In China, it can be divided into "Chinese toad" and "black-eyed toad". In animal taxonomy, it belongs to vertebrate phylum, Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae. There are 24~3 1 genus and 340~360 species of Bufonidae. At present, there are 2 genera 17 species and subspecies in China, among which "Bufo gargarizans" is the most widely distributed, almost all over the country.

Pharmacological action of toad

medicinal material

1. Venenum Bufonis is the serous fluid secreted by toad's posterior ear gland. Fishing from April to August, cleaning and scraping after fishing. When shaving, the thumb is placed on the toad's neck, the rest of the fingers hold the toad's body, and then the gland behind its ear is clamped with copper tweezers. Don't push too hard. You can take out the white pulp once or twice, sieve it with a 40-mesh sieve to remove impurities, spread the filtered pulp on a glass plate with a thickness of 3-4 mm, or after the filtered pulp is dried to 70%, carefully knead it into pancakes and dry it in the sun. The appropriate temperature is 40 ~ 60℃. Because of the different processing methods in different places, the shape of toad is also different. There are generally two kinds of Venenum Bufonis: sliced Venenum Bufonis and block Venenum Bufonis.

Fragments are irregular, with different sizes, about 2 ~ 3 mm thick, thick on the top and flat on the bottom. Brown or light brown, fragile, easily broken. When it meets water, it will emit white emulsion.

Venenum Bufonis is generally oblate or pie-shaped. The diameter is about 7 ~ 8 cm and the thickness is about 1 cm. Brown-purple or purple-black, the surface is smooth, hard and not easy to break. The cross section is gelatinous and bright.

2. The pharmacognosy of dried toad is smaller than that of toad, and there is no black spot on its abdomen.

Toad gall bladder is toad gall bladder. Catching toads in the Spring and Autumn Period, disembowelling for bravery, is rarely used.

App application

1. Venenum Bufonis has the functions of detoxification, detumescence, pain relief and heart strengthening. Indications: carbuncle on the back, unknown swelling, sore throat, dental caries, malnutrition, heart failure, etc. The dosage is 0.0 1 ~ 0.03g, which is suitable for external use.

2. Dried toad has the function of detoxification and detumescence. Indications: carbuncle, swelling and sore, infantile malnutrition, etc. In recent years, it has also been used to treat gastric cancer. The dosage is 0. 12 ~ 0. 18g. ..

3. Toad bile has antitussive, expectorant, antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory effects. Used to treat tracheitis. The dose was 1 ~ 3.