For the toad family animals Chinese big toad or black orbital toad and so on the whole. It is caught in summer and fall, and after it is caught, the toadstools are first harvested and then killed and directly dried in the sun (Northeast China and North China); or the internal organs are removed after it is killed and the body cavity is opened up and dried in the sun (East China, Central and South China and South China). This dry toad, commodity called "dry toad", remove the viscera of the commodity customarily called "dry toad skin".

Originality

From "Famous Doctors' Records". Tao Hongjing: this (toad) is a big belly, skin on the prickly heat lei, its skin juice is very poisonous, the dog eroded, the mouth are swollen. The herb toad, toad, two things are different, Tao (Hongjing) will toad Gongzhuo note toad in the article, so that mixed, take no difference. Today's pharmacists sell toads as toads. And the shrimp toad has black spots on its back, small body, can jump to catch a hundred bugs, to solve the sip sound, in the pei ze, move very quickly; toad body is big, black back, no point, more prickly heat lei, can't jump, can't make a sound, slow in action, in the people's wet place. It is a toad in the wet places of people's homes. Pinyin name chán chú

English name Dried Toad

Alias Toad Zhu, Go Fu; Toad, Lai Shrimp Toad, Shi Mussel, Lai Toad, Lai Ge Bao, Lai Ba Zi, Lai Clam, Mealy Toad, Mealy Toad, Mealy Ba Zi

Origin

Base Source of Medicinal Herbs

Base source of medicinal herbs: the entire body of the Chinese giant toad, Bufo gargarita or Bufo nigricollis of the family Bufoideae.

Latin Botanical and Animal Mineral Names: 1.Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor2.Bufo melanostictus Schneider

Harvesting and Storage: Caught in summer and fall. After catching, first harvest the toadstools, then kill the toadstools and dry them directly in the sun.

Original form

2. The Chinese big toad, body length is generally more than 10cm, stout body, head width is larger than the head length, the muzzle end is rounded, muzzle ribs are obvious; nostrils are close to the end of the muzzle; the eye spacing is larger than the inter-nasal area; tympanum is obvious, there is no plastron teeth, and there is no teeth in the upper and lower jaws. Prosternum long and stout, fingers and toes slightly flattened, lateral fingers slightly ciliated but not webbed, order of finger length 3.1.4.2, subarticular tubercles in pairs, often protruding 2, the lateral ones are large. Hind limbs stout and short, tibiotarsal joints reaching shoulder anteriorly, right and left heels not meeting, toes ciliated laterally, webbing often well developed, inner metatarsal deformity long and large, outer metatarsal protuberances small and rounded. The skin is very rough, the top of the head is smooth, with large and long postauricular membranes on both sides, and the rest of the body is covered with rounded scrobiculae of varying sizes, which are arranged in a regular pattern on the head, obliquely arranged parallel to the postauricular glands. In addition, the scrobiculae along the side of the body are also more regularly arranged, the scrobiculae on the tibiae are even larger, and individual specimens have inconspicuous tarsal folds, and the skin on the ventral surface is not smooth, with small warts. The coloration varies considerably, with males in the reproductive season mostly black-green dorsally, with light-colored markings on the side of the body; females are lighter dorsally, with scrobiculae creamy-yellow, sometimes with diagonal black longitudinal spots along the side of the body from behind the eyes, and creamy-yellow ventrally, with brown or black fine patterns. Males are smaller, with black nuptial pads on the inner three fingers, and no vocal sac.

2. Black orbital toad, body length 7-10cm, males slightly smaller; head high, head width larger than head length; muzzle end round, muzzle prongs obvious, nostrils near muzzle end, eye spacing is larger than nose spacing, tympanic membrane is large, no pluriform teeth, upper and lower jaws are toothless, the posterior end of the tongue is not notched. Head with very distinct black bony ribs or black lines along muzzle, supraorbital margin, anterior margin of tympanic membrane, and margins of upper and lower jaws. The top of the head is clearly depressed and the skin is closely attached to the skull. Forelimbs elongate; fingers and toes slightly flattened, ends black in color; length of fingers in the order of 3.1.4.2; subarticular tubercles of fingers more often than not larger than the external ones, the medial ones slightly smaller, all brown, hind limbs short, tibiotarsal joints reaching anteriorly to posteriorly behind the shoulders, right and left heels do not meet; feet shorter than tibiae; toes laterally ciliated with membranes, connected to the semipalpine webbing, subarticular tubercles inconspicuous; inner metatarsal protuberances slightly larger than the outer metatarsal protuberances. The skin is extremely rough, except for the top of the head, which is free of warts, the rest of the body is covered with rounded warts of varying sizes, with black dots or spines on the warts; the head is flanked by oblong ear glands; there are two longitudinal rows of large warts arranged in a regular pattern near the midline of the spine, from the back of the head to the buttocks. Large orbital toads are covered with small spines on the ventral surface. Body coloration varies greatly during life, generally yellowish brown with slight brownish-red markings. Males have a black nuptial pad at the base of the 1st and 2nd fingers, and a single subpharyngeal internal vocal sac.

Traits and traits identification, the whole contractile wrinkled longitudinally angular, four legs stretching differently, the surface of gray-green or greenish-brown. Remove the internal surface of the abdominal cavity of the viscera is gray-yellow, can see the bones and skin membrane. Gas slightly fishy, taste pungent. Large, dry and intact ones are preferred.

Chemical composition

Bufo vaddei strauch (flower back toad) behind the ear gland secretion contains cholesterol (cholesterol), South American toad venom (marinobufagin), Japanese toad venom (gamabufotalin), far Chinese toad venom (telocinobufagin), sand toad venom (arenabufagin).

The volatile components in the secretion of ear glands contain nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, a small amount of n-octadecane, n-nineteen alkanes, n-thirtieth alkanes, twenty-one alkanes, and octadecadienoic acid.

Pharmacological effects Toad preparations can enhance myocardial contractility, increase cardiac output, reduce heart rate and eliminate edema and dyspnea, digitalis-like effects. Pressure-raising effect, the product prosperity of the pressure effect quickly and smoothly, long maintenance time and can make the kidneys, brain, coronary blood flow increase, better than adrenaline vasoconstrictor drugs. Local anesthesia effect, with guinea pig cornea test, intraocular drops of equal amount of drugs, every 5min stimulation 6 times, ***30min, 30min statistics within 30min stimulation of the cornea does not react to the number of times to no reaction to the percentage of the role of local anesthesia for the local anesthesia process indicators, found that most of the local anesthesia effect is stronger than cocaine. Antitumor effects, toad preparations have increased the rate of mouse spleen hemolytic vacuole-forming cells (PEC) activity, promote macrophage function and increase the concentration of clear lysozyme and other effects, in addition toad on the immune system and circulatory system and other aspects of the role of toad. Concoction

Toad: brush off the dust and dirt, cut off the head and claws, cut into squares. Scorched dry toad: pour iron sand into the pot and heat it, take the cut dry toad and put it into the mix and fry it, until it is slightly burnt and foaming when it is taken out, sieve off the iron sand and put it into the cold. Folk have live toads, wrapped in yellow mud, simmered in fire ash to store the sex, and then finely ground human medicine. Shu Ben Cao": "Tu Jing" cloud, take the sun dry and fire dry. A method to remove the skin and claws, wine immersion overnight, and with the natural juice of the yellow essence soaked overnight, coated with crispy hot dry with. Compendium": nowadays, they are all air-dried, yellow mud solid Ji, calcined with the nature of the deposit. The herb is dried in the shade, soaked in wine for three days, and then roasted and dried. Sexual flavor: pungent; cool; poisonous

Attributed to the heart; liver; spleen; lung meridian

Functions and Indications: detoxification and dispersal of nodules; elimination of stagnation and diuresis; killing worms and eliminating chancre. Dysentery; boils; hair back; scrofula; malignant sores; obstruction in the abdomen; swelling; oedema; children's chancre; tetanus; chronic cough and asthma

Use and dosage for external use: appropriate amount, burnt and powdered compresses or coated; or live toadstools pounded compresses. Internal use: decoction, 1; or into the pill, loose, 1 ~ 3g.

Note "Guangxi medicinal animals": the surface heat, defecation of people avoid using.

Ancillary prescription for all sores, carbuncles, scrofula, etc., not after a month, will be a cold fistula: toad a (remove the head with), stone sulfur yellow (do not research), frankincense (do not research), wood incense, pick up (remove the rough skin) half a taels each, Lupine room a (burned ash with). The above six flavors, mashed Luo for the end, with one or two oil, mixing the medicine, into a porcelain bowl, in the peach heavy soup boiling, do not stop stirring, so that into a paste, the silk on the spread of the sticker. Waiting for the water out, replace the new medicine, sores are very bad, thick spread the medicine paste. ("General Records of the Sheng Ji" toad paste) treatment of hair back swelling poison has not yet become: a live toad, the Department of the put on the sore for half a day, the toad must be fainting debt, and then easy a, as before, the toad will follow the will; and then easy a, the toad as the old, then the poison is dissipated. If the situation is heavy, to live to support a, or two or three, was open even belly by the hot table on the sore, soon must stink, and then easy two or three times that is healed. ("Medical Lin Collection") treatment of early whitlow: toad, its abdomen cut a centimeter wound, not to go to the viscera, put a little brown sugar. The affected finger into its abdomen, after two hours, you can change another toad,*** with about ten can be healed. It is also effective in treating other inflammatory diseases. (Guangxi famous Chinese herbal medicine new medical method prescription set) treatment of poison: toad a, black pepper seven, fresh ginger a piece. The medicine will be loaded with eight toad belly, and then put in a casserole or tile pot, slow fire charred and finely ground. Each time five centimeters, take two times a day. ("Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine") treatment of chest wall tuberculosis and lymph node tuberculosis broken into leakage holes: a toad, white pepper three money, sulfur two money. First pepper, sulfur yellow stuffed into the toad abdomen, after the yellow mud wrapped toad thick about one, two inches, simmering through the fire, remove the mud, research fine powder, sesame oil into a paste, sterilized, coated in sterile gauze strips put into the leakage holes, covered with gauze, every two to four days to change the medicine once. (Liaoning "Chinese herbal medicine new medical method information selection") Treatment of dropsy: a large toad, sand nuts do not care how much. For the end, the sand nuts will be loaded into the toad to make it full, sew the mouth, seal it with mud, calcine the charcoal red, wait for the cold, then grind the toad into powder, make three servings, and send it down with Chen Pi Tang. ("The Summary of Jiang Zang" Toad Sand Dispersion) Treating cold fetish in the abdomen, water valley yin giving, phlegm stopping under the heart, plumpness in the both hypochondriacs, pressing the ringing and turning, against the harmful food and drink: a big toad (removing the skin and things in the abdomen, and supporting the dissolution of the toad), and mango (one liter for adults, seven for middle-aged people, and five for the thin and weak people). With six liters of water, boil four open, a service of one liter, a service, not to get down, more a liter; to get down, then nine days and ten days a work. ("Compensating the lack of elbow formula") Treatment of tetanus: shrimp toad two and a half, cut rotten as mud, into the pepper one or two, with the wine fried hot, and then into the wine two and a half warm, remove the slag to take it, through the body sweating effect. (" QiXi LiangFang ") treatment of five chancre eight dysentery, yellow muscle thin, good to eat dirt, do not want to milk food: a large dry toad (burning sex), soap horn (peeled, string, burned sex) a money, clam powder (water fly) three money, musk a money. For the end, paste the pill corn size. Each empty heart under the rice drink three, forty pills, two services a day. (The Whole Infant Fang Theory "five Fu Baotong pill) Treatment of pediatric noma thin into a fetish a few dangerous: toad to scalp viscera, mulberry leaves wrapped, plus thick paper wrapped again, simmering cooked fire, mouth to mouth two, more than ten days to heal. If the mouth is mixed, swallow pear juice to solve the problem. ("Materia Medica") Treatment of hemorrhoids in the large intestine: a toad, a brick in four directions, in the inner, mud, the fire hall to save sex, for the end; a pig wide intestine, tie the ends, cooked and chopped, dipped in the end of the toad to eat, so that the three or four times. ("Compendium") treatment of children walking horse chancre, tooth odor rot, erosion of the lips and nose, but also to cure the body fat sores: oyster skin (yellow paper wrapped, simmering charred), Huanglian each one or two minced, Qingdai a money. For the end, into the musk a little research and. The first licorice soup system to remove the skin, so that the blood out of the coating. Sore dry good sesame oil mix, wet is dry with. (Quan Ying Wan Lun) Toad Crisp Scatter) Ringworm: Dry toadstools are burnt to ashes and coated with pig fat. (Sheng Shen Ji Fang) Treatment of tongue and mouth sores: one point of cholecalciferol and one point of dried toad (sizzling). The above research into the end, each take a small bean big mixed in the sores, a long time, with five liters of freshly drawn water gargle, the water is exhausted to the extent. ("Sheng Hui Fang" Toad Alum San) Various Discussions "Compendium": Toad into the Yangming meridian, retreating the deficiency heat, line dampness, kill insects, for noma, carbuncle, all sores to medicine. Bielu" cloud, the treatment of dog injuries, "after the elbow" also has a method. According to Shen York "Song Book" cloud, Zhang collected for the system of dog injuries, people cloud should be eaten toad chopped, eaten and then healed, this is also the treatment of carbuncles and gangrene, treatment of swollen meaning. Most of the things can attack and pull out poison, ancient and modern prescriptions used shrimp and toad, not very separate, more toad, readers should review the use of, not because of the name of the real also. The Classic of Materia Medica: Toad, toad, this is two things, "the" cloud a toad, cover the ancients commonly known as toad for the toad ear. Although the name of the scripture is toad, its use is toad. Today, the world used are toad, not toad, its benefits can be seen. The odor is pungent, the gas is cold, and the poison is in the juice of the skin of the eyebrow. Its main carbuncle, yin sores, yin etching, gangrene, evil sores, the system of dog sores, are hot and poisonous gas injuries to the muscles. Zai cold can dissipate heat and detoxification, the nature of the rapid, poisonous attack, the poison is easy to solve, poisonous solution, then the muscle and the evidence to go. Where the plague evil, sweat is solved. The flavor of the great Xin, good sweating, Xin Lord dispersal of poison, cold Lord remove heat, so can make the evil scattered and do not stay, the evil to go to the stomach gas security and fever retreat. Breaking the blood stasis, firm blood, but also to its Xin cold can be dispersed blood heat congestion also. In recent times, it has been used in the treatment of pediatric chancre because it can eliminate stagnation and stagnation by going to Yangming. Sifu Min Yue Ling (四民月令): treating malignant sores and gangrene. Bie Lu": treatment of yin etching, gangrene, malignant sores, the system of dog sores. Tao Hongjing: people get warm disease, spots out of the sleepy, raw food one or two. Burn the ashes and put them on the sores. Theory of Medicinal Properties: kill chancre, cure rat leakage sores. Burning ash on all the worms and itchy Ziyin sores. Gleanings from the Materia Medica (《本草拾遗》): the main warm disease spots, take one, raw mashed and twisted to take the juice of the service, but also burned to serve; the main rabid dog bites crazy want to die, for the removal of food, the amount of food several times. Rihuazi Materia Medica: breaking stasis, treating chancre gas, yellow face of children, fetish gas. The Materia Medica Montessori: treating children with diarrhea and dysentery, swallowing it with water; treating adults with bruises and injuries, applying it on the live mashed mud; for ringworm caused by wind lust, applying it with burnt ashes and pig fat; simmering it and eating it to kill the corrosion of fetishism. Compendium: treat all five noma eight dysentery, swelling and poison, tetanus disease, prolapse of the anus. The Materia Medica is: eliminating the accumulation of fetishes and qi, breaking the hardness, and eliminating swelling and distension. Materia Medica (本草备要): sweating and fever, removing dampness and killing worms. The doctor forest usurps the essentials ": can disperse, can line, can seepage, and sharp in the attack on poison, the main treatment of carbuncle and gangrene treatment of poison, kill the children's chancre. Don't its abdomen and swelling poison, three easy to poison can be word eliminated. The Materia Medica Again: treating sores and gangrene, children's spleen and stomach disharmony, liver fire, wind convulsions. With the plea residence dietary spectrum": clearing heat to kill insects, eliminating traces of toxicity, calm alarm dispersal addiction, line dampness to remove yellow. Shandong Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine (《山东中中草藥手册》)：Strengthening the heart, diuretic, analgesic. Treatment of edema and ascites. Clinical application

1. Treatment of diphtheria: each time to take live toad about 170g, alum about 33g, with the stone mortar pounded, wrapped in gauze into a rectangle (5 × 10cm), placed in the front of the neck of the patient, bandage fixed. At that time, the patient that there is a cool and comfortable feeling, about 4 ~ 5 small purchase knife due to throat secretion reduction. Severe patients subjected to 4 ~ 6 hours to replace 1 time, light cases 6 ~ 10 hours to replace 1 time, after 20 hours that is the feeling of moist and comfortable throat, swallowing convenience. General replacement of 5 to 6 times in severe cases, mild cases of 3 to 4 times that can be seen in the reduction of symptoms or cured. Treatment of 13 cases of diphtheria patients, 9 cases of diphtheria bacilli found in throat smear. The time for fever to subside after treatment was 18-50 hours, and the time for local symptoms to disappear was 14-52 hours. There were no tracheotomy and other complications in the treated cases.

2. Treatment of chronic bronchitis: Square 1, take the live toad to remove the head, skin and viscera, roasted and ground; another pig bile concentrate and flour mixed with an equal amount of low-temperature stir-fry loose powder. According to the ratio of 7:3 toad powder and pig bile flour mixed evenly, into the capsule. Each time 5 points, 3 times a day, served after meals. 10 days for a course of treatment, **** two courses of treatment. Observe 372 cases, the disease type is mainly simple type, Chinese medicine typing to the majority of deficiency cold type. After taking the medicine, the effective rate of stopping cough, phlegm, asthma is more than 80%. The effect usually began to be seen within 3 days. According to the observation of key cases, those with increased white blood cells and dry and wet rhonchi in the lungs before treatment, the white blood cells returned to normal after treatment, and the lung signs improved significantly.

Square two, with hibernation toad 1, alum 3 money, jujube 1. Alum, jujube stuffed into the mouth of the toad, shade drying baked yellow, research fine powder, with water pan pill, such as mung beans big, to ochre for the coat, or the powder into the capsule, each capsule (or capsule) 0.5g, adults 3 ~ 6g per day, 1 time or sub-times with warm boiled water transported to serve, served for 30 days. ***Treatment of 2364 cases, control 361 cases (15.3%), obvious effect 651 cases (27.5%), improved 908 cases (38.4%), invalid 444 cases (18.8%). The total effective rate was 81.2%. The efficacy of the drug taken in winter and spring was more obvious than that in summer, and there was no significant difference between the simple type and the wheezing type.

3. Treatment of anthrax: 1 toad, add 30ml of water, decocted to 200ml, cooled down and served; or 1 live toad, remove the internal organs, pounded into mincemeat, boiled water; or 1 toad to remove the internal organs and washed, with white chrysanthemum; two, decocted tea, or toad, white chrysanthemum dregs of the external application of the skin at the anthrax ulcers. It can also be mixed with Jin Huang San (adult medicine), and often applied to the edema. With the above method of internal and external application, 26 cases of skin anthrax, 3 cases of lung anthrax and 1 case of intestinal anthrax were treated; among them, 18 cases had systemic poisoning symptoms and 14 cases were positive for Bacillus anthracis on smear, and all of them were cured.

4. Treatment of malignant tumors; live toadstools dried in the sun and then baked crisp research fine powder, sieve, and flour paste made of soybean grains of small pills. The ratio of flour to toadstool powder is 1:3. 100 pills each with 5 points of andrographis for clothing. Adults each time 5 ~ 7 nine, oral 3 times, after meals, boiled water sent down. There may be nausea and dizziness in case of overdose. After treating 22 cases of stomach cancer, bladder and wrist cancer, liver cancer patients, the condition of all have improved.

5. Treatment of ascites: take fresh live toad and kill it (not to go to the internal organs), dry it on the tile, research it into fine powder, store it in the airtight bottle for spare. Adults take orally once a day, each time 2g, weak women and children discretionary reduction. 10 times a course of treatment, generally can be carried out for two courses of treatment, such as ineffective need not be renewed. If the blood pressure drops gradually during the treatment, stopping the drug should be considered. During the treatment period, the daily appetite does not exceed 2g.*** treatment of schistosomiasis ascites 6 cases, of which 4 cases after the treatment of ascites reduced, greatly reducing the preparation time before splenectomy, no complications after surgery; the other 2 cases of treatment of quality ascites has also improved. The other two cases of treatment quality ascites also showed improvement. Except for the different degree of decrease in blood pressure after the use of the drug, there was no change in body temperature, pulse rate and so on. This method is not suitable for patients with low blood pressure (systolic blood pressure below 90mm Hg) and poor liver and kidney function. Another useful sand nuts 7 grains into the toad (frog can also be) mouth (live toad must be sewn on the mouth to avoid the sand nuts spit out), and then wrapped the toad with yellow mud, placed on the fire after drying the yellow mud, the toad will be studied into a fine powder. Daily service l toad, divided into 2 times with 30ml of yellow wine, 7 days for a course of treatment, general service can be a course of treatment. Treatment of nephritis ascites 10 cases, 9 cases have significant efficacy, of which 2 cases have improved renal function. Generally, the second day after the use of drugs, urine volume increased, serving to 7 days of ascites is basically disappeared.

6. Treatment of leprosy: toadstools and Cang Er grass with taking, according to the observation of 31 cases, seems to have some efficacy.

7. Toad poisoning due to toad poisoning, literature has repeatedly reported. -The main manifestations are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, or even delirium, pale, cold limbs, weak pulse, arrhythmia, etc. The electrocardiogram is very similar to digitalis intoxication. The eggs of toads and their parotid and skin gland secretions contain a variety of toxic substances, and it is not known whether other parts are toxic. Boiling does not destroy or eliminate its toxicity. There have been two cases of children, combined with a cooked toad after eating a serious poisoning symptoms. One of the cases of 5 years old patients a few by rescue; the other case of 1 year and a half of children failed to rescue, died about 7 hours after the onset of the disease. Therefore, it is generally believed that toads should not be eaten, such as used as an external medicine, its toxin may also be absorbed into the blood and cause poisoning, should be noted.

Excerpts from the Chinese Materia Medica