Korla fragrant pear has a large yield and good quality. The planting area is 24,000 mu, and the annual output is 1000 tons. Korla fragrant pear is known as "China Honey Pear", "Treasure in Pear" and "Prince in Fruit" in the international market.
Fragrant pears have many functions, including protecting the heart, relieving fatigue, enhancing myocardial vitality and lowering blood pressure; In addition, the sugar, tannic acid and other ingredients contained in pears can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough. Clearing heat and relieving summer heat, nourishing yin and nourishing people.
Basic introduction of Chinese names: Fragrant pear nickname: Big-headed pear nomenclature: Simian: Botany: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous: Rosainae: Rosainae: Appleinae: Pyrus: Korla Fragrant Pear Distribution: New China. Xinjiang Uygur language: introduction, morphological characteristics, living environment, distribution, nutritional components, dietary taboos, Korla fragrant pear, honor, use identification, Xinjiang fragrant pear, history, introduction, morphological characteristics of fragrant pear, which is called "Simiti" in Uygur language. It is characterized by rich fragrance, thin skin and fine meat, sweet and crisp juice, refreshing and delicious, and is the top grade of pears. Korla fragrant pear has a large yield and good quality. The planting area is 24,000 mu, and the annual output is 1000 tons. Korla fragrant pear is known as "China Honey Pear", "Treasure in Pear" and "Prince in Fruit" in the international market. There are many kinds of pears in the world, and Korla fragrant pear is the most unique one. It is reported that a male pear with a long beard and a female pear without a calyx. And the mother pear tastes better. Xinjiang has long had the saying that "the grapes in Turpan, the melons in Hami and the fragrant pears in Korla have no residue", which shows that Korla is an important and unique fruit base in Xinjiang and is known as the hometown of melons and fruits. Korla pear is one of the most famous fruits in Xinjiang. Fragrant pear is a treasure in fruit, which is well-known at home and abroad. The living environment of fragrant pear is fond of light, warmth, high temperature and moderate cold. The annual growth cycle is from the end of March to the beginning of April to 1 1 (table 1). The initial period of germination and defoliation of fragrant pear is about 65438 00℃, and the period from flowering to fruit ripening is within 65438 05℃. This period lasts for a long time, the temperature is high, the light is sufficient and beneficial, and the low temperature and low light have many disadvantages. The growth period is about 220 ~ 230 d, and the accumulated temperature should be ≥ 10℃ and above 3400℃. Distribution of China in Xinjiang According to the scientific analysis of nutritional components, Korla fragrant pear has high nutritional value, and the edible part reaches 83.6%. Every 100g of fresh fruit contains protein 0. 1g, fat 0. 1g, carbohydrate 6.7g, dietary fiber 6.7g, calorie 28kcal, vitamin C 4.3mg, calcium 2.2mg, phosphorus/kloc-0.9mg and iron/kloc-0. 1. Pear is rich in B vitamins, which can protect the heart, reduce fatigue, enhance myocardial vitality and lower blood pressure; 2. The sugar, tannic acid and other ingredients contained in pears can relieve phlegm and cough, and have a maintenance effect on the throat; 3. Pears contain more carbohydrates and vitamins, which are easily absorbed by the human body, stimulate appetite and protect the liver; 4. Pears are cool and can clear away heat and soothe the nerves. Regular eating can make blood pressure return to normal and improve dizziness and other symptoms; 5. Eating pears can prevent atherosclerosis and inhibit the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines, thus preventing cancer; 6. Pear has a high pectin content, which is helpful for digestion and laxation. Dietary taboos 1 can be eaten by the general population. Thick or no phlegm, itchy throat and dry pain, patients with chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis, patients with hypertension, heart disease, hepatitis and cirrhosis, especially those who are not awake after drinking or hangover; 2. Patients with chronic enteritis, stomach cold and diabetes should not eat raw pears. Precautions 1, eating more will hurt the spleen and stomach, so people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should eat less; 2. It is not suitable for eating after taking glucocorticoids, and it is not suitable for eating sulfonamides and sodium bicarbonate; 3. Not suitable for eating with geese and crabs; 4. It is not advisable to drink boiled water after meals; 5, avoid omnivorous greasy, hot and cold things. Drinking hot water and eating greasy food when eating pears can lead to diarrhea; 6. People with weak spleen and stomach should not eat pears raw, but cut the pears into pieces and boil them in water. 7, pears and crabs eat the same food and hurt the stomach; Avoid eating with geese; Eating with hot water is easy to have diarrhea. Speaking of the problem of pear cooling, in fact, according to research, different kinds of pears have different degrees of cooling. For example, Tianjin Yali pear, which we often eat, is cool, similar to small and exquisite fragrant pear and large tribute pear. However, thick-skinned pears and imported pears are even colder. Generally speaking, the main drugs are pear and Sydney, so please pay attention to your choice in the market. Korla fragrant pear honor 1924 Among the 1432 kinds of pears in the French World Expo, Korla fragrant pear won the silver award, second only to Pak Lei, France, and was known as the "Queen of Pears in the World". 1957 won the first place in the "National Pear Industry Production Conference". 1985 was rated as "National Quality Fruit" by the state. 1999 Korla fragrant pear won the gold medal at Kunming World Horticultural Exposition. Fragrant pears have been planted for thousands of years, but it was only after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) that a large number of fragrant pears were planted. 1976, Korla county at that time was designated as the production base of fragrant pears by the autonomous region; 1985, the planting area of fragrant pears increased sharply from 306.66 hectares in 1978 to 733.33 hectares; Today, Korla City and the Second Agricultural Division of the Corps have 24,500 hectares of pear orchards, which has become an important local pear industry; More than 60% of the fragrant pears produced here are exported to North America, Southeast Asia and West Asia. "Li Xiang" is the fruit of desert life, and natural pregnancy is beautiful. Although young, she is attractive in quality. Identification of uses Korla fragrant pear has the characteristics of pleasing color, thin skin and crisp meat, more juice and less residue, sweet and delicious, rich nutrition and storage and transportation resistance, and the sugar content is above 9.75%. Not only can it be eaten raw, but it can also be used to make pear wine, pear paste and other related foods, which has the medical functions of "moistening lung, cooling heart, resolving phlegm, relieving sore poison and alcohol poison". During the Han and Tang dynasties, it was introduced to India through the "Silk Road" and was known as the prince among fruits. In the past 50 years, Korla fragrant pear has won the national fruit appraisal for many times. Since 1987 entered the international market, the sales volume has been good. How to identify authentic Korla fragrant pears? The Legend of Korla Fragrant Pear is the basis for identification: the first sign is that Korla Fragrant Pear is relatively small, because Korla Fragrant Pear is native to Taklimakan Desert, and because of lack of water, it is smaller than other varieties of pears, so there is no need to "divide pears"; The second sign is that the skin of Korla fragrant pear is a little red, because from Hanhai pear to Korla fragrant pear, blood has been paid; The third sign is that Korla fragrant pear is residue-free, juicy and sweet, because Korla fragrant pear symbolizes sweet love. Flowering and heat conditions of Xinjiang fragrant pear The main environmental factor affecting flowering of Xinjiang fragrant pear is temperature. The flowering time and duration depend on the previous temperature conditions. Through the correlation analysis of the flowering period (L) 1980 ~ 2002 and the average temperature (t) in March, the regression equation is as follows: L = 26.83-2.60 1 t correlation coefficient γ =-0.8047 reliability α=0.0 1 equation shows that. The temperature 1996 in March in Korla was 1.4℃ lower than the average for many years, and the fragrant pear didn't blossom until April 18, which was 10d later than the average date. The pollen of fragrant pear hardly germinates when it is below 10℃, and the pollen tube elongation is poor when it is below 10 ~ 12℃. After pollination at 15 ~ 18℃, the pollen tube almost completely invaded the stigma within 3 hours, and fertilization began 24 hours later. 15 ~ 25℃ is the suitable temperature for pollen germination and fertilization. At present, the temperature in southern Xinjiang fragrant pear producing areas is mostly 15 ~ 17℃, which are all near the lower limit of suitable temperature. Fruit Growth and Photothermal Conditions of Xinjiang Fragrant Pear The fruit growth period in the main producing areas of Xinjiang Fragrant Pear is from late April to early May and ends in early and middle September. This stage is the peak season of reproductive growth and vegetative growth of fragrant pear, and it is also the stage when the characteristics of fragrant pear like light, temperature and high temperature are fully displayed. The main period of pear fruit growth is in the range of daily average temperature ≥20℃. According to the determination of Korla Meteorological Observatory, the growth rate of fragrant pear fruit is positively correlated with the temperature in the range of daily average temperature 15 ~ 27℃. When the average temperature of the day was 24 ~ 26℃, the growth rate of longitudinal and transverse diameter of fragrant pear fruit reached the maximum, which was 0.4 ~ 0.5 mm/d. The fruit expansion period of Li Xiang pear is from late June to mid-August, during which the ten-day average temperature in Korla area is between 24 ~ 27℃, which is very beneficial to fruit growth. There are two requirements for light conditions in the fruit growth period of fragrant pear: first, there are two sensitive periods in this period, one is May-June when young fruit grows and flower buds differentiate, the other is August-September when fruit matures, and the average sunshine hours are required to be more than 9 hours; Second, the photosynthetic efficiency is higher under high temperature and strong light. The daily temperature difference in Xinjiang is large. The average daily temperature is the same, and the temperature rises quickly during the day, so the fragrant pear stays at the appropriate temperature for a long time, which improves the effectiveness of accumulated temperature. The temperature in Korla from June to August is above 25℃, 1 1 ~ 22 (Beijing time), and the optimum photosynthesis time is above 10h. Based on the yield data of fragrant pears near Korla in 1990s and local meteorological data, the influence of climate on the main fragrant pear producing areas in Xinjiang was analyzed. The results showed that when the daily average temperature was ≥20℃, the yield of fragrant pear had the best correlation with the duration, accumulated temperature and sunshine hours. The correlation coefficients were 0.78(α=0.05), 0.79(α=0.02) and 0.87(α=0.0 1) respectively. This result reflects that the total amount and distribution of light and heat resources are closely related to the growth of fragrant pear fruit during ≥20℃. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the yield of fragrant pear and the average daily range in August reached 0.7 1(α=0.05). August is the maturity of fragrant pear fruit, and the daily fluctuation is beneficial to the accumulation and storage of sugar, making it fully mature. When the daily temperature variation range is >; When the temperature is 12℃, the fruit grows rapidly; when the temperature is 1 1℃, the sugar content of fragrant pear fruit increases linearly with the increase of daily range. The best planting areas of fragrant pears in Xinjiang are Korla, Yuli, Yarkant River, Bachu, Kashgar River Delta, Kashgar, Mohammad and other middle reaches of Peacock River. There are abundant light and heat resources in the growing season of fragrant pears in this area. During the period of ≥20℃, the accumulated temperature is 23 10 ~ 2870℃, and the sunshine hours are 940 ~ 1 100 hours. When light and heat resources are the most abundant, pear fruits grow rapidly and have good matching. The second best planting areas of fragrant pears in Xinjiang are Awati, Alar, Kuqa, Shaya, Xinhe and Luntai in the middle and upper reaches of Tarim River, shache, Yecheng and Hotan in the southwest of Tarim Basin, and Hami in the east. The growing season is ≥20℃, the accumulated temperature of fragrant pears in this area is 2 100 ~ 2500℃, and the sunshine hours are 700 ~ 1070 hours, which can meet the needs of fragrant pears for light and heat conditions and has good planting environment conditions. There is a beautiful legend about fragrant pears in history. In order to let the villagers eat pears, a girl named Elimane climbed 99 mountains to the east, went to 99 places, killed 99 donkeys and attracted 99 kinds of pear trees. However, 98 varieties died after planting, and only 1 pear tree was successfully grafted with local wild pears. The pears are ripe and fragrant, and the villagers come to taste them and congratulate them. The story reached the ears of Bayi (the landlord). Bayi wants to buy the tree with gold and silver treasures and silks and satins, and girls are not allowed to teach others cultivation techniques. The girl refused Bayi's request. Bayi became angry from embarrassment and ordered the dog to cut down the pear tree and kill the girl. But the next year, the roots of the cut pear trees grew green branches. The villagers were afraid that Bayi would know, so they quickly moved the pear tree. In this way, Korla fragrant pears have been planted in thousands of households. 1986 In September, after eating Korla fragrant pears in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, Queen Elizabeth nodded frequently and praised them again and again: "Good pears! Good pear! Really a fruit prince. " Since then, Korla fragrant pear has been designated as the best fruit for entertaining VIPs. In India, fragrant pears are called "Zinaro Fromin", which means "Prince China". So where is the real "Prince China"? Just in tiemenguan, 9 kilometers northeast of Korla, there are not many tourists. Close the door, a small official, facing the stone wall all day. The bridge spans thousands of dangers, and the two cliffs on the road plate are narrow; Try to climb the west wing. Cen Can (7 15-770), a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled On the Tower of tiemenguan. Tiemenguan is one of the 36 passes of the Silk Road, and it is the only place where Yanqi in the middle of the Silk Road goes to Kuqa (now Kuqa). Tiemenguan is a canyon cut by Peacock River, sandwiched by two mountains, with towering stone walls, tens of meters high and15km long. Why did Prince Li Xiang monopolize tiemenguan? Why is tiemenguan fragrant pear slightly bigger, with shiny skin, bright color, fine meat, no residue, juicy and crisp and sweet? There are three reasons for this. First, because tiemenguan is far away from the world, it is hidden by the fertile Peacock River in the mountains. The pear trees here are tall and lush, and are called "Xanadu Pear Garden"; Second, because tiemenguan is the origin of Korla fragrant pear and the first foothold of Hanhai pear; Third, because of human behavior factors, because the "Korla fragrant pear legend" has long been a household name.