A: With the implementation of the rural boarding school construction project, a large number of rural boarding schools have been built one after another, which has greatly improved the conditions for running schools in the project area and laid a solid foundation for the realization of the "two basics" goal. However, because most of the project areas are remote, poor and ethnic minority areas, the economic and social development is relatively backward, and there are some difficulties and problems in the management of boarding schools in many areas, which urgently need scientific and effective guidance. The Office of the Leading Group for the Work of "Two Bases" in the West has formulated and issued the Measures according to the inspection results of project schools in various places in the past two years, combined with the specific reality of boarding schools, in order to further strengthen the management of boarding schools, improve the scientific and effective management, ensure the safety of students and better promote their all-round development.
2. What is the purpose of boarding school management?
A: Strengthening the management of rural boarding schools is to promote the scientific, institutionalized and standardized management of schools in terms of safety, hygiene, diet and accommodation by establishing and improving various management systems of boarding schools, and to promote the continuous improvement of the overall management level and school-running efficiency of schools; Create a campus atmosphere conducive to students' all-round, healthy, lively and active development, ensure students' healthy physical and mental development, and strive to cultivate students' spirit of self-esteem, self-reliance, self-reliance and self-confidence; Continuously improve the enrollment rate, consolidation rate, graduation rate and completion rate of school-age children (teenagers) within the service scope, ensure the timely realization of the "two basics" goal and the sustained, balanced and healthy development of rural compulsory education, and make boarding schools become the window of rural spiritual civilization construction and the cradle of talent training.
3. Why should we determine the management system of boarding schools?
A: According to the "Measures", boarding schools implement a territorial management system in which local governments are responsible, counties are the mainstay, and local education administrative departments and schools are specifically organized and implemented. This management system clarifies the responsibilities of provincial and county people's governments, their education administrative departments and boarding schools, which not only prevents the relevant departments from interfering too much in the management of rural boarding schools, but also prevents governments at all levels and their education administrative departments from shirking their responsibilities. It stipulates the management obligations and responsibilities of boarding schools themselves, which is conducive to the implementation of targeted autonomy and self-management in accordance with relevant national laws, regulations and documents, and improves management efficiency.
4. Why should the responsibilities of the provincial people's governments and their education administrative departments in the management of boarding schools be specified in detail?
A: According to the newly revised Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2006, compulsory education is planned and implemented by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Therefore, the management of boarding schools in the compulsory education stage should also be uniformly planned and managed by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the education administrative department is responsible for its implementation. In addition, other safeguard measures for the management of boarding schools, including the funding guarantee of boarding schools, the construction of school buildings and the renovation of dilapidated buildings, can only be solved by the provincial people's government as a whole. Therefore, the responsibilities of the provincial people's government and its education administrative departments in the management of boarding schools are stipulated, which also provides a realistic guarantee for the management of boarding schools.
5. How to understand the main responsibilities of the county-level people's government and its education administrative departments in the management of boarding schools?
A: First of all, according to the newly revised Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2006, "people's governments at the county level should set up boarding schools as needed to ensure that school-age children and adolescents living in scattered areas receive compulsory education". Therefore, the people's government at the county level and its education administrative departments should rationally plan the layout of boarding schools in accordance with the principle of "the primary school is nearby and the junior high school is relatively concentrated"; According to the standard approved boarding school staff, life teachers (nurses), medical and health personnel, fully equipped with relevant personnel.
Secondly, with the rapid increase in the number of boarding schools in recent years, the management of boarding schools itself has a process of accumulating management experience and improving management level. Therefore, the people's government at the county level should put strengthening the management of boarding schools on the important work agenda, explore and summarize the beneficial experiences and practices of strengthening the management of boarding schools, improve the rules and regulations for the normal operation of schools, increase the supervision and management of boarding schools, properly carry out appraisal and inspection activities, and continuously improve the management level.
Thirdly, the newly revised Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2006 stipulates that "the people's governments at or above the county level and their education administrative departments shall promote the balanced development of schools and narrow the gap between schools". Therefore, clarifying the responsibilities of the people's government at the county level and its education administrative departments in the management of boarding schools is conducive to making full use of the resource advantages of rural boarding schools, rationally allocating educational resources, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas within the county and promoting the balanced development of compulsory education.
Fourth, the operating costs of boarding schools are relatively high. The people's governments at the county level and the administrative departments of education shall conscientiously implement the financial investment in boarding schools at the corresponding level, ensure the public funds needed by the schools, allocate necessary ancillary facilities and necessary equipment for boarding schools, provide necessary land for work-study programs for boarding schools, and ensure the normal operation of the schools.
Fifth, the collective living of students in boarding schools puts forward higher requirements for the surrounding environment of the school. The people's governments at the county level and their education administrative departments shall strengthen the comprehensive management of the surrounding environment of the school and maintain the safety and normal teaching order of the school.
6. How to understand the extreme importance of safety management in boarding schools?
A: Ensuring the safety of students, especially their lives, is the most important work of the school. "If safety is not guaranteed, what about education?" The extreme importance of safety management in boarding schools is also based on the following reasons: First, students living in boarding schools are more prone to safety accidents than students in non-boarding schools, so management must be strengthened to prevent problems before they happen. Second, boarding students are far away from their parents or other guardians, and they have insufficient awareness of safety precautions and limited ability to deal with potential security threats. They need the guidance of the school to eliminate hidden dangers by strengthening management. Third, most of them are only children now. Once a safety accident happens, it will cause great harm and irreparable loss to the family. In addition, if a mass safety accident occurs, it may also have a great negative impact on local social stability. Therefore, with the increasing number of boarding schools, people's governments at all levels and their education administrative departments, especially boarding schools, should assume greater responsibility for safety management.
7. What are the requirements for the safety management of boarding schools?
A: First, conscientiously implement the laws, regulations and rules on safety work, and formulate practical school safety systems, including emergency plans for school building safety, food safety, health safety, traffic safety and other emergencies; Guard duty and patrol system; Student leave and leave cancellation system, etc. The second is to implement the responsibility system for safety work, which should be broken down into departments and implemented by individuals. The third is to equip full-time or part-time security personnel in accordance with relevant national standards. The fourth is to establish a safety work file to record the daily safety work, the implementation of safety responsibilities, safety inspections, and the elimination of safety hazards. Fifthly, boarding schools should buy collective insurance for students, and encourage students to buy personal accident insurance on the principle of financial subsidies and voluntary insurance. Sixth, in large boarding schools, public security organs can be invited to set up school police stations (or police offices) to help schools manage the surrounding environment and maintain school safety and normal teaching order. Seventh, establish other relevant safety systems according to the actual situation.
8. What are the main aspects of daily safety work in boarding schools?
A: First, the facilities, equipment and dangerous chemicals of various teaching activities in chemical experiments are regularly inspected and managed to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents. The second is to place warning signs in dangerous areas and improve protective facilities. The third is to organize students to carry out safety evacuation drills in response to emergencies in accordance with emergency plans. Fourth, do a good job in the rainy season and flood season to prevent landslides, landslides, mudslides and other safety protection work, and suspend classes when the disaster is serious. Fifth, reasonably arrange the evacuation time of students and the order of going up and down stairs, strengthen inspections, and prevent crowded stampede accidents. The sixth is to establish a registration and verification system for off-campus personnel, and prohibit social idlers or vehicles from entering the campus. Seventh, students are forbidden to bring controlled knives and toxic and harmful substances into schools. Eighth, the head teacher should count the students before class and keep track of their whereabouts in time. Ninth, teachers should be arranged to accompany them on duty at night, students' dormitories should be registered at night, and night inspections should be strengthened to prevent accidents.
9. What safety education should boarding schools give students?
A: According to the requirements of the Measures, boarding schools should incorporate safety education into the important content of education and teaching, and strengthen safety education for students to cherish their lives, actively survive and protect themselves. According to the current factors affecting students' safety, safety education should be done in the following aspects: First, daily safety habits education. Educate students not to use flammable materials in the dormitory without authorization; When central heating, dormitory must be equipped with ventilation doors and windows, and non-central heating schools should do safety education to prevent gas poisoning between teachers and students; When you leave the classroom or dormitory, you should close the doors and windows, electrical appliances, etc. The second is traffic safety education. Educate students to abide by traffic laws and regulations, walk and ride bicycles in a civilized way. The third is adolescent education. Educate students to correctly understand their physical changes, guide students to communicate with the opposite sex generously and healthily, and help students understand the general knowledge and methods of resisting sexual assault. Fourth, AIDS prevention education. Educate students to understand the harm of AIDS and its ways and methods, and form a good living habit of leading an honest and clean life. Fifth, anti-drug education. Educate students to stay away from drugs, eliminate the psychology of trying, and report to the school in time when they encounter trafficking or smoking. Sixth, legal education. Take at least one major law class every semester to improve students' legal awareness and self-protection ability.
10. How to ensure the traffic safety of students?
A: Arrange a special person to organize a road team to take charge of students leaving school. Organize students to take vehicles that have passed the inspection. Students are not allowed to take unlicensed vehicles, mixed passenger and cargo vehicles and other vehicles on their way home. Conditional schools should have relatively fixed vehicles to pick up and drop off students, and drivers should have driving qualifications.
1 1. What safety work should boarding schools do when organizing students' collective activities?
A: When boarding schools organize students to go out for outing, work, social practice and other collective activities, they should report to the local government or the county-level education administrative department for approval in advance, so as to make strict organization and careful arrangements. It is necessary to designate a special person to lead the team and take necessary safety measures to nip in the bud. Large-scale collective activities jointly organized by many schools should also be brought to the attention of local public security organs to help maintain order and protect students' safety.
12. Why should the health management of boarding schools be strengthened?
A: Boarding schools are characterized by the collective life of a large number of students. Compared with non-boarding schools, mass health incidents are more likely to occur. In addition, most students in compulsory education have poor self-care ability, personal hygiene awareness needs to be strengthened, and hygiene habits need to be cultivated. If students' health management is neglected, it will easily lead to health and safety incidents.
13. What are the requirements for health management in boarding schools?
A: First, school health work should be incorporated into the daily management of schools and equipped with school-level leaders in charge of health work. The second is to strengthen health guidance and employ or equip full-time or part-time medical (health care) personnel with professional qualifications. Conditional schools should set up clinics. Third, classrooms, dormitories, canteens, restaurants, toilets and other areas should be cleaned, scrubbed and disinfected regularly. Fourth, it is necessary to establish students' health records and conduct a routine physical examination for students every academic year. Fifth, it is necessary to strengthen contact with local medical institutions and establish a timely communication and assistance mechanism with medical institutions.
14. How to carry out the daily management of dormitory hygiene?
Answer: 1. In a dormitory with a large number of people, the students in the same dormitory elect the director and deputy director, who are responsible for maintaining the order of the dormitory and self-managing the hygiene of the dormitory. Second, strictly implement the dormitory management system formulated by the school, require and urge students to do a good job in dormitory hygiene and keep the dormitory clean and tidy. Third, the dormitory should always open the window for air exchange to ensure that there is no odor in the room, and it should be disinfected regularly under the guidance of the life teacher. Four, carry out dormitory health inspection or appraisal, set an advanced example, and urge the backward.
15. What are the responsibilities of medical (health care) personnel in boarding schools?
A: First, assist the leaders in charge of the school to do a good job in health management to ensure the health of students. Second, attach importance to health education, strengthen health propaganda and cultivate students' good health habits. The third is to be responsible for the prevention and treatment of students' diseases and ensure the treatment of common diseases of students. Fourth, assist the school to establish students' health files, understand students' health status, and provide regular health consultation for students. Five, to assist the school to supervise and inspect the students' personal hygiene and school teaching, sports, environment, food and other health conditions. Six, pay attention to students' mental health, carry out appropriate mental health consultation, counseling and other activities to help students eliminate psychological confusion, and take appropriate measures to carry out adolescent health education.
How to beautify the campus?
A: First, use Arbor Day and other festivals to organize all teachers and students to carry out tree planting activities, plant flowers and plants, improve the campus greening rate and decorate the campus environment. Second, harden the campus ground to prevent wind and dust. Three, it is strictly prohibited to raise livestock and poultry on campus, keep the campus clean and tidy. The fourth is to set up public health facilities such as garbage bins.
17. What are the basic requirements for the management of student canteens?
A: First, the school should be equipped with canteen staff according to the standard and be responsible for the management of student canteens. The second is to strengthen the personal hygiene management of canteen employees. Canteen employees must have two complete certificates and go to a qualified hospital for physical examination once every semester. The third is to strictly implement the canteen hygiene system, procurement acceptance system and food inspection record system. Fourth, the food in the canteen should be stored in an orderly manner, according to raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. Fifth, students' own food should also be managed centrally, and it is strictly forbidden for spoiled, toxic and unsanitary food to enter the canteen. Sixth, tableware commonly used in canteens is disinfected once every meal. Seventh, we should respect the eating habits of minority students. Eighth, the school canteen shall not be contracted to others in commercial form.
18. How to operate the student canteen?
A: According to the requirements of the Standard for the Construction of Rural Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools (Trial), schools should make nutritious meals according to the actual situation, reasonably mix them, publish recipes every week, improve quality, reduce costs, and manage students' meals in various forms. Conditional township (town) center boarding school in principle; Do not have the conditions to do a big stove, depending on the specific situation to do a small stove; Rural and mountainous schools with boarding students who do not have cooking conditions can provide conditions for teachers to organize and guide students to cook by themselves. Ensure that students have three meals a day and clean drinking water supply. Actively create conditions to reduce the proportion of students eating out of school. The student canteen shall not be for profit, and the accounts shall be made public regularly.
19. How to reduce the meals in boarding schools?
A: First, we should be careful and make good use of all grain, oil, coal and firewood. Second, actively organize students to carry out work-study programs. According to the relevant regulations of the state, the local government can allocate a certain amount of land for schools to carry out work-study programs. Schools should mobilize students and teachers to do it themselves, grow vegetables and raise livestock. The income from work-study programs should be mainly used to help students improve their lives and reduce their economic burden.
20. Can boarders bring their own grain, oil and non-staple food?
A: Boarding students can bring their own grain, oil and non-staple food. The school provides processing and heating conditions to reduce the financial burden of students' families as much as possible. Boarding schools shall not force students who bring their own food to board in school canteens or other places.
2 1. How to distribute the living allowance for boarders?
A: Establish a "roster for granting living allowance to boarders", and pay the full monthly allowance in the form of meal tickets and vouchers, which must be signed by the students themselves.
22. How to understand the importance of strengthening accommodation management in boarding schools?
A: Students live in boarding schools, far away from the care of their parents or other guardians. Schools naturally have the responsibility to ensure the safety and health of students. For underage students in compulsory education with poor self-discipline and self-care ability, strict accommodation management is essential for them to form good behavior habits. In addition, strict accommodation management helps students form good interpersonal relationships and help them develop good living habits.
23. How to arrange accommodation according to the principle that boys and girls are relatively independent?
A: Due to the physical and mental differences between boys and girls, and taking into account China's cultural traditions, the Measures require boarding schools to arrange accommodation according to the principle that boys and girls are relatively independent. First, for schools with more than two dorms, boys and girls should live in different dorms. Second, schools with only one dormitory building should arrange stratified accommodation for boys and girls, and set up management personnel in the accommodation area for boys and girls. Thirdly, if it is a bungalow or it is necessary for boys and girls to live on the same floor, an isolation device that can be easily disassembled in an emergency should be set between boys and girls' dormitories. Fourth, the school arranges accommodation according to the actual situation, but it is firmly forbidden for boys and girls to live together.
24. What are the requirements for students' beds?
Answer: The beds should be produced by the education administrative department or school from qualified manufacturers, and their quality should meet the relevant national standards. The bed must be firm, covered with guardrails, stepped on the bed, and there should be enough height between the upper and lower bunks.
25. How to manage accommodation effectively?
A: First, formulate dormitory management systems such as "Dormitory Convention" and "Working Hours" to ensure that accommodation management is well-founded. Two, according to the actual situation with life teachers and nurses, boarding students in the lower grades of primary school should be equipped with life nurses in principle, life nurses should take turns on duty, eat and live with boarding students. Three, the dormitory is closed according to the time management, the entrance and exit of the dormitory should have the guard on duty, outsiders are not allowed to enter the dormitory without authorization, visitors and students who are not in this room are not allowed to stay overnight. Fourth, the staff on duty should patrol the dormitory at night to prevent accidents. Five, strict student leave system, students must take time off at night, and master their whereabouts. Six, according to the characteristics of girls' dormitory safety work, take special measures to strengthen its safety management.
26. What are the responsibilities of life teachers and nurses?
A: First, cooperate with the school to do a good job in the management of boarders, and carefully fill in the dormitory management log and boarder information card; The second is to urge students to abide by accommodation discipline, work and rest on time, and prevent students from leaving without permission; Third, pay attention to fire prevention, theft prevention and soot poisoning, and report any abnormal situation in time; The fourth is to guide students to clean up the house and keep the dormitory clean and tidy; Fifth, urge students to do a good job in personal hygiene, and educate students to have a haircut, take a bath and clean clothes and quilts frequently; Sixth, we should pay more attention to students who are younger, have poor self-care ability or are ill, report the situation to the school in time, and strengthen contact with parents of students. Seventh, complete other work stipulated by the school.
27. How can all localities effectively implement the Measures?
A: First, we attach great importance to the management of boarding schools and conscientiously implement the contents and requirements stipulated in the Measures. It is necessary to establish a strong sense of responsibility, improve the system, and put the responsibility on people to ensure the normal study and life of students during their school days.
The second is to formulate implementation rules in light of local conditions. The "Measures" was formulated by the office of the leading group for tackling the "two basics" in the western region of the country according to the overall situation of the project schools, which has universal guiding significance, but the situation varies greatly from place to place, so the "Measures" cannot be fully covered. All localities should carefully analyze the characteristics of local boarding school management, formulate practical implementation rules, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the implementation of measures.
Third, the implementation rules formulated by various localities should be reported to the office of the leading group for tackling the "two basics" in the western region of the country for the record. In order to fully understand the work trends and management ideas in various places, sum up and popularize the beneficial experiences and practices in various places, and correct some inappropriate practices in time.
Fourth, we must do a good job in implementation, strive for practical results, and pay attention to summing up and popularizing typical experiences.