1, recite the text and write from memory.

2. Knowledge points:

Learning Chess is selected from the stories of Mencius Gao Zi and Learning Chess, which shows that you should concentrate on your study and not be half-hearted. Two Children Arguing about the Sun is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. This story reflects the attitude of two children who are observant, reasonable and realistic.

Step 3 take notes

(1) word, word:

Yi: Playing chess. Across the country: the whole country. Teaching: teaching. Listen to Qiu Yi: Listen to Qiu Yi.

Honghu Lake: Swan. Auxiliary: guide and pull. Everyone: Together. I: Yes. For: Because.

His refers to the latter person.

Debate: to argue, argue. Answer: Yes. Go: Leave. Japan and China: noon. And: to.

Cang Cang Liang: Describe the feeling of coolness. Warehouse: It means cold. Soup exploration: reach into the hot water. It means it's very hot. Soup: Hot water. Decision: judgment. Who: Who? Ru: You.

★ The meanings of several "zhi" in the text

(2) Sentence:

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this.

I've been close to people since the sun, but I've alienated people since I arrived in Japan.

I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out and farther away at noon.

Who is Zhihu?

Who said you were knowledgeable?

Lesson 2 "Hurry" (Prose)

1, recite the text.

2. Knowledge points:

The author of Hurry is Zhu Ziqing, a famous prose master. His famous essays include In a hurry, Behind, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and so on. This paper closely follows the word "hurry", describes the trace of the passage of time delicately, and expresses the author's helplessness and regret over the passage of time.

3. Understand this sentence:

(1) Swallows have gone, but they will come again. Willow withered, there is a time to green again; The peach blossom withered, but it blossomed again. But, smart, tell me, why are our days gone forever?

Parallelism shows that the prosperity of nature is the trace of time flying. "Why are our days gone forever?" Seemingly inquiring, it actually expresses the author's helplessness over the passage of time and his deep memory of the past days.

(2) Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea, my days are dripping in the stream of time, without sound or shadow.

Metaphorical sentences. Compare your past 8,000 days to a drop of water on the tip of a needle, and compare the flow of time to the vast sea. Time flies so quickly, silently and without a trace, which shows the author's very helpless sadness.

(3) When washing hands, the days pass from the basin; When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; When I was silent, I passed by my eyes.

Based on the details of people's daily life, the author shows that days come and go inadvertently in life.

(4) The past days are like light smoke, dispersed by breeze and evaporated by Chu Yang, such as mist; What traces did I leave?

Unique metaphor and novel association. The days are so short.

4. Recite the Song of Tomorrow.

5. Sentences about cherishing time:

(1) An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold can't buy an inch of time.

(2) Time flies, the sun and the moon fly.

(3) Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn.

Lesson 3 "Redwood" (Writing Features: Metaphor by Things)

2, the understanding of the sentence:

(1) Strangely, he comes here irregularly, once every three days, once every five days, and sometimes once every ten days. The amount of water is not certain, sometimes more water, sometimes less water.

This sentence is about a strange way of planting trees. There are two strange things: first, the time of coming is uncertain, and it comes every three to five days; Second, the amount of watering is uncertain and the duration is short. The author compares the growth of orange saplings to the growth of people, and writes out the seedling raising method that the tree planters let the trees learn to find water in the land by themselves, which shows the important significance of enduring the test of life and overcoming dependence in a difficult environment for people's growth.

(2) Not only trees, but also people. People who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life and exercise an independent heart.

The "uncertainty" here refers to some unpredictable bumps, twists and turns and hardships in life. Only by enduring the ups and downs of life can you become a strong person and a successful person.

(3) The redwoods will not wither if the tree planters stop coming.

Because the purpose of planting trees is to make trees adapt to the environment, transform few nutrients into huge energy, stand the wind and rain, learn to find water in the land, take root deeply and grow sturdily. As the tree planter wishes, mahogany will not wither now, which shows that he has planted trees successfully.

Review. Extended I

1, accumulate over a long period: the motto of life philosophy

2, Handan toddler metaphor blindly imitate others, not only can not learn skills, but also lost the original skills.

Lesson 6 Beijing Spring Festival

Author: Lao She. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Manchu, his masterpieces include Camel Xiangzi, My Life, Four Generations in a Family, Under the Red Flag and so on. Lao She's language style: Beijing flavor, easy to understand and humorous.

The Spring Festival in Beijing is written in chronological order. In this way, I want to briefly introduce the custom of New Year in old Beijing. The advantages are the combination of point and surface, outstanding focus and clear focus, which left a deep impression on the Spring Festival in Beijing.

Review. Extended II

1, accumulate over a long period

2, different winds in a hundred miles, different customs in a thousand miles.

3. "January 1st" is about New Year's Eve, and "Guizi in Tianzhu Temple on August 15th" is about Mid-Autumn Festival. China's traditional festivals include Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Begging for Skills Festival. The poems describing China's traditional festivals include: "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festival"; "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls."

Lesson 10 Memories of Sixteen Years ago (Memoirs)

Memories of 16 years ago, through Li Dazhao's memories, are described in the order of before arrest, at the time of arrest, in court and after murder. Before his arrest, he wrote his father's burning documents and books, and the worker Yan Zhensan was arrested, reflecting the sinister form and the danger of the situation; When he was arrested, he wrote about the enemy's guilt, cruelty and his father's calmness; The court described Li Dazhao as calm and calm; After being killed, he wrote down the great grief of the whole family.

The article shows the great spirit of revolutionary martyrs' loyalty to the revolutionary cause and the noble quality of being firm and unyielding in the face of the enemy, and expresses the author's admiration and deep nostalgia for his father.

3. Understand this sentence:

(1) My father is very kind. He never scolds us, let alone hits us. I always like to ask my father a lot of childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he is, he is always interested in my questions and always tells me patiently. This time, I don't know why my father gave me such a vague answer.

It can be seen from this sentence that my father is usually very kind and patient; This time, he answered me impatiently and vaguely, because the situation was very serious at that time, and it was not the time to talk to the children, so I couldn't make myself clear in a few words. Here, I wrote about Li Dazhao's kindness to his relatives and his seriousness in his work.

(2) The situation is getting more and more severe, and my father's work is getting more and more tense. His friends advised him to leave Beijing, and his mother advised him several times. The father said firmly to his mother, "Didn't I always tell you?" I can't leave Beijing easily. You need to know what time it is and how important the work here is. How can I leave? "Mother had to say nothing more.

Li Dazhao regards revolutionary work as more important than anything else. It embodies his spirit of being highly responsible for the revolution.

(3) In court, we met our father. Father still wears his old gray cotton gown, but he doesn't wear glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his unkempt long hair.

It can be seen from this sentence that although my father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "No glasses" and "unkempt long hair" indicate that the enemy punished Li Dazhao severely, "calmness" indicates that Li Dazhao is still strong after being brutally tortured, and "kindness" reflects Li Dazhao's love for his loved ones.

4. The connection between the last three paragraphs of the text and the beginning is: echo from beginning to end. The advantage of this writing is to make the article look compact, and at the same time highlight the author's thoughts and feelings of remembering his father's murder.

Lesson 12 "Serving the People" (Argumentative Paper)

1, recite the full text.

Serving the people is an argumentative paper. The author of this article is Mao Zedong, who delivered a speech in memory of Zhang Side. At the beginning of the article, it clearly put forward the purpose of China's * * * production party and its Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army-to serve the people completely and thoroughly; Then combined with the current reality, this paper expounds how to serve the people comprehensively and thoroughly from three aspects: first, establish the concept of life and death of "dying for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai"; Second, treat criticism correctly, adhere to the good and correct the wrong for the benefit of the people; Third, do a good job in unity, overcome difficulties, improve courage, love each other and unite the whole people.

3. Understand this sentence:

(1) Our * * production party and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by the * * * production party are revolutionary ranks. Our team is completely for the liberation of the people and works thoroughly for the interests of the people.

Point out the theme at the beginning of the article. The whole article shows that serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the party and the revolutionary army. No matter what we do, our team will 100% serve the people at any time. Complete meaning: there is no other purpose except serving the people; Thoroughness means carrying it out to the end.

(2) Our cadres should care about every soldier, and everyone in the revolutionary ranks should care about, love and help each other.

This sentence means that people in the revolutionary ranks come together for a common goal. Therefore, cadres and soldiers should care for each other, love each other and help each other. Only in this way can we better unite and work together to achieve our goals.

4, * * * a few words? What does each sentence mean? How are sentences connected?

Because we serve the people, we are not afraid of being criticized for our shortcomings. Whoever it is will point it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. What you say is good for the people, so we will do as you say.

This passage is three sentences. The first sentence is that we welcome criticism, the second sentence is that we welcome criticism from anyone, and the third sentence is that we accept criticism from anyone as long as it is correct. Sentences are closely related and their meanings are progressive. By analyzing the related words in this passage, it can be further clarified that there is only one criterion to measure whether criticism is correct or not, that is, whether it is in the interests of the people. Anyone who accepts correct criticism has only one purpose, that is, to serve the people.

Review. Information piece 3

2. The characters in Red Rock are: Jie Jiang, Hua, and Radish Head. ...

Revolutionary novels

Liu Zhixia's Flying Tigers; "Red Sun", by Wu Qiang; Xu Guangyao's Private Zhang Ga; Wang Yuanjian's Little Guerrilla; Hong Haier, Zhang Pincheng.

Lesson 14 The Little Match Girl

This text is a famous fairy tale by Danish writer Andersen. It tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve. Features: realism and fiction alternate, beautiful illusion and cruel reality alternate, highlighting the tragic fate of the little girl

Thumbelina, The Daughter of the Sea and The Ugly Duckling are also Andersen's works.

3. The article "Little Match Girl" focuses on the little girl lighting matches five times, and four visions appeared in front of her eyes. The first time I saw a warm stove, because the little girl was cold and she longed for warmth. The second time I saw the delicious roast goose, because the little girl was hungry and she longed for food. I saw the beautiful Christmas tree for the third time, because the little girl was in great pain and she longed for happiness. The fourth time I met my kind grandmother, because the little girl was lonely and she longed for love.

4. Understand this sentence:

(1) flew to a place where there was no pain of cold and hunger.

The little girl died in a wonderful illusion. No longer have to endure cold, hunger and pain.

(2) How happy she is. She followed her grandmother to a happy New Year. What do you mean by two "happiness"? )

The former's "happiness" is that the little girl spent her life in a beautiful illusion before she died, and she was happy; The latter "happiness" is that when the little girl dies, she will be completely happy without cold, hunger and pain. Through these two "happiness", we can feel the author's depressed sadness, his deep sympathy for the poor and his strong dissatisfaction with the social reality of the disparity between the rich and the poor.

Lesson 15 "Meal Card"

Through the fact that Fanka wrote to Grandpa, the text reflected the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the czar's rule and exposed the darkness of the social system at that time.

In his letter, Fanka confided his unbearable miserable apprenticeship to Grandpa, and repeatedly begged Grandpa to take him out of here and go back to the countryside, and recalled two scenes of rural life: one was the scene of Grandpa's vigil; The second scene is Christmas.

This paper has two characteristics in expression: first, when talking about Fanka's tragic experience, the author's narrative, Fanka's letter and his memories in the process of writing letters are intertwined and set off each other. Secondly, it adopts the expressions of contrast, contrast and suggestion.

Review. Expand 4

1, "accumulate over a long period".

2. Knowledge points:

The Little Match Girl by Danish writer Andersen, Fanka by Russian writer Chekhov, Robinson Crusoe by British writer Defoe and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by American writer Mark Twain.

Lesson 18 "A Hundred Years of Beauty"

1. The "hundred years" in the title refers to eternity. Madame Curie's great discovery has made eternal contributions to society, and her excellent quality and personality spirit are eternal.

3. Understand this sentence:

(1) This precious personality and lofty pursuit made Marie Curie discover the meaning of life almost at the same time as this great natural discovery.

"This great natural discovery" means that Madame Curie discovered radium, a radioactive metal element, and "discovered the meaning of life" means that Madame Curie realized that the value of life lies not in youth, beauty, money and reputation, but in making contributions to science and mankind.

(2) She changed from a beautiful little girl, a dignified and determined female scholar, to a new term "radiation" in science textbooks, to a new unit of measurement in physics, to a series of scientific laws, and she became an eternal milestone in the history of science.

The "change" here is a promotion of life value and a leap in the realm of life. The four "changes" summed up Madame Curie's struggle life and immortal achievements.

Lesson 20 Truth is born after a hundred question marks.

"Truth is born after a hundred question marks" is the main point of the text. This paper expounds with facts that as long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently looking for the source, you can find the truth in real life.

Examples of Theory of Three Represents's theory in the history of scientific development are cited: First, Professor Xie Piluo found problems in the whirlpool of bath water, and through repeated experimental research, it was found that the rotation direction of the whirlpool of water was related to the rotation of the earth; Second, Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn petals red. After many experiments, he finally invented the acid-base test paper. Thirdly, Austrian doctors infer from the phenomenon of rolling their eyes when their sons are dreaming, and after repeated observation and analysis, they get the general rule that all sleepers say they are dreaming when rolling their eyes.

3. Understand this sentence:

(1) Put "?"at the end Straighten to "!" , found the truth.

"?" Here is a problem of discovery, a constant problem, "!" It is through exploration, confusion and discovery of the truth. The advantage of this writing is that this sentence expresses an abstract truth in an intuitive and vivid way, leaving a deep impression on people.

(2) People who are good at "asking what's next" have discovered, invented, created and achieved something.

The image of "ask what's next" expresses the spirit of perseverance and constant exploration. The words "discovery", "invention", "creation" and "achievement" are arranged in descending order of harvest, which also shows that ordinary things contain truth and great achievements, and only those who ask what is next can do it.

(3) As long as you know a little, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks.

The meaning of "seeing the micro-knowledge": when you see the signs of things, you can know the nature of their development trends or problems. This sentence adopts the sentence pattern of "as long as ..."

Review. Unfold five

1, accumulate over a long period

2. "Give up the basics" is a metaphor for not grasping the main problems and only paying attention to the details.