This paper depicts a folk picture of the Spring Festival in old Beijing, showing the solemnity and liveliness of the Spring Festival and the warmth and beauty of the holiday customs in China. At the same time, comparing the Spring Festival between the old society and the new society, it highlights that the new society has changed customs and customs, and the Spring Festival has been happy and healthy, expressing the author's praise for the new China and the new society. The full text is full of simple language with Beijing flavor, and the sentences are simple and natural, fluent and accessible, with strong expressive force and appeal.
Excerpts from Beijing Spring Festival:
Laba will also soak Laba garlic on this day. On this day, garlic cloves are put in high vinegar, sealed and eaten in jiaozi for Chinese New Year. By the end of the year, garlic is soaked like jade, and vinegar has some spicy taste, which makes people want to eat more jiaozi. In Beijing, during the Spring Festival, every family eats jiaozi.
Since Laba, shopkeepers have increased their efforts to buy new year's goods on the ground, and there are many stalls on the street-selling Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, honey products, daffodils and the like, which will only appear in this season. These stalls, which catch up with the new year's goods, have taught the children to have a fast heartbeat. In hutongs, the hawking sounds are more complicated than usual, and some only appear in the twelfth lunar month, such as selling constitutional books, pine branches, barley seeds, rice cakes and so on.
When there was an emperor, schoolchildren didn't go to school on the 19th of the twelfth lunar month and took annual leave in January. When children prepare for the Spring Festival, the first thing they do is almost to buy mixed food. This is made of various dried fruits (peanuts, dates, hazelnuts, chestnuts, etc.). ) mix candied fruit 2. Ordinary ones have skins and advanced ones have no skins-for example, ordinary ones use hazelnuts with skins and advanced ones use hazelnuts. Children like to eat these odds and ends. Even if they don't have jiaozi to eat, they have to buy mixed food. Their second big thing is to buy firecrackers, especially boys. I'm afraid the third thing is to buy toys-kites, diabolos, harmonicas, etc. -And New Year pictures. Children are busy, adults are nervous. They must prepare food and drinks for the New Year. They must also make new shoes and clothes for children to show the new atmosphere of Vientiane in the new year.
This is almost a "rehearsal" to celebrate the New Year on the 23rd. In the old society, firecrackers sounded at every household in King of Man, and the paper image of the kitchen god was burned to ashes with the firecrackers, which was euphemistically called sending the kitchen god to heaven. A few days ago, there were many people selling maltose and glutinous rice candy in the street. This candy is shaped like a rectangle or melon. As the old saying goes, if you stick sugar on the kitchen god's mouth, he won't report the bad things at home to the jade emperor when he gets to heaven. Now, there are still selling sugar, but it is only for everyone to enjoy, and it is no longer confined to the mouth of the chef.
After twenty-three, everyone will be busy, and the New Year will arrive in a blink of an eye. Before New Year's Eve, every household should put up Spring Festival couplets and have a general cleaning, which is called general cleaning. We must prepare enough meat, chicken, fish, vegetables and rice cakes for at least a week-according to the old custom, most shopkeepers close their doors in Wutian Gate until the sixth day of the first month. If you don't prepare food for the next few days, it's not easy to make up temporarily. Also, in the old society, my mother said that it was unlucky to cut everything that should be cut on New Year's Eve, in order to save the knives from the first day to the fifth day of the first month. This implies superstition, but it also shows that people are really peace-loving and don't even want to move a kitchen knife at the age of one.
New Year's Eve is really lively. Every household is scrambling to make new year's dishes, and there is wine and meat everywhere. Men, women and children all put on new clothes, put up red couplets outside the door, and put up various New Year pictures in the house. All the houses were lit all night, and guns were fired day and night. People who work outside will go home for a family reunion dinner and worship their ancestors unless they have to. That night, no one slept except very young children, but everyone stayed up late.
The scene of New Year's Day is very different from that of New Year's Eve: on New Year's Eve, the street was crowded with people; On the first day of New Year's Day, all the stores put up boards, and the paper sheets of firecrackers set off last night were piled in front of the door. The whole city is resting, and the men go out to visit relatives and friends before noon. Women receive guests at home. At the same time, there are many temples open for people to visit inside and outside the city. Vendors set up stalls outside the temple, selling tea, food and all kinds of fun things. Dazhong Temple outside the North City, Baiyun Temple outside the West City and the Temple of Fire (Long Hall) in the South City are the most famous. However, the first two or three days after the opening of the temple were not very lively, because people were still busy celebrating each other's New Year and had no time and time. On the fifth and sixth day of the fifth lunar month, the temple fair began to be beautiful, and the children went to visit it with great enthusiasm, in order to see the wild interests outside the city, ride donkeys and buy those unique toys for the New Year. There is a car race in the square outside Baiyun Temple. In the old days, it was said that there were camel races. These competitions are not about who is the first and who is the second, but about performing the graceful postures and skills of mules, horses and riders in front of the audience.
Lao She (1899-1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, has now given up. Manchu is a red flag man. 1899 was born in a poor family in Xiaoyangjia Hutong, Xicheng, Beijing. His father, Shu Yongshou, was a military guard who defended the imperial city in the Qing Dynasty. 1900 was killed in the battle with Eight-Nation Alliance. Ma Shi, the mother, was born in a farmhouse and could not read. After her husband died, she made a living by doing odd jobs for others.
Lao She was born in Beijing No.3 Middle School on 19 13. After half a year, she could not afford the tuition, transferred to Beijing Normal School, which provided free accommodation, and graduated from 19 18. 1922 Chinese teacher in Ren Zhongxue Department of Nankai School. 1924 to be a Chinese lecturer at Oriental College, University of London.
His representative works include Divorce, Camel Xiangzi, Broken Soul Gun, Crescent Moon, My Life, Four Generations of a Family, Under the Red Flag, Teahouse, Longxugou, Remnant Fog, Fang Mingzhu, Chunhua Qiushi and so on.
References:
Lao She-Baidu Encyclopedia