The first level is the primary stage of learning erhu, and it is also an important stage of laying a good foundation for erhu performance. In order to make beginners take fewer detours and avoid mistakes that are difficult to correct because of lax training, strict requirements are put forward for students' basic playing methods and standardized training procedures:
1. Playing method: The students' sitting posture, piano grip, bow grip, left hand gesture and string movements are basically correct.
2. Performance ability: Students are required to complete the etudes and music performances of D (1.5 strings) and G (5 2 strings) with phonemes, including 20 pieces of music such as Pastoral Spring, Tibetan Dance, I Love Tiananmen Square in Beijing, Fengyang Flower Drum and Chinese Cabbage.
Second-level performance skills and artistic requirements:
The second level requires students to change from the first position of D key and G key to the second position on the basis of the first level of playing skills.
1, which requires students to correctly master the method of changing the handle, relax the grip, change the new position smoothly and accurately, and at the same time better grasp the finger distance change of the second phoneme.
2. Learning to play the music in the first position of F (6 3 string) requires students to correctly grasp the three-degree phoneme distance between a finger and an empty string.
3. The students mastered the regular finger-kneading movements, and skillfully played thirty pieces of music and more than ten etudes such as Embroidered Pocket, Meet Aobao, White Hada, Great Wall Shake, Shepherd Girl and Nanniwan.
Three-level playing skills and artistic requirements:
The third level requires students to have the ability to play ditty and master the bow-pulling training of different bows, continuous bows and reverse bows; Play a fast bow with a medium handle; Playing skills such as left hand sliding up and down, backward sliding and trembling fingers; Learn music in C (2 6 strings). Students should have a certain understanding and expressive force of music, and skillfully play twenty pieces of music and more than ten etudes, such as Little Flower Drum, Rusted Gold Plate, Osmanthus fragrans Blooming everywhere in August, I am a Little Rider on the Grassland, and Flower Full Moon. It also requires a full, powerful voice and a sense of singing, giving people a sweet, intimate and smooth feeling.
Band 4 performance skills and teaching requirements;
1, guide the students to master the skills of changing more than three handles. Designated music, such as Good Night, Bright Walk, Huangshui Ballad, Soldiers and Common People, has two octaves and more than three or four positions. To play these works well, mastering the skill of changing hands is the key.
2, can better master the fast bow above the medium speed. This level of teaching requires students to reach the primary level of fast bow skills and complete more than a dozen etudes of this level, such as the practice of putting the finger distance in the upper position, the practice of jumping five steps, horse racing, carrying a small pole, matching flowers, singing harvest and pastoral songs. And relax your right wrist and coordinate your hands.
3. Master the playing ability of the first bB key (37 strings) preliminarily. Complete five etudes such as "Practice of bB Tuning High".
Five-level playing skills and teaching requirements;
The fifth stage is the stage of strengthening basic training and cultivating musical expression ability, which requires students to play happy music at the speed above Allegro and master the performance of a (4 1) chord.
1, master the change of finger distance in one or three positions, and cultivate adaptability. Complete the designated tracks such as "C-key strength exercise", "mixed rhythm exercise" and "A-key grip pitch exercise". Achieve better pitch, accurate beat, skilled movements and other skills standards.
2. Gradually improve the performance speed, and complete ten solos, such as Mercedes-Benz on a Thousand Grass Plain, The Village Changed, Pastoral Charm, Hua Gutiao, Ami Face, and There is a Golden Sun in Beijing. Make the fingers of the left hand press the strings flexibly, the hands cooperate, the melody is smooth, and the notes are clear and clean.
3. Learn to control the dynamics of the bow, and gradually apply it to the adagio passages of music to fully express musical feelings, so as to be strong but not noisy, weak but not empty.
Band 6 performance skills and teaching requirements;
Band 6 is the improvement stage of learning erhu performance. Students at this level have mastered the playing ability of the commonly used six keys D, G, F, C, bB and A, so strengthening and improving the acquired skills is an important means to move on.
1, train students to be good at adapting to the changes of different phonemes in different tunes, so as to make the finger distance relationship correct and change the tone decisively and flexibly.
2, can better master the style of kneading strings and different types of sliding skills. There are some techniques, such as fast string rubbing, slow string rubbing, late string rubbing, up and down sliding, pad finger sliding and so on. And gradually use it freely.
3. Mastering the skills of fast bow, changing the handle and changing the string, and completing many etudes such as three-tone changing the handle, scale and Arpa exercises, as well as solos such as Golden Ball mamie Zan, Fair, Sunan ditty, Candle Shadow Shakes Red, Shandandan Flowers Bloom Red and Ode to Joy.
Level 7 performance skills and teaching requirements;
This level is the preparatory stage for entering the advanced level of erhu performance, which requires students to achieve the following two aspects:
1. Skillfully master the playing skills of fast hand coordination, and strive to complete the seven-tone comprehensive practice, hand coordination practice, fast string changing practice of connecting bows and fast handle changing practice at a speed of not less than 120 beats per minute. The right hand can change strings flexibly and play smoothly.
2. It has a good level of slow bow transport. Moonlit night is a quiet and peaceful music, and it is difficult to express the content of the music without good slow bow skills. He Jiangshui's requirements for slow bow techniques are more complicated and changeable, and at the same time, he also requires his left hand to cooperate with various techniques such as kneading strings and sliding notes to better express the musical connotation. It is also necessary to complete music with rich skills, such as "Empty Mountain Birds", "New Pastoral", "China Sixth Board" and "Autumn Moon in Pinghu".
Band 8 performance skills and teaching requirements;
Band 8 is an advanced stage, which requires students to master comprehensive skills. Students are required not only to have good comprehensive skills, but also to have certain musical literacy. The specific requirements are as follows:
1. When playing "Comprehensive Practice" with fast and continuous notes of 16 or above, the fingers of the left hand should press the strings flexibly, the layout of the bow segments should be reasonable, and the playing effect should be even in rhythm, clear in pronunciation and balanced in strength.
2, gradually master the practice of fast break chords and pipa, "eleven kinds of string changing exercises" and "fast tuning exercises", so as to be skilled and accurate, especially the rapid conversion of internal and external strings should be smooth and free, and try to avoid noise.
3. Cultivate students to master the playing styles in different places. For example, the performance skills of Henan style, such as the up-and-down sliding of Allegro in the Ballad of Northern Henan; Xiao Chungu's techniques commonly used in silk and bamboo in the south of the Yangtze River, and the sliding sound of grapes in Xinjiang when they are ripe. Complete the performance ability of "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River", "Liu Boqu", "Honghu Man Desire", "Lan Ci" and "Oriental Dance Music", and strengthen the local style, which has certain artistic appeal.