Diabetes is gradually younger and more prevalent, we will be very worried about the diet, always concerned about what can effectively control sugar to reduce the risk of getting diabetes.

But just knowing what you can eat and what you can't eat is only scratching the surface. Changes in dietary patterns for the prevention of diabetes should be a holistic approach that requires a case-by-case approach rather than a simple and crude explanation of what can or cannot be eaten.

For example, it is common to think that sugar control means you can't eat sweets, but when you feel a little hypoglycemic after exercising or fasting for a long time, sweets are the food that can quickly restore the body, and this time it is much more useful than roughage, isn't it?

So, this article explains to you the prevention of diabetes diet is also a systematic diet, I hope that after reading this you can from "can eat" such a misunderstanding out of the change to the "I overall how to with the reasonable". Of course, there are some foods that you should be wary of.

Keyword 1: food diversity

The human body needs more than 40 kinds of nutrients, more than 100 kinds of health ingredients. The more variety you eat, the more nutrients you can consume and the better for your health.

The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2016 states that we should consume at least 12 types of food per day and about 25 types per week.

This includes: cereals and potatoes, meat, eggs, milk, beans and their products, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, and high-quality fats and oils.

Keyword 2: balanced diet

This means that the proportion of food nutrients eaten in the diet should be as close as possible to the pattern of our body's needs, for example, for the prevention of diabetes, we recommend that:

The proportion of carbohydrates: proteins: fats are 45-60%, 15-20%, 25-35%. Eat foods rich in dietary fiber, daily recommended dietary fiber intake: 10-14g/1000kcal.

How do you understand this exactly? For example, if a person's daily calorie requirement is 1500kcal, the amount of carbohydrate, protein and fat he needs per day is 187-243g/d, 56-75g/d, 33-50g/d, and the amount of dietary fiber is 15-21g/d.

I'm sure that a lot of people worry about going overboard on carbohydrates, after all, it has the greatest impact on blood sugar. Is there a way to know in case you go over carb? Of course, measuring the fluctuations in blood glucose, the odds are you'll know, so daily monitoring of blood glucose is especially important for prehyperglycemic patients.

Keyword 3: moderation and stop

This means that when we do food diversity, balanced diet, but also be sure to pay attention to the total amount, when the calorie exceeds the standard, caused by the body's overweight or even obesity, the body's metabolism and sugar control is very unhelpful.

Not to mention that many high-sugar patients themselves are already overweight or obese.

Keyword 4: small amount of meals

The fear of high sugar people is the fluctuation of blood sugar fluctuations, so that over time it is easy to cause some complications. In order to avoid high blood glucose levels after meals, reduce the burden on pancreatic islet cells, and avoid hypoglycemic symptoms at the peak of drug action, we recommend small, frequent meals that can be added between meals. For example, 10:00 a.m. or 3:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m.

Keyword 5: Limit Salt and Oil

In addition to controlling blood glucose, we also need to be vigilant about blood pressure and lipids, so foods that are high in oils and sodium should be limited in intake.

High-sodium foods: monosodium glutamate (MSG), soy sauce, flavored sauces, and pickled products.

High oil food: fried, puffed food. Such as barbecue, French fries, etc.

Keyword 6: change the way of cooking

The way food is cooked, especially staple food has a greater impact on blood sugar. For example: sticky and watery rice is going to have a higher glycemic index than hard secret recipes;

Milled cereal mixtures also have a higher glycemic index than intact grains. So the rawness, softness, hardness, thinness and particle size of the food determines the glycemic index of the food.

Generally the longer it is cooked, the smaller the particles, and the more water, the higher the glycemic index. So let's pay attention when we make staple food: try to make sure the complete particles, less water, harder, coarse and fine mix.

In addition to this, more vinegar, the staple vegetables, meat together, can reduce the glycemic index.

The following foods to be wary of (high calorie, high glycemic index):

1, wine. Alcohol is not recommended, first of all, it will increase the calorie intake, and secondly, drinking alcohol on an empty stomach may also trigger hypoglycemia.

2. Foods containing refined sugar, such as sweet drinks. The added sugar content is very high and has a high glycemic index, which can easily cause blood sugar fluctuations, as well as foods such as glucose, glucose syrup, maltose, and mealtose.

3. Sweeteners. There is no evidence that intake of sugar alcohols will reduce blood glucose, energy intake.

4. Refined white rice porridge/white bread/white bread/white noodles/fried dough/mashed potatoes/instant oatmeal, etc.

5. Some fruits. Such as candied fruit, raisins, etc.

Of course, when choosing, we also have to refer to the glycemic load GL, because some foods such as watermelon, although the glycemic index is high, but the carbohydrates contained in each 100g is very low, probably eat 2 pounds only and eat half a bowl of rice on the blood glucose impact is the same, so than the type of food, the amount of food is more important. As a further reminder, the glycemic profile of foods also varies from person to person, so dynamic monitoring is still quite important.

Well, with monitoring + a good lifestyle, I'm sure you'll feel more in control of your blood sugar, and your quality of life can improve quite a bit.

If through long-term dietary management is still not very good control of blood glucose, the development of diabetes, do not worry, in January 23, 2021, The Lancet published online "metabolic surgical treatment of diabetes versus conventional treatment in an open, single-center, randomized controlled trial of 10-year follow-up" clinical study, breaking the pattern of conventional treatment of type 2 diabetes [1-2]. This study provides the strongest scientific evidence to date that type 2 diabetes is curable, and demonstrates that type 2 diabetes in adults is not necessarily progressive or irreversible.

The medical community has unexpectedly discovered that "metabolic surgery" such as gastric reduction or gastrointestinal bypass, which was previously used for weight loss, can also be used to treat diabetes.

July 2016, the World Organization of Diabetology released global guidelines and the Chinese Medical Association Endocrinology Branch, Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch released "Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of obesity **** knowledge (2021 edition)" all included surgical metabolic surgery in the preferred option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 2021, January 23, The Lancet published online "metabolic surgery for diabetes mellitus treatment versus conventional treatment in an open, single-center, randomized controlled trial of 10-year follow-up" clinical study, breaking the conventional treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. study, which broke the mold of conventional treatment for type 2 diabetes [1-2]. This study provides the strongest scientific evidence to date that type 2 diabetes is curable, and demonstrates that type 2 diabetes in adults is not necessarily progressive or irreversible.

The advent of surgical metabolic surgery has given patients with type 2 diabetes a new option, but just as the treatment of diabetes needs to be customized, this procedure is not appropriate for all patients. The indications for metabolic surgery are relatively stringent, with strict requirements for BMI (body mass index), waist circumference, and age, and it can cause irreversible damage to the body.

However, new technologies are emerging, and laparoscopic surgical techniques are not alone; endoscopic interventions, which have the advantages of being less invasive, safer, and more reversible, are favored by more and more doctors and patients. Currently, the mainstream endoscopic interventions are:

I. Endoscopic "gastric diversion stent system" placement

"Gastric diversion stent system" is a painless gastroscopy in the duodenum and upper jejunum.

The Gastric Diversion Stent System (GDS) is a painless gastroscopic procedure in which a trocar is inserted into the duodenum and upper jejunum to isolate the food from the stomach, and the bile and pancreatic juices are isolated outside the trocar so that the bile and pancreatic juices and the food are diverted from each other and the digestion and absorption of the food is blocked.

This technology is more minimally invasive, easier to operate, does not damage the human body structure, can be removed, and can be re-installed compared to the traditional weight loss surgery metabolic surgery, etc. Clinical studies have been carried out in the domestic well-known tertiary hospitals, and from the results of the trials, it can be found that the "gastric diversion stent system" has been used in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. From the trial results, it can be found that the "Gastric Diverter Stent System" has shown significant intervention effects in the intervention studies of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and so on.

Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)

ESG mimics a surgical sleeve gastrectomy by reducing the length and width of the stomach with a full-layer suture within the gastric cavity to reduce gastric volume. Compared with metabolic surgical sleeve gastrectomy (SG), ESG has a relatively small rate of adverse events.

III. Duodenal Mucosal Remodeling

Hydrothermal ablation of approximately 10 cm of duodenal mucosa is performed using a balloon catheter, and the intestinal lining is reconstructed, with significant improvement in metabolic markers observed after reconstruction. Studies have reported significant improvements in body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, and hepatic lipoatrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 12 and 24 weeks after DMR treatment [3].

References:

[1] Geltrude Mingrone, et al., (2021). Metabolic surgery versus conventional medical therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: 10-year follow-up of an open-label, single-center, randomized controlled trial. the Lancet, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32649-0

[2] Alexander D Miras, Carel W le Roux.(2021). . Metabolic surgery versus conventional therapy in type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00129-X

[3] Mingrone G, van Baar AC, Devière J, et al. Safety and efficacy of hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing in patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled,multicentre revita-2 feasibility trial[J]. Gut, 2022, 71(2):254-264.