Classification of families and genera

Boundary: plant kingdom/plant kingdom

Gate: Angiosperm Gate/Magnolia Gate

Class: Monocotyledons/Liliaceae

Uses: Araceae or Alismata.

Family: Araceae/Araceae

Genus: calla lily/calla lily

Subsubfamily: calla lilisubfamily/calla lilisubfamily

Calla lily is a bulbous flower of Araceae, and it is one of the emerging flowers in recent years. As fresh cut flowers, the market demand is great and the prospect is broad. Because of its green leaves, horseshoe-shaped huge white buds and peculiar shapes, it is an important cut flower at home and abroad and has a wide range of uses. [Edit this paragraph] Calla lily is native to rivers or swamps in southern Africa. China is distributed in Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian and Hebei.

Arima

Calla lily flower language: fraternity, holiness and piety

The flower language of calla lily is eternal, representing nobility, dignity, hope and nobility.

The flower language of calla lily is pure friendship.

The flower language of calla lily is pure and flawless.

Calla lily: elegant temperament

Calla lily: elegance

The white calla lily is elegant and beautiful, and its flower language is "loyalty and unity".

Calla lily: It symbolizes "piety, eternal unity and good luck".

The red calla lily symbolizes holiness and piety, eternal unity and good luck.

Symbol of pink calla lily: Love you all your life [edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics of perennial herbs. It has a succulent tuber with a plant height of about1-2.50m.. Leaves are stem-shaped, with long stalks, and petioles are generally twice as long as leaves. The upper part is angular and the lower part is sheath-shaped. The leaves are oval and arrow-shaped, and the leaves are bright green. Pedicel attached to the leaf, higher than the leaf, spikes around the Buddha flame, very large, horseshoe-shaped. Spikes are cylindrical and bright yellow, with stamens in the upper part and pistils in the lower part. The fruit is fleshy and wrapped in a Buddha flame bag. The natural flowering period lasts from 1 1 to June of the following year, and the whole flowering period is 6 -7 months, which is at the peak of flowering. Seeds can be received in places with suitable climatic conditions, and generally there are few mature fruits.

Growth habit

Native to southern Africa, it is often found near rivers or swamps. I prefer warm climate to cold and high temperature, and the optimum growth temperature is about 20℃. At 0℃, the roots will freeze to death. Winter needs plenty of sunshine, and flowers with insufficient illumination are slightly tolerant to shade. In summer, the sun is too strong and too hot, which is suitable for shading. It likes humidity, a little water will not affect its growth, but it is not drought-tolerant. It likes loose, fertile and humus. But it doesn't hibernate all the year round in subtropical areas where Leng Xia is not hot in winter. [Edit this paragraph] At present, there are mainly three kinds of widely cultivated varieties. (1) The tubers of calla lily in Taiwan Province are small and grow slowly, but they bloom early, with many flowers, white pedicels and large and round spathe. (2) The pedicel base of calla lily in Taiwan Province is slightly reddish, and it blooms a little later than that of calla lily in Taiwan Province. Flowering late. Pedicels are thick and slightly triangular. The spatula is pointed, rolled back, yellow and white, and smaller than the above two. In addition, there are common cultivated species in the same genus, such as calla lily: dark yellow, flowering in July-August, dormant in winter; Calla lily: short, blooming in June; Calla lily with silver leaves: the leaves are white patches, the spathe is white or light yellow, and the base is purple spots. Flowering in July-August, dormant in winter. Black-hearted calla lily: dark yellow with black spots on the throat. [Edit this paragraph] The propagation and cultivation (1) is mainly divided into balls. After the plants enter dormancy, the bulbs around the tubers are peeled off and planted separately. You can also sow and propagate, and plant the seeds in a pot as soon as they are mature. The optimum temperature for germination is about 20℃.

(2) The cultivation of calla lily is generally planted after autumn. The row spacing between beds is 25cm, and the plant spacing is10cm. Use fertile and slightly sticky soil, such as: garden soil 2 parts, rice bran ash 1 part, bone meal or manure a little; You can also use 2 parts of fine pond mud, 65,438+0 parts of humus soil (or compost), and a proper amount of calcium superphosphate and decomposed cow dung to prepare soil. After planting, cover the soil with a thickness of 3 cm -4 cm, and the seedlings can emerge in about 20 days. Calla lily likes to have plenty of water during its growth, so it is necessary to sprinkle water on the leaves and the ground frequently and pay attention to the cleanliness of the leaves. After fertilization, liquid fertilizer should be applied 65,438+0 times every half month. Keep the room temperature above 10℃. In order to avoid the influence of many leaves on lighting during maintenance, the leaves can be removed, which is also beneficial to the extension of pedicels. February-April is the full flowering period, and watering is gradually stopped after flowering. After May, the plants began to turn yellow, so they should be ventilated and kept dry to prevent tubers from rotting. When the plant is completely dormant, the tuber can be taken out, dried and stored, and then planted in autumn.

Cultivation techniques calla lily is suitable for planting from late August to early September. Ground planting is used to produce cut flowers. The stout roots are planted in groups of three in the fertile fields, and can bloom and supply the market around New Year's Day. Each potted plant has 2-3 big balls, 1-2 small balls, and organic fertilizer can be added to the garden soil. After planting in the shade, put the buds in the sun, and keep the room temperature at 65,438+00 when the first frost moves into the greenhouse. Sprinkle water on leaves and ground to increase air humidity. Apply liquid fertilizer 1 time every half month. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied as the main fertilizer before flowering to control the growth of stems and leaves, promote the differentiation of flower buds and ensure the quality of flowers. When applying fertilizer, don't let the fertilizer flow into the petiole to avoid rot. If there are too many leaves in the growing period, a few old leaves can be removed to facilitate the extraction of pedicels. February-May is the flowering period. Water supply should be stopped gradually and shaded moderately to prevent water accumulation. Potted plants should be moved to a ventilated and semi-shady place, so that the pots can be placed on the side to avoid rainwater accumulation, so as to keep dry and promote dormancy. After all the leaves turn yellow, the bulbs can be taken out, dried and stored in a ventilated and cool place. Before planting in autumn, the aging part at the bottom of bulb should be cut off and replanted. Large bulbs can be planted. The main pests and diseases are soft rot. The prevention and control method is to pull out the disease. Try to avoid continuous cropping; Timely drainage; Air should circulate; Spray with bordeaux mixture at onset. The pests are mainly red spiders. It can be controlled by 3 000 times of phosphorus trichloride solution. [Edit this paragraph] How to make the cut flowers of calla lily blossom more than 1? The cultivated soil should contain slight acidity, and the growth is mainly based on base fertilizer. Calla lily likes fertile and loose slightly acidic soil.

Calla lily 2. Pay attention to adequate watering during the growth and flowering period.

There should be enough light during flowering, and it likes long light.

4. Diligently cut old leaves to promote flower buds.

5. Keeping warm in winter and shading in summer, the picking time of horseshoe lotus is related to different seasons, good or bad sales and other factors, usually in the morning. When the temperature is low in winter, the flowers grow slowly after picking, so it is not appropriate to pick them too early. After picking in spring and summer, flowers can still grow rapidly in water, so they can be picked after seeing the internal style, once in the morning and once in the evening. In addition, when the flowers circulate quickly, they can be picked slightly. If you need to store it after picking, you should pick it slightly. Different customers can choose according to their own different requirements, which fully meets the needs of customers. In picking skills, attention should be paid to pulling up flowers vertically and forcefully when picking. If the holding position is high, it is easy to break the flower. If the force is too large, it is easy to damage plants, or even uproot plants with weak growth. Flower packaging and storage technology: fresh cut flowers of calla lily should be packaged and stored in time after picking. Generally, ten flowers are in a bundle, with ten flower heads aligned together, and the neck, middle and lower parts of the flowers are bound with narrow tape respectively. Generally, keep the flowers 80cm, cut off the remaining tail, and pay attention to cut off a part of the tail of each flower to facilitate the upward transportation of water. The packaged flowers should be placed vertically in a bucket and stored in a cool place. Pay attention to keeping the water clean and soak the stems for 2/3 height.

Cutting and preservation of cut flowers;

When the buds of calla lily are stretched to the maximum, curled and opened, they can be cut. After cutting, the upper part of each cut flower is wrapped in cellophane, sorted by size, boxed and put on the market. Due to the characteristics of fresh cut flowers, attention should be paid to avoid damage caused during transportation. Long-distance transportation should take about 20 bundles as a transportation unit, first packed in plastic bags and then boxed for transportation. For short-distance transportation, in order to save costs, only large plastic bags can be used. All these should be fixed together with tape and then bagged and transported. During transportation, they should be laid flat on the plane to avoid being damaged by other objects. Key points of pot planting of calla lily 1. When planting pots, we should apply foot fertilizer and leave a few lateral buds beside the big bulbs to increase the density and appreciation of flowers and leaves. 2. Proper watering control should be maintained, ventilation and plant spacing should be increased to make plants beautiful. 3. Try to avoid moving the flowerpot after the plant spacing is finally determined. And keep the soil under the flowerpot moist, so that the roots of flowers can penetrate into the soil under the flowerpot and make them flourish. Key points of potted flower transportation: Before transporting potted flowers, wrap them in small plastic bags, and then wrap the whole plant in newspaper to avoid soiling flowers and breaking their stems and leaves during transportation, which will affect the ornamental effect. When loading a car, flowers can be transported horizontally in layers, which increases the transportation volume and reduces the transportation cost.

Water chestnut is poisonous and contains a lot of herbal calcium crystals and alkaloids. If eaten by mistake, it will cause poisoning symptoms such as drowsiness. This species is a poisonous water chestnut plant listed in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is tuber, spathe and spicule. Chewing small tubers can cause swelling and pain in the tongue and throat. An 8-year-old girl was poisoned by eating inflorescences. Coma 12 hours, recovered after 24 hours. [Edit this paragraph] The common diseases of colored calla lily are mainly bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and insect pests, which are introduced respectively below. Bacterial disease Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus disease, also known as soft rot, is caused by Erwinia. Carota. Infected leaves and stems turn dark green with necrotic spots and rotten spots, and secrete mucus. Finally, the plant fell down. Tubers also began to rot and stink. When a plant grows poorly, it can be infected through some small wounds. These bacteria can also secrete some enzymes to dissolve cell walls and penetrate plants. If the plant is dry, the infected plant and the soil where it grows should be carefully removed. It should be noted that those infected tubers should be picked out as early as possible before planting. Sterilization and prevention. Susceptibility to eucalyptus infection varies from species to species. Generally speaking, yellow and orange varieties are more susceptible to infection than white and cream varieties. The best control method is to provide an optimal growth environment for plants from beginning to end in the process of cultivation, so that they can develop without interference. The growing environment of colored calla lily should meet the following requirements:

Provide enough water (don't plant too shallow; Water when the soil is dry);

The drainage performance of soil is better to prevent the occurrence of excessive humidity;

Avoid excessive temperature in the greenhouse, especially when the relative humidity is high;

Prevent plants and tubers from being damaged (prevent wind from damaging plants, be careful not to let herbicides affect the growth of plants, and be careful when harvesting and processing);

Prevent damage caused by other fungal diseases and pests. (For example, the damage caused by Pythium or Rhizoctonia may provide a port for the invasion of eucalyptus);

Don't use too much nitrogen fertilizer, because the amount of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare is more than 150 kg, which is easy to cause eucalyptus infection.

Tubers should be dried as soon as possible after harvest: if there is a delay in the first week after harvest, it will cause great losses in the future. Fungal disease pythium: This fungus can cause root rot, which will limit the absorption of water by plants. Rotation and accurate irrigation (and drainage) are important factors to prevent infection. Before planting, steam the soil and treat it with bactericide.

Rhizoctonia solani: This fungus destroys the buds of plants near the ground. This fungus can be controlled by treating soil with methyl chloropicrin and fluoroamide.

Penicillium: This fungus can cause infection during tuber storage, and damage the tuber during and after storage, especially when the tuber has been mechanically damaged, the humidity in the storage room is too high or the air flow in the microenvironment is insufficient. Providing sufficient airflow can prevent the occurrence of this fungus. Tubers can also be disinfected with fungicides, such as Clonidan.

Botrytis cinerea: It can occur on flowers and leaves. When cultivated in the open air, the combination of bactericide and insecticide must be prevented every 65,438+00 days. The infection of botrytis cinerea almost always shows the formation of small spots on leaves. It is enough to prevent it once at the end of August or early September. Insect thrips and aphids can cause harm in the whole growth process of plants. Spray parathion twice before picking flowers. During the breeding process, acephate or deltamethrin can be used for prevention every 7- 10 days. [Edit this paragraph] Application value Garden value: horseshoe lotus is very beautiful, blooming in spring and autumn, and the single flowering period is particularly long. It is a good potted flower for decorating the living room and study, and also an ideal material for cut flowers, bouquets and flower baskets. Used as a cut flower for a long time, it is a gift flower for relatives and friends. It is a flower bed in tropical and subtropical areas.

1. Used for cut flowers:

Cutting and preservation of calla lily cut flowers: when the spatula of calla lily has been stretched to the maximum, it can be cut. After cutting, the upper part of each cut flower is wrapped with cellophane, shaped and classified, and then boxed and listed. Due to its own characteristics, fresh cut flowers should be paid attention to during transportation to avoid damage caused during transportation. Long-distance transportation needs about 20 bundles, which should be packed in plastic bags first and then packed. Short-distance transportation can only use large plastic bags to save costs.

2. Used for potted plants:

Key points of potted flower planting of calla lily:

1). Plantar fertilizer should be applied in the pot, and a few lateral buds should be left beside the big bulbs to increase the density and appreciation of flowers and leaves.

2) Proper watering control, increased ventilation and plant spacing make plants beautiful.

3) After the plant spacing is finally determined, try to avoid moving the flowerpot and keep the soil under the flowerpot moist, so that the roots of flowers can penetrate into the soil below through the drainage holes under the flowerpot and make them flourish. Key points of potted flower transportation: Before transporting potted flowers, wrap the flowers in small plastic bags, and then wrap the whole plant in newspaper to avoid soiling the flowers and breaking the stems of flowers and leaves during transportation, which will affect the ornamental effect. When loading, it can be transported horizontally in layers, which increases the transportation volume and reduces the transportation cost.

Medicinal value:

Water chestnut lotus is poisonous and contains a lot of herbal calcium crystals and alkaloids. Eating by mistake can cause poisoning symptoms such as drowsiness. This species is a poisonous plant listed in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is tuber, spathe and spike. Chewing small tubers can cause swelling and pain in the tongue and throat. An 8-year-old girl was poisoned by eating inflorescences by mistake and recovered after 12 hours. Water chestnut lotus can be used as medicine and has the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials. It can treat burns. Take a proper amount of fresh calla lily tuber and mash it for external application. In order to prevent tetanus, calla lily tuber should be mashed and applied externally to the wound. Calla lily is poisonous, so it is forbidden to take orally. [Edit this paragraph] The calla lily of flower culture is elegant and beautiful, and its flower language is a loyal and eternal knot.

Calla lily has elegant temperament and eternal, pure and pure friendship, which represents nobility, dignity, hope and nobility, and symbolizes piety, unity and good luck.

The red calla lily flower language symbolizes purity and love, symbolizes holiness and piety, and is always United and auspicious.

★ Warning

This plant is poisonous all over the body. Eating by mistake can cause vomiting, but it can be fed to wild boar after cooking. Boiled leaves can cure a slight headache, but all medicines must be used under the guidance of a doctor.