Caring for mental health handwritten newspaper template
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The essence of psychological abnormality is the cause, mechanism and psychological structure of abnormal psychology. Psychological abnormality is the disorder of brain structure or function or the disorder and distortion of people's response to objective reality. It not only reflects the abnormality of individual self-concept and some abilities, but also reflects the adaptation obstacles in social interpersonal relations and personal life.
But it is not easy to clearly distinguish normal psychology from abnormal psychology.
At present, the most commonly used criteria are as follows:
Self-evaluation criteria: If you think you have psychological problems, of course, this person's psychology will not be completely normal, but it is generally impossible to have major problems. People with basically normal psychology can fully perceive that their psychological activities are different from before, their psychological performance is different from others, and so on. This kind of self-evaluation is called insight in psychiatry.
Psychological test standard: Psychological test can only be formed through representative sampling, establishment of normal samples, standardization of test reliability, test validity and methods, which can avoid experts' subjective opinions to some extent. However, psychological tests also have errors, which can not replace the doctor's diagnosis at present.
Etiological and pathological classification standard: This standard is the most objective, and it is a medical standard that treats psychological problems as physical diseases. If a person's psychological phenomenon or behavior can find the basis of pathological anatomy or pathophysiological changes, he is considered to have mental illness. Its psychological manifestations are regarded as symptoms of the disease, and its etiology is attributed to brain dysfunction.
External evaluation criteria: people's psychological activities are always manifested in all aspects of life. If everyone thinks there is something wrong with someone, it is generally correct. Even if the people nearby don't see it, professionals can judge whether the parties have problems through various performances.
Social adaptation standard: under normal circumstances, the human body maintains a state of physiological and psychological balance, and people can adapt and transform the environment according to the needs of social life. Therefore, normal people's behavior conforms to social norms and can act according to social requirements and moral norms, that is, their behavior conforms to social norms and is adaptive behavior. If a person's ability is damaged due to organic or functional defects, and he can't act in a socially recognized way, so that the consequences of his actions are not suitable for himself or society, he is considered to have psychological abnormalities.
1 .. Melancholy For various reasons, teenagers will be unhappy, unhappy and taciturn. If you are in this state for a long time, you should pay full attention to it.
2. narrowness is manifested in haggling over every ounce, being too narrow-minded, unable to tolerate others and not understanding others. I'm worried about small things, too, and I love to get to the bottom of it.
3. Jealousy is unnatural, uncomfortable and even hostile when others are better than themselves. What's more, they even use blows and slanders to vent their inner jealousy. -seven kinds of unhealthy psychology in growing up
4. panic has a sense of terror to the environment and things, such as fear of needles, fear of the dark, fear of ghosts and so on. The light person's heart beats violently, his hands shake, and the heavy person can't sleep, insomnia, screaming in his dream, etc.
5. Cruelty is a bit insignificant. If you are unhappy, you will vent it on others, hitting people and cursing them. Others will ridicule others for their own happiness, and they will sneer at others without warmth.
6. Sensitivity means nervousness and paranoia, while people tend to regard others' unintentional words and irrelevant actions as contempt or ridicule for themselves, so they are moody and their mood changes greatly.
7. Inferiority lacks confidence in yourself and thinks that you are inferior to others in all aspects. No matter in study or life, it always regards itself as a person who is inferior to others and can't lift its head. This inferiority complex has seriously affected my mood, and I feel too depressed because I lack interest in myself.
According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, more than100000 people attempt suicide every year in the world. Among the top 10 diseases with the greatest functional disability, 5 are mental disorders; It is estimated that by 2020, the burden of neuropsychiatric diseases in China will rise to a quarter of the total burden of diseases. In China, it is conservatively estimated that there are about 65.438 billion people who need professional psychological counseling or psychotherapy in their lifetime. The survey shows that among the 654.38+0.3 billion people, there are more than 654.38+0.6 million people with various mental disorders, and among the 654.38+0.5 billion teenagers, there are 30 million teenagers who are troubled by emotions and pressures. Psychologists remind that when you encounter troubles in your life and are ready to choose a counselor to enter the consulting room, you should choose a counselor with relevant educational background such as psychology, medicine or pedagogy, who has received professional training, long-term and rich experience in psychological counseling and treatment, and has been recognized by professional psychotherapy associations or society.
There are many schools of psychological counseling and therapy, among which psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy, visitor-centered therapy, reality therapy, behavioral therapy, interactive therapy, gestalt therapy and rational emotion therapy are the most common. According to the statistics of American Psychological Counseling Association, there are as many as 300 kinds of recorded psychological counseling and treatment, and it is still increasing. American psychologist Langdon Perry Langdon believes that all these therapies can be roughly divided into two categories. One is "cognitive comprehension" insight therapy, which aims to alleviate people's psychological confusion and obstacles by changing and improving people's cognitive style. The other is behavior correction therapy, which aims to correct people's bad behavior by establishing new conditioned reflex. In fact, in concrete practice, people often use both and complement each other.