature stabilized at 15 ℃ or more; the appropriate age of seedlings in the nursery for 3035 days, 1520 days before the final frost sowing. Suitable for sandy loam. Drylands need to implement 67 years of crop rotation, paddy fields 34 years of crop rotation. Melon bed way, the north more with a small flat bed sowing (or planting), large bed climbing vine seating melon; the south for the raised bed, easy drainage. Watermelon planting density: South early-maturing varieties planted about 600 plants per acre, mid- and late-maturing varieties of 450500 plants; the north were 800 plants and 600 plants. Early mature cover cultivation in the south planted 800 plants per acre, the north can be planted 1000 plants.
Seedling period to ensure that the seedling full, seedling flush. Stem and leaf growth in the vining period, while beginning to turn into reproductive growth, need to rationalize the branching, pressure on the vine, control the growth of the plant, so that the melon vine is reasonably distributed. The use of artificial pollination to regulate the seat of the fruit. After the seat of the fruit heavy application of melon fertilizer, to promote rapid expansion of the fruit.
The watermelon absorbs the most potassium and the least nitrogen. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 3:1:4. Every 1000kg of fruit production absorbs about 4.6kg of nitrogen, 3.4kg of phosphorus, and 4.0kg of potassium. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by watermelon is synchronized with the growth of plant dry weight, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by seedling period is 0.54%, 14.66% in the spreading period, and 77.74% during the growth period of the fruits.
The main component of watermelon fruit is sugar (in addition to water), in the process of fruit development, the first period of reducing sugar-based, and then increased very little, sucrose and other non-reducing sugars, the first period of low content, with the maturity of the fruit grows sharply, sweetness increases. It should be harvested at the right time. The ripeness of watermelon fruit can be judged according to the number of days from flowering to ripening of the variety, and can also be calculated based on the cumulative temperature during fruit development. Melon ripening is characterized by: withering of tendrils at the seating nodes, shedding of bristles from the stalk, shrinkage and depression at the tip, clear pattern of the rind, yellowing of the base color, decrease in specific gravity, and turbid sound when tapped, etc. Triploid seedless watermelon seeds are not full, should be soaked and stoned, placed at 3032 ℃ to germinate, sowing. Appropriate increase in bed temperature can improve the seed germination rate and seedling rate. Triploid watermelon pre-growth is slow, need higher temperatures, should increase the basal fertilizer, mulching, to promote the growth of seedlings, triploid watermelon pollen sterility, should be configured to help the medium varieties, artificial auxiliary pollination, but also because of the latter period of growth, should be appropriately thinned out, control of nutrient growth, in order to overcome the seedless watermelon picking a small amount of seedling rate is low, can be used to apply embryo cultivation of asexual propagation of line of nutrient seedlings as scion, to cucurbit as rootstock for the Grafting cultivation.
10 watermelon storage and processingwatermelon storage at room temperature and low temperature storage. Storage of half a month, the temperature to 1316 ℃ is appropriate; more than half a month, 10 ℃ is appropriate, 10 ℃ below the pulp discoloration, and cold damage. Air relative humidity should be maintained at 8085%. Watermelon storage points: ① choose tight meat storage of medium and late ripening varieties; ② storage of fruit requires good development, disease-free, maturity of 8 into; ③ picking and transportation process to prevent mechanical damage, before harvest can be sprayed with 0.1% of the Tobacco or polymyxin to prevent rot; ④ into the warehouse in the shade before pre-cooling for 23 days; ⑤ stacked, the thickness of the upper shelf to 23 fruits is appropriate to avoid pressure, and leave a certain amount of space, storage period, pay attention to ventilation And timely inspection.
Watermelon can be processed into preserves, watermelon sauce, canned watermelon in sugar water. The juice of the watermelon after taking seeds can be made watermelon juice and watermelon wine.
11 watermelon pests and diseases and controlThe main diseases are anthrax (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum), (fungal disease) epidemic, powdery mildew and creeping blight. Pests are small tigers, melon aphids (cotton aphids), turnip fly, yellow guard melon and so on.
12 edible value of watermelon 12.1 Nutritional value of watermelon1. watermelon can clear heat and relieve summer heat, in addition to the annoyance of thirst: watermelon contains a large amount of water, in the acute febrile illness fever, thirst and sweat, irritability, eat a piece of watermelon, sweet and sand, full of water, the symptom will be immediately improved;
2. watermelon contains sugar and salt can diuretic and eliminate inflammation of the kidneys, the enzyme protease can be converted into soluble proteins insoluble protein. Protease can convert insoluble proteins into soluble proteins and increase the nutrition of patients with nephritis;
3. watermelon also contains substances that can lower blood pressure;
4. the amount of urine will be increased significantly after eating watermelon, which can reduce the content of bile pigment and make the stools smooth, which is useful for the treatment of jaundice;
5. fresh watermelon juice and fresh melon rind increase the elasticity of the skin, reduce wrinkles and add luster. reduce wrinkles and add luster.
12.2 The purchase of watermelon1. defense of watermelon raw and ripe: one hand to the watermelon, one hand gently pat, or use the index finger and middle finger to play, ripe watermelon, knocking up the sound will be more dull sound, immature watermelon knocking up the sound of brittle; the general rule is that the "muffled sound" is ripe, "brittle sound" for ripe melon, "brittle sound" for ripe melon, "brittle sound" for ripe melon, "brittle sound" for ripe melon, "brittle sound" for ripe melon. "Crisp" for the raw melon, but some melon skin is too thick, knocking up the sound is also muffled, but not necessarily a ripe melon.
2. cut ripe watermelon skills: ripe watermelon skin children thin flesh large, knife gently touched on the burst, very ugly, and bad mouth; if you first use chopsticks in the bottom of the watermelon to poke a hole of seven or eight centimeters or so, rotate a few times, and then pull out the chopsticks, with a knife from the hole to cut down, in accordance with the usual way to cut the same way as the watermelon, the watermelon cut out of half of the leveling of the watermelon.
3. Watermelon is an excellent summer fruit, seeds can be used as tea; cooking with watermelon to make ice bowls, watermelon cheese, watermelon cake and so on.
4. Watermelon is a summer fruit, winter is not advisable to eat more, should follow the seasonal pattern.
5. Do not eat watermelon fresh from the refrigerator.
12.3 People who are suitable to eat watermelon
General population can eat
1. Suitable for people with high blood pressure, acute and chronic nephritis, cholecystitis, high fever;
2. Diabetic patients eat less, it is recommended to eat in the middle of the two meals; the spleen and stomach cold, dampness and loose stools should not be eaten.
12.4 Therapeutic effects of watermelonWatermelon is sweet in flavor and cold in nature [2]. Into the heart, stomach, bladder meridian [2].
Watermelon has the effect of clearing heat and relieving summer heat, quenching thirst and diuretic [2]. It is mainly used for treating summer heat and injury to the fluids, heartburn and thirst, urinary incontinence, mouth sores and so on [2].
Watermelon cold fire, Hong Zhongxuan "Song Mo Jixian": someone suffering from eye disease, watermelon slices dried, day to day service, that is, healed [3].
12.4.1 melon flesh 12.4.1.1 Sexual flavorwatermelon flesh taste sweet, cold, non-toxic [3].
12.4.1.2 Functions and IndicationsThe flesh of the watermelon is used to quench thirst, quench summer heat, treat sore throat, relieve pain in the throat, relax the middle and lower the qi, diuretic, stop bleeding, diarrhea, and relieve alcohol poisoning. Containing melon juice, can cure mouth sores. Li Shizhen said: watermelon, melon, are cold food. Much of the world's people think they are smart, take it to clear the thirst of the pleasant and eat more, do not know that it hurts the spleen to help the harmful effects of wet. [3]
12.4.2 Pi 12.4.2.1 Sexual flavorWatermelon slices taste sweet, cool, non-toxic [3].
12.4.2.2 Functions and IndicationsWatermelon slices are used for the treatment of sores in the mouth, tongue, and lips, and are burned and taken in [3].
With prescription: eating too much melon into the disease: melon skin decoction can be solved [3].
12.4.3 Melon seed kernelWatermelon seed kernel and melon kernel have the same effect [3].
12.4.3.1 Taste and odorWatermelon seed kernel is sweet in taste, cold in nature and non-toxic [4].
12.4.3.2 FunctionsWatermelon seed kernel can clear the lungs and moisturize the intestines, quench the thirst and the central qi. The main treatment of intra-abdominal agglomeration, broken pus and blood, the most important medicine for the congestion of the stomach and intestines. It can also cure excessive menstruation, research and remove the oil and take orally. [4]
12.5 Suggestions for Watermelon200 grams per day
Eat it raw, drink it by twisting the juice, decoct the soup or boil it to take the paste.
*** Fei "Yan Shou Shu" contains: there is a defense of the state governor Chen Feng Yuan, to avoid the summer food melon too much, to the fall suddenly feel waist and leg pain, activity is limited, which is the harmful effects of eating too much melon [3].
13 Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine - watermelonWatermelon is the name of traditional Chinese medicine, from the "Daily Use of Materia Medica" [2].
13.1 OriginFruit pulp of Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. from Cucurbitaceae [2].
13.2 AttributesSweet, cold [2]. It enters the heart, stomach and bladder meridians [2].
13.3 Functions and IndicationsIt is effective in clearing heat and relieving summer heat, quenching thirst and inducing diuresis [2]. It is used for treating summer heat injury to the body, heartburn and thirst, dysuria, and mouth sores [2].
13.4 Usage and dosage of watermelonInternal: eat raw or take juice to drink [2].
13.5 Chemical compositionThis product contains citrulline, arginine. It also contains betaine, vitamin C fructose, malic acid, carotene, inorganic elements and a variety of volatile components [2].
13.6 Pharmacological effects of watermelonThis product contains citrulline, arginine, can increase the formation of urea in the liver, diuretic effect [2]. It also contains betaine, vitamin C fructose, malic acid, carotene, inorganic elements and a variety of volatile components [2].
14 *Dictionary - Watermelon 14.1 OriginDaily Use of the Materia Medica
14.2 PinyinXī Guā
14.3 Alias of WatermelonCold Watermelon (Tao Hongjing), Born with White Tiger Soup (Wang Ying, Food Materia Medica).
14.4 SourceThe flesh of the fruit of watermelon, Cucurbitaceae. It is harvested in summer.
14.5 FormAnnual trailing herb. Stem weak, creeping, slightly 5-angled, shoots densely hairy; tendrils 2-forked, hairy. Leaves alternate; petiole 3-12 cm long; leaf blade triangular-ovate, broadly ovate, etc., 8-20 cm long, 5-18 cm wide, 3-parted or nearly 3-parted, middle lobe longer, lateral lobes shorter, lobes then irregularly pinnatipartite or 2-pinnatipartite, both surfaces very rough. Flowers unisexual, homothallic, solitary in leaf axils; male flowers 2-2.5 cm in diam. Female flowers larger than male flowers; calyx, corolla, and male flowers similar; ovary inferior, ovate, ± pubescent outside, style short, stigma 5-lobed. Gourd fruit suborbicular or long ellipsoid, ca. 30 cm in diameter, surface green, light green, mostly with dark and light stripes. Seeds numerous, flattened, slightly ovate. Flowering period June to July. Fruiting period July to October.
The roots and leaves (watermelon root and leaf), rind (watermelon rind), seed kernel (watermelon seed kernel), and seed coat (watermelon seed shell) of this plant are used for medicinal purposes, and each of them is detailed in the special article.
14.6 HabitatIt is cultivated all over the country.
14.7 Chemical compositionWatermelon juice contains citrulline, α-amino β-alanine, alanine, α-amino butyric acid, γ-amino butyric acid, glutamic acid, arginine, phosphoric acid, malic acid, ethylene glycol, betaine, adenine, fructose, glucose, sucrose, salts (mainly potassium), vitamin C, β-carotene, γ-carotene, tomato hydrocarbons, hexahydroxy tomato hydrocarbon. Also contains volatile components, within the acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, hexanal.
The flowers have glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine, alanine. Female flowers contain far more of the first four amino acids than male flowers, and less of lysine and alanine.
14.8 Pharmacological effects of watermelonThe citrulline and arginine portions of melon flesh are claimed to enhance the formation of urea in the liver of rats, leading to diuresis.
14.9 TasteSweet, cold.
① "Daily Materia Medica": "Sweet, cold, non-toxic."
② "Drinking and Meal Preparation": "Sweet flavor, flat, non-toxic."
③ "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Sweet, cold, non-toxic."
④ The Materia Medica Rexin: "Sweet in flavor, cool in nature."
14.10 AttributionEntering the heart, stomach and bladder meridians.
① "Jade Rowan Pharmacopoeia": "Into the hand Taiyin lung, foot solar bladder, foot Yangming stomach meridian."
② "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": "Into the pericardium and stomach."
③ "Essential Medicines": "Enter the spleen meridian."
④ 《本草再新》："Introduced into the heart, liver and lung meridians."
14.11 Functions and IndicationsClearing heat and relieving heatstroke, removing vexation and quenching thirst, and inducing urination. It is used for treating summer heat and thirst, heat and fluid injury, urination; paralysis of the throat, mouth sores.
① "Daily Use of Materia Medica": "eliminate summer heat, quench thirst, broaden the middle and lower the qi, diuretic, treating bloody diarrhea."
② "Drinking and Meal Preparation": "Main thirst, cure heartburn, detoxification of alcohol."
③ "Danxi Xinfa": "treatment of mouth sores very much, with watermelon syrup water Xu Xu drink."
④ "Yunnan Materia Medica": "Treatment of all fevers, phlegm influx and stagnation of Qi."
⑤ Wang Ying, Food Materia Medica: "Cure throat paralysis."
14.12 Usage and dosage of watermelonInternal: take the juice to drink.
14.13 CautionDo not take it if there is a lot of cold and dampness in the middle.
14.14 Recipes①To treat Yangming heat, tongue dryness and thirst, or dizziness, sleeplessness, and lazy speech: cut open a good red-fleshed watermelon, take the juice in a bowl, and drink it slowly. ("Herbal remedies")
② summer, autumn diarrhea, restlessness: watermelon, garlic, watermelon cut three-tenths, into the seven cloves of garlic, wrapped in seven to nine layers of straw paper, and then sealed with a full bag of yellow mud, with an empty bamboo tube into the melon out of gas, charcoal fire burn dry, powder, boiled water swallowed. ("Herbal medicine herbal medicine simple prescription compilation")
③ treatment of scald: will be seven to November ripe watermelon, melon seeds, take the scoop even juice closed in a clean glass bottle, placed three to four months, to be produced like sour plum soup odor, filtering applications. First of all, the scalded part of the cold isotonic saline or cold water to wash, and then skimmed cotton in the clarified watermelon liquid soaking wet, applied to the affected area. Change several times a day, generally one or two degrees of burns, a week can be healed, three degrees of two weeks can be healed. (Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Collection)
Human Body Surface Area Calculator BMI Index Calculation and Evaluation Female Safe Period Calculator Due Date Calculator Pregnancy Weight Gain Normal Values Pregnancy Medication Safety Classification (FDA) Five Elements and Eight Characteristics Adult Blood Pressure Evaluation Body Temperature Level Evaluation Diabetes Dietary Recommendations Clinical Biochemistry Common Unit Conversion Basal Metabolic Rate Calculation Supplemental Sodium Calculator Supplemental Iron Calculator Prescription Commonly Used Latin Abbreviations Quick Look Pharmacokinetics Common Symbols Quick Look Effective Plasma Osmolality Calculator Ethanol Intake CalculatorMedical Encyclopedia, Calculate Now!
14.15 Excerpts*The Dictionary
15