1, preventive measures
1, open the windows regularly natural ventilation, can effectively reduce the number of microorganisms in the indoor air, improve the quality of indoor air.
2, available vinegar spray or fumigation for indoor air disinfection. You should not spit on the ground.
3, personal hygiene products do not mix, personal supplies towels, toothbrushes, tableware should be regularly disinfected or replaced. Change, wash and dry clothes and bedding regularly.
4, sneezing, coughing and cleaning the nose should be covered with toilet paper, used toilet paper should not be thrown anywhere.
5, vaccination. Common infectious diseases now generally have a vaccine for planned artificial automatic immunization is the main link in the prevention of various types of infectious diseases, preventive vaccines are the best positive means of blocking the occurrence of infectious diseases.
6, reasonable diet, easy to light, high vitamin, it is advisable to eat more food rich in high-quality protein and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, jujubes, honey and fresh vegetables, fruits and so on.
7, before and after meals, as well as out of the return must be in accordance with the prescribed procedures to wash their hands.
8, strengthen exercise, enhance immunity. Spring human metabolism began to flourish, it is a good time to exercise, actively participate in sports, regular exercise to enhance resistance.
9, regular life. Combination of work and rest, to ensure sleep, to improve their own resistance is quite important.
10, do not avoid medical treatment. Because of the spring infectious diseases in the early stages of more than a cold-like symptoms, easy to be ignored, so the body has not adapted to timely medical care, especially with fever, rash symptoms, should be clearly diagnosed as soon as possible, timely treatment. If there is a case of infectious disease, isolation measures should be taken immediately to avoid the expansion of the scope.
11, clothing, food details to pay attention to. Spring climate change, the first warm and cold, timely increase or decrease in clothing. To reduce the stimulation of the respiratory tract, to drink more water.
12, usually to minimize the number of people, crowded, especially poorly ventilated public **** place.
13, follow the traditional law of spring and autumn, do not rush to take off the winter clothes in early spring, especially pay attention to foot warmth, according to the weather changes and physical condition, the right time to increase or decrease the clothes.
14, drink more boiled water, is conducive to the body's toxin excretion, purify the internal environment.
15, do not eat all kinds of raw seafood and meat, and eat fruit with skin, do not drink raw water.
16, do not casually dump garbage, do not casually pile up garbage, garbage should be classified and unified destruction.
17, avoid contact with infectious patients, try not to infectious diseases epidemic areas. Fever or other discomforts in a timely manner to seek medical attention, the best to wear a mask to the hospital, back to the dormitory after washing their hands to avoid cross-infection.
18, infectious patients have used the items and rooms properly disinfected, such as drying clothes and quilts under the sun, room door handles, desktop, floor with chlorine disinfectant spray, wipe.
19, regular use of a variety of air disinfectant spray wine room.
20, pay attention to the indoor environment temperature, humidity, air freshness. Temperature at 18-20 ℃, humidity at 50-60% is most suitable, open the window 3-4 times a day, each time about 15 minutes or so, every day with a wet cloth to wipe the floor of the table, so that the indoor air is fresh and moist.
2, common spring infectious disease type
1, epidemic cute bubble
Epidemic cute bubble referred to as influenza, is caused by the influenza virus acute respiratory infectious disease, has a strong contagious. The influenza virus is divided into three types: A, B, and C. The influenza viruses are classified into three types: A, B, and C.
Transmission: air droplet direct transmission, but also through the virus contaminated items indirect transmission.
Main symptoms: people will have fever, body aches, sore throat, cough and other symptoms.
Susceptible people: the population is generally susceptible to influenza, there is a certain degree of immunity after the disease, but the maintenance of the time is not long, the virus is constantly mutating, which can cause repeated infections and illnesses.
2, measles
Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus, mainly in the winter and spring. Anyone who has not been vaccinated against measles, more than 90% will develop the disease after contact, and the incidence of 1-5-year-old children is the highest.
Transmission: the patient is the only source of infection, the patient's conjunctiva, nose, mouth, pharynx and other places of secretions (such as tears, nasal mucus, sputum, etc.), as well as urine and blood in the presence of measles virus.
Main Symptoms: According to medical research, the incubation period for measles is half a month, with initial symptoms like a cold, but with more serious symptoms such as red eyes, swollen eyelids, tearing, fear of light, sneezing and coughing. A rose-colored maculopapular rash begins behind the ears on the 4th day, and within 2-3 days the rash spreads over the entire body, then recedes and flakes off. Other symptoms gradually subside.
Population susceptibility: The population is generally susceptible, mostly in infants and young children, but in recent years due to widespread vaccination against measles, the age of onset of the disease has a tendency to move back.
3, chickenpox
Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella zoster virus. Chickenpox patients are mostly children aged 1-14 years. It is most likely to occur and be prevalent in kindergartens and elementary schools. Although chickenpox is an acute infection, it is usually mild and does not cause serious complications.
Transmission: Chickenpox is mainly transmitted through droplets via the respiratory tract, and may also be transmitted through contact with dust, clothing, and utensils contaminated with the virus.
Main symptoms: chickenpox virus infection of the human body, after about 2 weeks of incubation period, the patient can appear headache, general malaise, fever, loss of appetite and other pre-symptoms, followed by the appearance of a characteristic red rash, then become papules, and then blisters, often accompanied by itching, 1-2 days after the beginning of the drying scabs, scabs continue to fall off for about a week. The rash is most common on the trunk, followed by the head and face, less common on the limbs, and even less common on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Susceptible people: the population is generally susceptible. It is common in children aged 2-10 years, and a single episode can result in a high level of lifelong immunity.
4, rubella
Rubella is an acute respiratory infection caused by rubella virus.
Transmission: the source of infection is mainly patients and congenital rubella children, patients nasopharyngeal secretions (such as snot, sputum, etc.), blood and urine with the virus, mainly through the air droplet transmission, can be infected with the disease throughout the year, with winter and spring is more. Rubella virus can also infect the fetus through the placenta, and if a pregnant woman is infected with the disease during pregnancy, it can lead to fetal malformation.
Main symptoms: characterized by low-grade fever, mild inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, red maculopapular rash and swollen lymph nodes behind the ears and occipital region, rubella may cause congenital malformation of the fetus if the pregnant woman is infected in the early stage of pregnancy.
The susceptible population: it occurs in children aged 1-5 years, women of childbearing age; adults are occasionally infected.
5. Mumps
Mumps, also known as mumps, is an acute respiratory infectious disease that spreads through droplets. Mumps is an acute respiratory infection spread by droplets. It occurs easily in winter and spring, and mostly in children.
Transmission: the patient is the only source of infection, mainly through the droplet infection, a few indirectly through the utensils, infectious.
Main symptoms: most of the disease has an acute onset, with fever, chills, headache, sore throat and other general symptoms. Patients with one or both sides of the parotid gland under the ear is enlarged, painful, more painful when chewing. Complications include meningitis, myocarditis, ovaritis or orchitis. The whole course of the disease is about 7-12 days.
Susceptible population: mostly children and adolescents from 5 to 15 years old. Lifelong immunity can be obtained after one infection.