Nantong is located at the intersection of Wuyue culture (mainly Wu dialect Taihu dialect, including Biling Tongdong dialect, Jinsha dialect and Su Hu Jiasan dialect/Chongming dialect) and Jianghuai culture (mainly Jianghuai Mandarin Tairu dialect/Tongtai dialect, including Hai dialect/Rugao dialect+Rudong dialect+Hai 'an dialect and maverick Nantong dialect), forming a unique Jianghai culture, which is characterized by southern culture as a whole.
The dialect distribution in Nantong is roughly as follows (Chongchuan, Gangzha and Tongzhou are the urban areas of Nantong, and the rest are counties and county-level cities; My generation should speak standard quasi-Mandarin and a healthy local dialect. ): Most of Chongchuan and Gangzha, Nantong dialect is mainly used in the northwest of Tongzhou (the transitional dialect from Piling Wu dialect to Tairu Jianghuai Mandarin, source: Jiangsu Provincial Department of Tourism and Culture); In Tongzhou and its surrounding areas, Wu dialect is mainly used in a small piece of Piling Jinsha dialect in Taihu Lake. East of Tongzhou Jinsha, north of Haimen, up to Lusi in the north of Qidong, some areas in the southeast of Rudong mainly use Tongdongfang dialect (that is, Di Mei dialect, Lusi dialect, Sijia dialect, etc., Rudong is called Nanchang dialect, and Sha people are called Jiangbei dialect); Wu dialect (i.e. Qihai dialect, Shalang dialect, Shashang dialect, Shali dialect and Chongming dialect) is mainly used in southern Chongchuan (i.e. development zone), eastern and southern Tongzhou, southern Haimen, most of Qidong, southeastern Rudong and northeastern Hai 'an. Most of Hai 'an, Rugao and Rudong University are Tongtai films (or Tairu films, with slightly different divisions) in Jianghuai Mandarin.
Discuss the reasons related to Nantong and South Jiangsu:
(1) Economy: In Nantong's current official development strategy, there is a saying that "the rise of the Soviet Union connects Shanghai and the integration of southern Jiangsu", which shows that the Nantong government has positioned Nantong's economy as central Jiangsu, not southern Jiangsu. Nantong is not generally regarded as southern Jiangsu now, but in the 1970s and 1980s, Nantong was "southern Jiangsu". At that time, Nantong was an important member of the "Southern Jiangsu Model" first proposed by Mr. Fei Xiaotong (Southern Jiangsu Model comes from Fei Xiaotong 1983 "Re-exploration of Small Towns": "The development models of township enterprises in Jiangsu, Wuxi, Changzhou and Nantong are basically the same, which I call the Southern Jiangsu Model. ), and Sue, tin often called "four tigers". At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Nantong became one of the few national model counties in Jiangsu because of the ideological innovation of Zhang Jian and other sages who dared to be the first, the practical actions of Chinese people to independently promote urban construction, and the implementation of "saving the country through industry" and "saving the country through education" and the trial implementation of local autonomy. It is precisely because of the foundation of modern national industry and urban construction that Nantong became the second medium-sized city (the first in Changzhou) with a per capita industrial output value of over 10,000 yuan in the early days of reform and opening up. From 65438 to 0978, Nantong's GDP ranked 17 nationwide, second only to Nanjing and Suzhou in the province. During the period of 1980, Nantong's per capita GDP was among the best in the province, and some indicators were several times higher than those of cities (such as Zhenjiang, Jiaxing and Shaoxing). ) is similar to the development level of Nantong. However, from the late11980 s to the early11990 s, Nantong began to lag behind Suzhou, especially Suzhou, and was even surpassed by some cities in Zhejiang. In 2000, Nantong did not enter the southern Jiangsu economic sector defined by the Jiangsu provincial government, but was replaced by Nanjing and Zhenjiang.
(2) Culture: Nantong is located at the intersection of Wu culture and Huai culture. Regardless of the fact that Tairu dialect in the north of Nantong (mainly belonging to Jiang Min dialect and Huaiyang dialect) itself is a dialect deeply influenced by Taihu dialect in Wu dialect, as far as the southeast of Nantong (namely Tonghai and Qin 'an counties) is concerned, its democracy should be said to be Wu dialect, which belongs to Jiangsu and Zhejiang dialect (also known as Wu dialect and Huaiyang dialect). In addition, Nantong dialect circle in Nantong City belongs to Tongtai dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin for the time being, but it is very special. Except Jinsha dialect in Piling, Taihu Lake, it can't communicate with other dialects in China, and it has lost its voiced initials, so it is not listed as Wu dialect. Nantong part of Tongzhi of Jiangsu Province lists it as a dialect of the transition from Piling Wu dialect to Taihua Mandarin.
(3) Geography: According to the geographical latitude and longitude of prefecture-level cities, the latitude of Nantong is 32.0 1 degree north latitude. In the southern Jiangsu economic sector, it is 32.04 degrees in Nanjing, 32.2 degrees in Zhenjiang, 3 1.32 degrees in Suzhou, 3 1.59 degrees in Wuxi and 3 1.79 degrees in Changzhou.
Discuss the reasons related to Nantong and northern Jiangsu.
(1) Zoning: At present, Jiangsu divides the whole province into three parts: southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu. This division is more of an economic difference. "Five cities in northern Jiangsu" include Lianyungang, Yancheng, Huai 'an, Suqian and Xuzhou. These places are considered underdeveloped in the province. Therefore, the "five cities in southern Jiangsu" in the province helped each other. The scope of "Northern Jiangsu" changes with the times. Its "northern Jiangsu" at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China is very different from the "northern Jiangsu" in economic geography now. 1April, 949, Subei Administrative Region was established. This provincial administrative region includes most of the present Jiangbei, but Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Xuyi, Sihong and Laojiangpu counties belong to Shandong or Anhui, and are not within the territory of northern Jiangsu. Today, the whole territory of Nantong belongs to northern Jiangsu, except Chongming County-1958 years ago, Chongming County belonged to Nantong District (Nantong District was originally five counties of Haimen, Qidong, Rudong, Nantong and Chongming, and was later divided into seven counties of Hai 'an, Rugao and * * * by Taizhou). There is no unified relationship between Nantong City and Nantong Special Zone. At that time, Nantong City included Chengnan District, Chengdong District, Chengzhong District, Chengxi District, Zhongxiu District, Tangzha District, Langshan District and Lujing District, with a total area of almost half that of Shanghai at that time.
(2) Culture: Before and after liberation, the word "Northern Jiangsu" did not necessarily have many discriminatory meanings. After Jiangsu was divided into five parts, Subei gradually represented all Jiangsu areas in Jiangbei, so "Subei" and "Jiangbei" were equal in the province. Therefore, before and at the beginning of the liberation of Jiangsu (including Shanghai, which was called "Su Beiren" at that time), people used to use the word "Subei" to refer to the Jiangbei area in the province (not even including Xuzhou and other places, mainly referring to Yangzhou, Taizhou and Huai 'an, which are close to the Yangtze River). Although the latitude of Nantong is already very southerly in the province (similar to Nanjing and more southerly than Zhenjiang), people are used to calling it that time. With the change of economic differences, "northern Jiangsu" and "northern Jiangsu" are gradually discriminatory in some areas, some people and some occasions. In southern Jiangsu, especially Shanghai, people prefer to divide rivers into south and north, rather than Qinling and Huaihe rivers. Therefore, although the concept of "northern Jiangsu" does not include Nantong today, many people in Jiangnan still regard Nantong as northern Jiangsu, which has undeniably become an "oral cultural habit" to some extent.
Discuss the reasons related to Nantong and Suzhong.
(1) Economy: Since 2000, Nantong has not been included in the "Suzhong" economic sector for a long time. Nantong, which was prosperous in the early days, became a "second-class area" in the province because of its lack of strength in the 1990s. The division of southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu seems to be related to geographical location, but it is actually a reflection of the economic strength of each place at the end of last century and the beginning of the new century. Geographically speaking, Nantong is located in the southeast of Jiangsu, which is not "middle". Nantong may have been more "central Jiangsu" in the early days, because there were Chongming, Jiading, Baoshan, Qingpu and Songjiang in Jiangsu at that time. Furthermore, the whole Shanghai area is from Jiangsu Province, and Nantong is not necessarily very far south. By 1958, Chongming County and Songjiang District were included in Shanghai, and Nantong District suddenly bordered on other provinces, and its position in the province became very south. Many Jiangnan people sometimes don't recognize the concept of "Suzhong" and call Suzhong and Subei "Subei".
(2) Regionalization: In fact, the concept of "Suzhong" is farther away than we thought, and it has not been used in these years. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, there were liberated areas behind enemy lines, such as Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu, which were mainly divided by the New Fourth Army and the People's Liberation Army. But at that time, the scope of "Suzhong" was not very stable. 1946 Suzhong even included Changshu, Wuxi and even Suzhou, which is today's southern Jiangsu. Just as Dongtai is unwilling to be regarded as northern Jiangsu, Tongzhou, Haimen, Qidong and other places seem unwilling to be part of "Central Jiangsu", especially Qidong. Due to the huge population base, Nantong's per capita GDP is not ideal, but the wage level and per capita income are still relatively advanced in the province. For ordinary people, this is much more significant than GDP.
Discuss the reasons related to Nantong and Su Dong.
(1) Geography: Eastern Jiangsu mainly refers to the eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu. Although it is mainly an economic concept, it also has a certain geographical basis. Su Dong generally includes Nantong, Yancheng and Lianyungang, which are three prefecture-level cities along the coast of Jiangsu, arranged in turn from south to north and evenly distributed throughout the eastern part of Jiangsu. Although the coastline is more likely to be eternal, it will expand eastward and reach the sea, but it is still with Fan. The coastline of eastern Jiangsu is 954 kilometers long. Located at the intersection of three major productive forces, namely, the coastal area of China, the Yangtze River and the Lanxin Line, it is an important part of the Yangtze River Delta, with unique geographical advantages, rich land reserve resources and strategic position.
(2) Economically: In 1990s, Jiangsu put forward the plan of "Su Dong on the Sea", including three prefecture-level cities and 24 counties (cities, districts) such as Lianyungang, Yancheng and Nantong. In 2007, Jiangsu once again proposed coastal development, which further clarified the promotion of the construction of the economic belt in eastern Jiangsu. In 2009, Jiangsu coastal development became a national strategy. Eastern Jiangsu is not an administrative division. Starting from 1953, southern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu and Nanjing were merged into Jiangsu Province. Southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu are no longer administrative divisions, but Jiangsu economic divisions, which are consistent with the newly planned central Jiangsu region as the three major economic plates in Jiangsu, while eastern Jiangsu is the coastal economic development zone in Jiangsu.
In addition to southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu, "Su Dong" came to join in the fun again. Compared with the first three concepts, "Su Dong" is relatively weak. Jiangsu does not have the concept of "Jiangsu and Anhui", but there are some similarities in the west of Jiangsu: the terrain of this area is relatively high, which is slightly inconsistent with the plain characteristics of Jiangsu on the whole. In addition, this large area is very prosperous in history. Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Old Huai 'an and Xuzhou are the first and second historical and cultural cities, stretching for hundreds of miles, the only one in China. In contrast, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe seem to have some similarities: low terrain (Lianyungang Yishu hilly plain is relatively high, but it accounts for a small proportion of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe) and young history. In addition, Lianyungang and Nantong also belong to the first batch of 14 coastal cities opened to the outside world in the early days of reform. Su Dong in a broad sense also includes Su Xichang, but these two places are not near the sea, which is different from the connotation of "Su Dong on the sea". Although "maritime Soviet Union and East China" has been put forward for a long time, the key is to bring up coastal development again in 2007 and adopt Jiangsu Coastal Development Plan in 2009.
To some extent, the formulation of "the Soviet Union on the Sea" proves that Jiangsu has long neglected the coast. As coastal provinces, coastal cities in Shandong and Zhejiang are obviously more developed than inland cities. However, the eastern part of the Soviet Union is not so weak in the whole province. Academically, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are often called "economic depression", which is a manifestation of the lack of fact investigation. As far as the province is concerned, the eastern part of the Soviet Union is by no means a so-called "economic depression", and the counties and cities south of Jianhu are among the top 100 counties in China. As far as Nantong is concerned, it is actually stronger than most places in western Jiangsu. The internal integration of the three cities in the Soviet Union and East China is relatively poor. In the past two years, the media's reference to "Su Dong" is not as good as that in 2009. Nantong wants to integrate into southern Jiangsu and become the center of Shanghai's northern wing, but it may not be interested in the concept of "Su Dong". In the 20 12 urban positioning, the concept of "coastal" is more borne by Lianyungang, while Nantong is positioned as "the economic center of the northern wing of the Yangtze River Delta". At this point, the concept of "Su Dong" became dull.
As the only city in Jiangsu that has connections with southern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and eastern Jiangsu, Nantong has become a rare "geographical contradiction" and is quite legendary. History is full of ups and downs, and the only constant is "change". The future development and change of Nantong is inevitable. With the vigorous promotion of infrastructure construction such as Hutong Highway and Railway Bridge, Nantong New Airport, tongzhou bay Jiangsu Xinhai Port and Shu Tong Yongjia Railway, the future legend of Nantong, a city of rivers and seas, remains to be seen. ?
Main reference sources: Nantong Biography of Si Su (from Nantong Elemental Magazine), etc.