Lidong origin

"Lidong" festival on November 7 or 8 every year, China's ancient folk customary Lidong for the beginning of winter, the "lunar calendar seventy-two wait for the collection of understanding" said: "Lidong, build the beginning also ", also said: "winter, the end is also, all things collection." In fact, China's vast area, in addition to the year-round winter coastal South China and the long winter of the Tibetan Plateau region, the winter is not all around the same time in the beginning of the winter day. According to the climatological division of the four seasons standard, to the second half of the average temperature drop to below 10 ℃ for the winter, the "winter for the beginning of winter" and the Yellow River and Huaihuai region of the climate law basically coincides with the statement. China's northernmost Mohe and Daxinganling north of the region, in early September has long entered the winter, the capital of Beijing in late October has also been a winter scene, and the Yangtze River Basin winter to the "Snow" festival before and after the real start.

In ancient China, winter was divided into three seasons: "The first season is when the water starts to freeze; the second season is when the ground starts to freeze; and the third season is when the pheasant enters the water as a mirage." This season water has been able to ice; land is also beginning to freeze; the third wait "pheasant into the water for the mirage" in the pheasant refers to the pheasant class of large birds, mirage for the big clams, after the winter, the pheasant class of large birds will not be seen, but the seaside can be seen with the shell and the pheasant lines and colors similar to the big clams. Therefore, the ancients believed that the pheasant to the winter will become a big clam.

The understanding of the "winter", we can not just stay in the meaning of the beginning of winter. Tracing back to the roots, the ancient understanding of "Li" is the same as modern people, is the establishment, the beginning of the meaning. But the word "winter" is not so simple, in the ancient book "moon order seventy-two wait collection" in the "winter" explanation is: "winter, the end is also, all things collection also", meaning that the fall crop Meaning that all the fall crops are harvested and dried, collected into the warehouse, animals have also been hidden in preparation for hibernation. It seems that the beginning of winter does not only represent the coming of winter. To be complete, the winter is the beginning of winter, the collection of all things, to avoid the meaning of the cold.

In winter, the sun has reached 225 ° longitude, the northern hemisphere is getting less and less solar radiation, because at this time the surface of the summer half-year stored heat there is a certain amount of residual, so the general is not too cold. Clear and windless, often warm and comfortable "small spring" weather, not only very pleasant, the growth of winter crops is also very favorable. However, at this time, the northern cold air has also had a strong force, often frequent southward invasion, sometimes forming a windy, cooling and accompanied by rain and snow of the cold wave weather. From the average situation over the years, November is the month with the most cold waves. Drastic cooling, especially cold and warm abnormal weather has serious adverse effects on people's lives and health as well as agricultural production. Pay attention to weather forecasts, according to the weather changes in a timely manner to improve human protection and crop cold, frost damage and other defenses, it is very important.

Calculation of the date of winter [Y*D+C]-L

Formula interpretation: Y = 2 years after the number of years, D = 0.2422, L = the number of leap years, the 21st century, C = 7.438, the 20th century = 8.218.

For example: 2088 winter date = [88 × 0.2422 + 7.438]-[88/4]=28 -22 = 6, November 6 is the first day of winter.

Exception: 2089 calculations plus 1 day.

Climate Impact

Before and after the beginning of winter, precipitation in most parts of China is significantly reduced. The northeast region of the earth frozen, agriculture and forestry crops into the overwintering period; Jianghuai area, "three autumn" has been close to the end; Jiangnan is busy planting late winter wheat, tightly transplanted rapeseed; and South China is the "winter planting wheat at that time," the best period. At this time the moisture conditions are good or bad with the seedling growth of crops and overwintering has a very close relationship. North China and the Yellow River and Huaihe region must be in the average daily temperature dropped to about 4 ℃, field soil night freeze day time to eliminate the time, seize the opportunity to water wheat, vegetables and orchard winter water to supplement the lack of soil moisture, to improve the microclimate environment in the field, to prevent the "drought to help the cold Wei," to reduce and avoid the occurrence of frostbite. Jiangnan and southern China, in time to open a good field "productive ditch", good clearing ditch drainage, is to prevent winter flooding and freezing damage to the important measures. In addition, after the winter air generally tends to dry, the soil contains less water, forest fire prevention work should also be put on the important agenda.

Tropical cyclones, the end of the strongest

According to statistics, .zhlzw. On average, every year in November there are 2 to 3 tropical cyclones generated. In particular, the cyclone generated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, there is the possibility of developing to typhoon strength. In the last 55 years, there have been 11 tropical cyclones landing on the coast of China in November, with the landing sites mainly in Taiwan, Guangdong and Hainan. If the latitudinal circulation prevails in the mid-latitudes that year, it is easy to have a typhoon, and if the meridional circulation prevails in the mid-latitudes, that is, the cold air is strong, it is not easy to have a typhoon.

North and South China, fall and summer

During the winter period in northern China, even if the cold winds swept through, the temperature will quickly rise, clear and windless when, often "October small spring, no wind warm melt" said. The first thing you need to do is to get a good look at the color of the skin and the texture of the skin.

And southern China, Taiwan, and south of Hainan Island and other island areas, there is no winter. the temperature in November, the highest temperature are below 30 ℃. But do not rule out the influence of strong cold air, there is a strong cooling situation, only in recent years is less frequent.

Late winter and fall, prone to frost and fog

November in normal years, from the Qinling Mountains in the north, the western and southern Huanghuai, south to the northern part of Jiangnan will continue to appear the first frost. Cold years, mid-November, north of the South Ridge will also appear the first frost.

November in the north, with the front of the cold air moved out of the local, fronts after the cold air mass began to warm side of the denaturation, if there is no follow-up cold air supplementation, a few days later, the temperature, although back up, the air quality is gradually deteriorating. Especially in big cities, the water vapor and pollution particles accumulated in the atmosphere combine and condense to form smog or dense fog, affecting people's health and traffic operation. In the southwest of China, Jiangnan, water vapor conditions than in the north to be better, if the morning temperature is low, there are often patches of fog.

North China's first snow, precipitation varied

After November, precipitation across the country significantly reduced. Snow on the plateau snow mountain is no longer melting. In northern China and other places often appear the first snow, Beijing's first snow is more difficult to forecast, the impact is also large, often need special attention. At this time, precipitation appears in diverse forms: rain, snow, sleet, shrapnel, and ice pellets. When there is a strong cold air influence, Jiangnan will also snow.

Southwest China's typical West China rainy streak ended, but relative to the country's rain is basically less, it is still rainy places. According to the temporal distribution of precipitation in the southwest, November enters the dry season of the year. The dry season was more pronounced in the northwestern part of the southwest. In the Sichuan Basin, eastern Guizhou, and southwestern Yunnan, there was still more than 50 millimeters of rain in November. In Yunnan, sunny days are warm, rainy days are cold and cloudy, and there is a saying that "four seasons are like spring, but once it rains, it's winter". If you encounter a stronger cold air invasion, there are warm and humid airflow echo, the process of rain in the southern region will also be larger.

North of the Yangtze River and southern China, the rainy days and rainfall are less than the south of the Yangtze River, not big, for the year three cooked in southern China, November drought, crop growth still have a negative impact.

Temperatures drop and change significantly

With the strengthening of cold air, the trend of falling temperatures accelerated. The cooling in the north is something people are used to. From late October, successive heating, people are good to have a place to escape the cold. And for this time in the late fall "little spring" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River people, if encountered strong cold air quickly south, sometimes less than a day, the temperature drop can be close to 8 ~ 10 ℃, or even more. But after all, after the gale, the sun shines, the cold air mass quickly denatured, the temperature rebounded faster. Temperature rebound and heat accumulation, prompting the next round of cold air to bring stronger cooling. At this time, the pleasant late autumn weather is nearing its end, and the significant cooling makes this region enter the first frost period at the same time, but also enter the best viewing period of the red leaves, and at the end of November one after another into the winter.

More northerly winds, winds strengthened

As a long time into winter in Northwest, North China, Northeast and other places, this time of the year, gusty winds, cooling can be said to be accustomed to. In south-central North China to the Huanghuai and other places, the cold air during the winter, often either gusty winds in this area of mountainous areas of the red leaves swept away, that is, the city's trees are also blown into the light pole, so that people have a kind of all of a sudden into the feeling of winter. If you encounter a strong force, the speed of the cold air, it ran all the way, so that the northern mountain pass area and the south of the rivers and lakes and rivers to increase the wind, gusty winds have been blown to the southeastern coast and the Taiwan Strait.

Especially in the north and east of the sea, the sea of gale force winds easy to make the sea operations suffered serious losses.

North and South, the temperature difference is widening

China's vast territory, the north and south across dozens of latitudes, so there is a temperature difference between the north and south. But after winter, the temperature difference between the north and the south is even greater. in November, most of China's Tibetan Plateau, Inner Mongolia and the northern part of Heilongjiang, the average temperature has reached -10 ℃. The northernmost Mohe and Haikou, Hainan Province, the temperature difference between the two can be up to 30 ℃ ~ 50 ℃ as much. Many places in the north is already dry, everything withered, cold; and South China is still green mountains, birds and flowers, warm and pleasant.

Lidong Customs

Lidong, together with Lichun, Lixia and Lichu, is known as the four Lidongs, which was an important festival in ancient societies, and on this day, the emperor would lead civil and military officials to the northern suburbs of the capital to set up an altar to offer sacrifices. In the present, people also celebrate the day of winter.

Eating dumplings on the day of winter

The winter festival, with the meaning of autumn harvest and winter storage, our country used to be an agrarian society, and people who had worked for a year took advantage of the day of winter to take a rest, and rewarded the family for their hard work in the year. There is a proverb, "winter, make up for the winter, make up for the mouth empty" is the best analogy.

In the south of China, people love to eat some chicken, duck, fish and meat in the winter, in Taiwan on this day, the streets of the 'mutton stove', 'ginger duck' and other winter tonic restaurant full of people. Many families also stew sesame oil chicken and four things chicken to replenish energy.

In the north of China, especially in Beijing, Tianjin people love to eat dumplings. Why do you eat dumplings in winter? Because dumplings are derived from the expression "the time of the handover". Lunar New Year's Eve is the intersection of the old year and the new year, and the beginning of winter is the intersection of the fall and winter seasons, so the dumplings at the time of the "intersection" can not be eaten. Now people have gradually restored this ancient *** custom, the day of winter, all kinds of dumplings sold very hot.

Winter

The arrival of the winter season, is the grass and trees withered, hibernating insects hide, all the activities tend to rest to hibernate, to hibernate state, to maintain vitality, for the next spring vigorously in preparation. Although there is no hibernation of human beings, but the folk have the custom of winter tonic winter. People in this best period of tonic, dietary supplements, in order to resist the winter cold to replenish the vital energy. In the winter should eat less cold, especially should not be excessive tonic. People in general can properly eat some higher calorie food, especially in the north, can eat some beef, mutton, but also to eat more fresh vegetables. Eat some foods rich in vitamins and easy to digest.

Winter Swimming

Interestingly, the way of celebrating the establishment of winter is also innovative now. In Harbin, on the day of the establishment of winter, the athletes from the Winter Swimming Association of Heilongjiang Province crossed the Songhua River to welcome the arrival of winter in this way.

Winter tonic

In people are still enjoying the warmth of the autumn sun, time has flown to November, winter drifted to. Winter, as the first season of winter, around November 8 every year, in folklore, there is the custom of winter tonic. On this day, people in the north and south are different ways to supplement the mountain treasures and wild food, said only so that the cold winter, in order to resist the cold attack. So in practice, winter in the end we should pay attention to what? How to adjust is our main topic today.

"Three nine make up a winter to the next year without pain"

According to China's traditional folk custom, "winter" represents the beginning of winter. "Winter, heaven and earth closed, water ice ground chap." The natural world of yin and yang decline, all things are hidden yang, to wait for the coming spring. "Cold" is the main feature of winter climate change, winter in addition to pay attention to the cold and warm, diet and health care is also very important.

The cold winter climate affects the body's endocrine system, so that the body's thyroxine, adrenaline and other secretions increase, thereby promoting and accelerating the decomposition of the three major categories of protein, fat, carbohydrates and thermogenic nutrients to increase the body's ability to protect against the cold, which results in the body's heat dissipation is too much. Therefore, winter nutrition should be based on increasing heat energy. You can eat more lean meat, eggs, fish, dairy, beans and foods rich in carbohydrates and fat as appropriate.

Winter is also the off-season of vegetables, so often after a winter, the human body appears vitamin deficiencies, such as the lack of vitamin C, and therefore lead to people with mouth ulcers, tooth roots, bleeding, constipation and other symptoms. Then people can eat some potatoes, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes and so on. They are rich in vitamin C, vitamin B, as well as vitamin A, red sweet potato also contains more carotene. Eat more potatoes, not only can supplement vitamins, but also clear the role of internal heat. In addition, in the winter market in the road vegetables, in addition to cabbage, should also choose cabbage, heart beauty radish, white radish, carrot, soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, rape and so on. These vegetables are rich in vitamins, to often switch varieties, reasonable collocation

Supplement the body's vitamin needs.

As the saying goes, "three nine make up a winter, the next year, no disease", winter is also a good time to supplement, but to remind everyone is to supplement, to make the stomach and intestines have an adaptive process, it is best to do the first lead to supplement, in general, you can choose to use stewed beef jujubes, peanut kernels with brown sugar, can also cook some ginger jujubes and beef soup to eat to adjust the function of the spleen. Spleen and stomach function. Drinking hot porridge in winter is also a good choice for health. For example, eating "Laba congee" helps to increase the calorie and nutritional function. Wheat porridge has the role of nourishing the heart in addition to the role of annoyance, sesame porridge can benefit the essence of yin, radish porridge can be eliminated phlegm, walnut porridge can nourish the yin and solid essence, Poria porridge can strengthen the spleen and stomach, jujube porridge can be beneficial to nourish yin, and so on.

The winter winter not blindly "complementary"

Dietary regimen to follow the "autumn and winter yin", "do not disturb the sun", The old adage that "the weak are supplemented, the cold are warmed", with the change of the climate and adjust the diet. Eat less cold, but also should not be hot, targeted consumption of some nourishing yin submerged yang, higher calorie diet is appropriate, but also to eat more fresh vegetables to avoid vitamin deficiencies, such as: beef and mutton, chicken, crucian carp, drink more soymilk, milk, eat more radish, greens, bean curd, fungus, and so on. Here it is important to note that our country is vast, geographically different, people's lifestyles are different, the same winter, the Northwest and Southeast coast of the climate conditions are very different.

Winter in the northwest of the cold weather, the supplement should be warm and hot products, such as beef, mutton, dog meat, etc.; and south of the Yangtze River has been in winter, but the temperature is much milder than the northwest of the region, the supplement should be complementary to the taste of sweet and warm, such as chicken, ducks, fish; located in the mountainous areas of the high plateau, the rainfall is less and the climate is dry zone, it should be sweet and moist to produce Jin Jin's fruits, vegetables and icing sugar is appropriate. In addition, it should also vary from person to person, because food has a grain, meat, fruit and vegetables, there are men and women, young and old, the body (physique) has the defense of deficiency, cold and heat, in line with the law of human growth, the principle of Chinese medicine, juvenile re-nourishment, middle-aged re-tuning, the elderly re-protection, the oldest and the oldest and the most important extension. Therefore, the "winter tonic" should be based on the actual situation of targeted selection of clear tonic, warm tonic, small tonic, large tonic, not blindly "tonic".

Related proverbs

Winter thunder to reverse the spring (north)

Thunder hit the winter, ten cattle pen nine empty (north)

The date of the winter fog, winter water field point Luo (north)

The winter north winds ice and snow, winter winds no rain and snow (north)

The winter north winds ice and snow, winter winds no rain and snow (south)

Winter north winds ice and snow, winter winds no rain and snow (south)

The winter north winds ice and snow, winter winds no rain and snow (south)

The winter north winds ice and snow, winter winds no rain and snow (south)

It is cold on the day of the first winter, and there is much coldness in the year (in the north)

Plowing gold before the first winter, plowing silver after the first winter, and plowing iron after the first spring (meaning that the soil should be turned over early). (Hakka)

It is clear in the winter, and it rains in the winter, and it rains in the winter (Hakka)

When it rains in the winter, it will be rotten in the winter, and it will be empty when you have eaten all the firewood and rice. (Minnan)

The winter is full, the mouth is empty

Pick peppers in the fall, play walnuts in the white dew, put down persimmons in the frost, and eat soft jujubes in the winter

The northeast wind is in the winter, and the sky is good in the winter. (Minnan)

South wind and rain in winter, no withering (dry) soil in winter (Minnan)

Rain in winter to prevent rotten winter, no fish in winter to prevent spring drought (Minnan)

Chrysanthemum without rain to see the winter, no rain in winter, winter dry (Gan)

Chrysanthemum without rain to see the winter solstice, winter solstice, no rain in clear a winter (Min)

Lidong Xiaoxue is closely linked to the winter, the most important thing is to rectify the land before the winter. (Jiangnan)

Frost pickled cabbage. The winter is not to make cattle (North)

The west wind is loud, crab feet itch, crab winter, no trace of shadow (Jiangnan)

Winter does not eat cake, a dead a nook (South)

Winter wind, spring rain; the winter solstice wind, the summer solstice rain (Shanxi)

Winter planting peas, a bucket of a bucket of (South)

This year, the winter wheat cover three layers of covers, next year, the winter wheat cover three layers of covers. Winter wheat cover three layers of quilt, next year sleep on the pillow buns. (National)

On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year, you will freeze your chin off. (North)