Iron-rich foods: breast milk, egg yolks, orange juice, vegetable juice, vegetable puree, liver puree, meat puree and iron-fortified foods (such as iron, fortified milk powder, rice flour, flour) and iron-fortified formula. Minced meat, fish, tofu, liver, lean meat, soy products, animal blood, millet, sorghum, corn, green leafy vegetables, yellow and red vegetables, black fungus, kelp, nori.
Common causes of anemia in children
A common form of anemia in children is iron deficiency anemia. This is due to:
(l) Insufficient congenital iron storage in the pediatric population. Normal full-term newborns get enough iron from their mothers to meet their hematopoietic needs for 3 to 4 months after birth. However, preterm birth, twin birth, fetal blood loss and maternal iron deficiency anemia, etc., can make the pediatric iron storage is insufficient.
(2) Insufficient iron intake. The newborn's diet is mainly human milk or cow's milk, and human milk and cow's milk are low in iron content, purely with dairy feeding without timely addition of complementary foods containing more iron, anemia is prone to occur.
(3) Growth and development decision. Infant growth and development is rapid. 3 ~ 5 months for the newborn weight of two times, one year old for the newborn weight of three times, if it is a preterm baby is more rapid weight gain. Due to the increase in body weight blood volume also increases rapidly, it is easy to occur iron deficiency, causing anemia.
(4) excessive iron loss. Normal infants daily excretion of milling more than adults, by the skin loss of iron is also relatively more, if there is an allergy to protein and small intestinal hemorrhage occurs, the loss of iron is more. In addition, some diseases such as chronic diarrhea, intussusception, intestines, polyps, etc. can increase iron consumption and cause anemia.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a small-cell hypochromic anemia caused by insufficient iron storage in the body, affecting hemoglobin synthesis. It is the most common type of anemia around the world, including our country.
The incidence of this disease is very high, almost all over the world, whether urban or rural, children, adults or the elderly can occur. In hookworm-endemic areas, the incidence is particularly high. According to the World Health Organization survey report, about 10% to 30% of the world's population have varying degrees of iron deficiency. The incidence of men is about 10%, women more than 20%. The prevalence rate is higher in Asia than in Europe.
The World Health Organization reported that half of the women in the Third World suffer from anemia due to malnutrition, known as nutritional anemia. The incidence in women, especially pregnant women, may be 10 times higher than in men. In addition to China, developing countries 464 million women of childbearing age (15-19 years old), about 230 million women with the disease, of which India may become the world's largest number of patients with anemia in the country, of which pregnant women accounted for about 60% to 80%. The main cause of malnutrition is firstly iron deficiency, followed by vitamin B12 deficiency. it can be seen that the incidence of such a wide range of geographic areas, women's prevalence of such a large number of very alarming, and deserves attention. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition anemia has become a worldwide concern.
Reasonable use of iron
Iron is an effective treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, but take improper, it will affect the efficacy and delay treatment. Therefore, the use of iron, must pay attention to the following points:
First, according to the severity of the disease, the rational use of iron
1. Mild anemia patients, the choice of ferrous sulfate, but if the patient at the same time suffering from gastrointestinal tract disorders or the patient is a serious reaction to the pregnant woman, it is not appropriate to choose ferrous sulfate, and should be used to dextran ferric anhydride, because of ferrous sulfate has a greater gastrointestinal tract irritation.
2. In patients with severe anemia, the use of iron dextrose anhydride can quickly alleviate the lack of iron needed for hematopoiesis and prevent complications such as heart disease.
3. Infants and young children with anemia, it is appropriate to use ferric ammonium citrate syrup.
Second, grasp the effective time to take medication
Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum, due to the food can slow down gastrointestinal peristalsis, prolonging the iron in the duodenal section of the residence time, iron in the meal 30 minutes to serve as the best. This will not only increase the amount of iron absorption, but also greatly reduce the stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Thirty minutes after meals, gastric acid secretion is vigorous, which is conducive to iron absorption. In recent years, the hour pharmacokinetic study found that 7:00 p.m. to take iron than 7:00 a.m. to take the absorption rate to increase by a factor of 1, so every day at 7:00 p.m. is the best time to take iron.
Third, precautions
1. During the period of taking iron supplements, you should eat more fructose, fruits, fruit juices and a variety of acidic diets, in order to promote the absorption of iron.
2. Vitamin C and dilute hydrochloric acid can be taken at the same time, in regular doses, to help iron absorption.
3. Rutin, tetracyclines, neomycin, allopurinol, chloramphenicol, cholestyramine, cholestyramine, metformin, penicillamine, vitamin E, hydrazine phenylpyridazine, aspirin, compound danshen tablets, pancreatic enzymes, oral contraceptives, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, furylnitramine, propylenetramine, and antacid herbs containing calcium and magnesium ions should be prohibited when taking iron supplements.
4. Avoid drinking tea, because tea contains tannins that can combine with iron, affecting iron absorption.
5. Iron supplements for children should be authorized by a doctor.
6. Iron can combine with hydrogen sulfide in the intestines to form a black iron sulfide precipitate, so the patient will discharge black feces after taking iron supplements, which should be told to the patient beforehand so as to avoid the patient's misunderstanding and unnecessary tension.
Fourth, the course of treatment
After taking iron supplements, generally 1 to 2 months can return to normal. However, it must be noted that, even if normalization is not yet stopped, at least 1 month to continue to serve, and then reduce the amount of maintenance for 2 to 3 months, so as to truly restore the body's normal level of iron stores. Otherwise, once you stop taking iron supplements, the anemia will return, and the treatment will have to start all over again.
Attentive parents to give their children to eat a "blood dish"
Today, children's iron deficiency anemia in addition to obesity, myopia in addition to a new child affluent disease. Doctors pointed out that the diet structure is unreasonable, picky eating and partiality is an important cause of children suffering from iron deficiency anemia.
Doctors said, iron deficiency anemia children in addition to a few congenital physical effects, the main reason is also related to the usual diet and lifestyle. Many children like to drink yogurt after waking up, eat chocolate, some children get up early in the morning on an empty stomach to drink frozen milk, eat fruit, there are parents who do not have the habit of eating breakfast, the child also often do not eat breakfast, with their parents late to bed and early to get up every day the child does not have time to eat a good breakfast, and in the long run will also suffer from iron deficiency anemia.
Teens and young people suffering from iron deficiency anemia who do not make up for iron in a timely manner can experience a decline in physical strength, memory loss, cellular immunity levels, and other symptoms, easily induced by colds, bronchitis and other upper respiratory tract infections. The easiest way to focus on blood replenishment is to let your child eat more iron-rich foods to increase hematocrit. These foods are mainly lean meat, pork liver, egg yolk, kelp, chicken liver, nori, shiitake mushrooms and soy products.
Animal liver: liver is rich in various nutrients and is the preferred food for preventing iron deficiency anemia. Every 100 grams of liver contains 25 mg of iron, and easier to be absorbed by the body. Such as liver puree is very easy for children to eat.
Egg yolk: every 100 grams of egg yolk containing 7 mg of iron, although the iron absorption rate of only 3%, but the egg raw materials are easy to get, easy to eat and save, but also rich in other nutrients, so it is still one of the sources of iron supplementation for children.
Soybean and its products: every 100 grams of soybean and soybean flour containing 11 mg of iron, the human body absorption rate of 7%.
Sesame seed paste: sesame seed paste is rich in various nutrients, is an excellent children's nutritional food. Each 100 grams of sesame paste contains 58 mg of iron, but also rich in calcium, phosphorus, protein and fat.
Doctors warn that the iron in some foods is actually absorbed in lower amounts due to phytic acid interference. The foods that best fit the bill are pig liver, chicken and duck blood soup, lean meat, fish and shrimp. In addition to this, eating a tomato or drinking a glass of orange juice before a meal can exponentially increase the absorption of iron, while drinking tea before and after a meal will greatly inhibit the body's absorption of iron.
Doctors have given a recipe for anemia: spinach and wolfberry porridge, which can be used by parents to learn how to do the same thing.
Raw materials: spinach 100 grams, wolfberry 15 grams, 100 grams of corn.
Production: spinach, even the root of the wash, into the pot of boiling water, blanch, fish out, yards after the spinach cut into small pieces (0.5 cm or less), into a bowl standby. Corn, wolfberry wash clean, into the casserole, add water, large fire after boiling, change to small fire simmering for 1 hour, to be corn crisp, mix into the spinach small chopped section, mix evenly, add salt, monosodium glutamate, and then cook to boiling, dripping into the sesame oil, stirring evenly into the.
How to use: Daily morning and evening food.
Effects: Nourishes the liver and kidney, nourishes blood and strengthens the spleen. It is especially suitable for young children during the growth period and adolescents with anemia.
"Wealthy people" should also prevent anemia
It is well known that anemia in the past is a "poor disease", but some recent surveys have found that living conditions are better, anemia is not reduced, but instead there is a rising trend. The reason for this is that people's dietary structure changes, meat, dairy increased, compared to vegetables and fruits but eat too little.
This kind of anemia caused by irrational diet structure and too little vegetable intake is very common among fast food people and teenage children nowadays. We only pay attention to the intake of meat and dairy, basically to ensure that the intake of protein and iron is sufficient, but only protein and iron is not enough, the lack of vegetables and fruits in the b vitamins (folic acid and vitamin b6, b12) and vitamin c, the same will lead to anemia. b vitamins, the main role of the hematopoietic system to promote the maturation of the blood and the synthesis of hemoglobin, and its lack of hemoglobin can not be synthesized properly; vitamin c can help food maturation and the synthesis of hemoglobin, and its lack of hemoglobin. Vitamin C helps iron in food to bind with ferritin in the blood and promotes the absorption and utilization of iron, and its deficiency will result in the inability to absorb and utilize iron even if sufficient iron is consumed. Therefore, eating more vegetables and fruits is crucial to preventing anemia.
So, from the diet exactly how to prevent anemia? It is recommended that we do the following: do a balanced diet, food diversity. Pay attention to the proportion of meat, milk, grains, fruits and vegetables, meat and vegetables, not partial food.
Attention to supplement iron, b vitamins and vitamin C.
Iron-rich and highly absorbed foods are: animal blood, liver, lean meat, eggs, beans, green leafy vegetables, fruits, kelp, black fungus, peanuts, walnuts, lentils, oatmeal, pea yolks, oysters, beef jerky and so on.
Foods rich in folic acid, vitamins b6 and b12 include: green fresh vegetables, fruits, peanut kernels, yeast, soy products, and animal liver and kidney.
Foods rich in vitamin c include: fresh vegetables and fruits such as chili peppers, spinach, tomatoes, leeks, kiwis, dates, mandarin oranges, red fruits, grapefruit, strawberries and oranges.
Correcting bad habits. Alcoholism is a great depletion of b vitamins; excessive dieting often leads to a variety of nutrient deficiencies; and a penchant for strong tea can greatly affect iron absorption.
Improve cooking methods. A bit of acidity in the food can help iron absorption. In addition, in the preparation of spinach and other vegetables containing more oxalic acid and phytic acid, first blanch in hot water to remove the oxalic acid and phytic acid, and then stir-fried or mixed with food can also greatly improve the rate of iron absorption.
What is the best medicine for iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia (also called nutritional anemia) is a common disease in infants and young children, which is triggered by the lack of iron necessary for blood production. According to a survey, the incidence of anemia in infants and children under 6 years old is 20% to 40%.
Iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed when the hemoglobin of infants and young children under 6 years old (excluding newborns) is less than 110 grams per liter. Causes of iron deficiency anemia are mainly: ① infants and young children rapid growth and development, iron needs increase, especially premature babies. ② Iron deficiency in the diet. Infants 3 to 4 months later, iron from the mother has been exhausted, and dairy-based diet contains very little iron, can not meet its growth needs. ③ Excessive loss of iron, such as anal fissure, intestinal polyps, hookworm and other causes of small, chronic blood loss. ④ Others such as diarrhea, acute and chronic infections.
Recommended: taking vitamins, please pay attention to a few points of your vitamins effective
Anemic children's symptoms are usually manifested as: pale skin and mucous membranes, lips, nail beds and oral mucosa is most pronounced; easy to feel fatigue, less movement; anorexia, and even heterophilia (like to eat dirt, wall ash, etc.). In severe anemia, there will be enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, and enlarged heart. Moreover, before the emergence of anemia, children have been irritable, hyperactivity, inattention, slow reaction, poor memory, low IQ and other manifestations, but these manifestations often failed to attract the attention of parents and attention.
When the hemoglobin is between 100 to 110 grams/liter can be treated by diet, that is, usually eat more iron-rich and high iron absorption rate of food, such as animal liver, lean pork, soybeans and soybean products. Animal liver per 100 grams of iron 25 mg, the absorption rate can reach about 22%; red meat, such as lean pork, lean beef per 100 grams of iron were 2.4 mg and 3.2 mg, the absorption rate can also reach 22%; animal blood, per 100 grams of iron 3 to 4 mg, the absorption rate of 12%. In addition, soybeans and soybean products in the iron content is not low, per 100 grams of soybeans containing iron 11 mg, the absorption rate of 7%, usually should be eaten regularly. In particular, it should be noted that, although the yolk of the higher iron content, but the absorption rate of only 3%, so usually eat more yolk, not the best food for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia.
When the hemoglobin is below 100-110 g/l, it needs to be treated with iron, and the commonly used ones are ferrous sulfate and iron fumarate. Iron will stimulate the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other adverse reactions, which can lead to the patient can not tolerate and stop the treatment in the middle, the anemia can not be corrected. In recent years, animal experimental studies have concluded that taking iron supplements for 2 days every 3 days or a week for iron deficiency anemia has the same efficacy as taking iron supplements every day. The results after clinical application also confirmed the above effect, and less side effects, can adhere to the treatment, so that the hemoglobin rises to more than 100 grams / liter.
Infants and young children every 3 days or 2 days a week to take the dose of iron treatment, should be based on elemental iron per kilogram of body weight 4 to 6 mg (the same as the general amount of treatment) of the standard. To be more specific, the dose of ferrous sulfate is 0.15-0.30 grams per day for infants and children, and 0.30-0.60 grams per day for children; the dose of ferrous succinate is 0.15-0.30 grams per day for infants and children and 0.20-0.40 grams per day for children; the dose of ferrous gluconate is 0.30-0.50 grams per day for infants and children and 0.60-1.20 grams per day for children. The dose of ferrous gluconate is 0.30-0.50 grams per day for infants and 0.60-1.20 grams per day for children.
Taking vitamin C at the same time as iron can promote the absorption of iron, but should be avoided at the same time as milk, tea, coffee, so as not to affect the absorption of iron. After about 4 to 6 weeks of treatment, hemoglobin reaches the normal value still need to continue to take 4 to 6 weeks, so that the iron in the body to store part of the body, in order to prevent due to infections or gastrointestinal diseases and affect iron absorption, triggered by re-anemia.