65438 blooms in February-March. Chimonanthus praecox alias Ran Huangmei and Huang Meihua. Chimonanthus of Chimonanthaceae. Deciduous shrub, about 3 meters high, with opposite leaves, elliptic, ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves, tapering apex, rounded or wedge-shaped base, 7- 15 cm long, entire and rough surface; Amphoteric flowers, solitary in the axils of annual branches, with short pedicels, yellow, waxy and fragrant, flowering in 65438+February-March. Cultivated varieties are Chimonanthus praecox; Diesel wintersweet; Chimonanthus praecox is native to central China. It likes sunshine, but it is also slightly tolerant to shade, cold and drought. It is called "Chimonanthus praecox that never dies after drought". Light loam which is not strict with soil quality and has good drainage is suitable. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records: "Chimonanthus praecox, whose real name is Huang Meihua, is not plum, so it is named because it is similar to plum in fragrance and color. Flowers: pungent, warm and nontoxic. Relieve summer heat and promote fluid production. " In the early Qing Dynasty, the reading mirror said, "Chimonanthus praecox is commonly known as Chimonanthus praecox, Huangmei and Feimei. Because it is placed with plum, its fragrance is similar, its color is like beeswax, and the twelfth month is open, so it has its name. " Chimonanthus praecox is also called Huang Meihua, snowflake, wax wood, wax flower and croton flower. It belongs to Chimonanthus of Chimonanthaceae, a deciduous shrub with a height of 2-4 meters. Branches and stems are square, brownish red, and have oval prominent lenticels. The bud has many imbricate scales. Leaves opposite, apex acuminate or acute, base rounded or broadly cuneate, elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire. The flowers and leaves are open and fragrant, with a diameter of about 2.5 cm. Perianth is multi-slice, waxy and translucent; Receptacle oval, about 4 cm long, semi-lignified, capsule-shaped, persistent, covered with filiform hairs, containing several achenes, one seed per fruit. The flowering period is from February 65438 to February, and the fruiting period is from June to September. Chimonanthus praecox is mainly distributed in the southern part of the Yellow River Basin, cultivated everywhere, and wild in Qinling and Hubei. There are many cultivated varieties. According to Zhao Tianbang's book Chimonanthus praecox in China, Chimonanthus praecox has four varieties, 12 and 165. Among them, there are pure yellow, golden yellow, light yellow, dark yellow, purple yellow, silvery white, pale white, snow white and yellowish white, and the stamens are red, purple and white. Among them, the best is Yanling Chimonanthus praecox produced in Yanling County, Henan Province, which is known as "Yanling Chimonanthus praecox is the best in the world". The representative variety is' Suxin Chimonanthus praecox': it is called' Yanling Suxin Chimonanthus praecox' in Yanling literature, and its heart is white and fragrant. It is also called Jin Zhongmei because its flowering period is not fully open, and its mouth is open downwards, like "hanging on a golden bell". Chimonanthus praecox is a traditional and precious ornamental flower with a long cultivation history and rich Chimonanthus praecox culture. Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, called wintersweet Han Mei, and there is a saying that "Han Mei is known through a wild pond". Yao's Remnant Pieces also called Chimonanthus praecox a cold guest. Chimonanthus praecox is the first flower among all flowers before spring, especially the tiger-hoofed plum, which blooms in October of the lunar calendar, so it is called early plum. Chimonanthus praecox flowers first, then leaves, and flowers and leaves don't match. Chimonanthus praecox has thinner branches when it blooms, so it is also called dried plum. Most of the days when Chimonanthus praecox blooms are snowy, so I want to enjoy Chimonanthus praecox. When it snows, I come through the snow, so it is also called Xue Mei. It is also called Chimonanthus praecox, because Chimonanthus praecox blooms at the beginning of winter and bears fruit at the end of winter. Chimonanthus praecox is the best flower viewing tree species in winter because of its unique personality, and it is also one of the first choice tree species for urban beautification, fragrance and air purification. At the same time, Chimonanthus praecox has developed root system, strong growth adaptability and strong rooting and germination, and is an excellent tree species for soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation. It can be used as a clustered flowering shrub for street greening, and can also be cultivated into small trees as street trees. It can not only form large-scale landscapes such as Meishan, Meiyuan and Meiyu in the park rockery and lakeside, but also form sketches in the lawn plate with broad vision. It can be planted in the open space of the garden and can be free and easy naturally. Can also be bred into carved bonsai, get a wonderful artistic conception, can also be cut into flower arrangements. Chimonanthus praecox not only has ornamental value, but also was used as a dish or snack in ancient times. Flowers are often used for health care and longevity. He Guozhen's "Flower Cooking Recipe" lists the varieties of flowers such as wintersweet bean curd soup and wintersweet glass chicken slices. These flowers can also be eaten in other ways. For example, after air-drying flowers, add tea leaves to make Chimonanthus praecox tea, or directly pour a few flowers instead of tea leaves into boiling water, which has a strong aroma and has the effect of relieving cough and asthma. Flowers can also be used as cooking ingredients, such as fish, shrimp and tofu or soup, which are delicious and fragrant. Chimonanthus praecox contains volatile oil. Oil contains borneol, eucalyptus oil, linalool, myricetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, a- carotene, linoleic acid, oleic acid and other chemical components, and leaves contain myricetin, myricetin and isorhamnetin. Fresh leaves contain cyanohydric acid. Seeds contain fatty oil, fatty acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and other components. And it has good medicinal value, such as flower buds: warm in nature, sweet in taste and slightly bitter. Relieve summer heat, promote fluid production, stimulate appetite, relieve depression, moisten dryness and relieve cough. Indications: dizziness, vomiting, qi stagnation, stuffy stomach, measles, whooping cough, scald, fire injury, otitis media, etc. Rhizome, Xinwen. Dispelling wind and regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and detoxifying. Indications: asthma, cough, stomachache, abdominal pain, rheumatism, itching, sores and swelling, traumatic injury, etc. Appropriate amount for external use, grind and sprinkle. Here are some common recipes about wintersweet. Chronic cough: 9 grams of wintersweet, soaked in boiling water instead of tea. Stomach gas pain: Chimonanthus praecox or root 9 ~ 15g, taken with tea or decoction. Otitis media: Soak the bud of Chimonanthus praecox in sesame oil or rapeseed oil for 3-5 days, and put 2-3 drops of oil on the ear each time. Wind-cold cold: root (dry product) 15g, 3~5 slices of ginger decocted in water, and appropriate amount of brown sugar. Burn: Chimonanthus praecox is soaked in rapeseed oil and applied to the affected area. Summer heat, upset dizziness, headache: Chimonanthus praecox, flat tofu, fresh lotus leaf, appropriate amount, decocted in water. Acute conjunctivitis: 6 grams of wintersweet and 9 grams of chrysanthemum, decocted in water and taken with a little honey. Alias Huang Meihua, Chimonanthus Praecox (L.)) link [Calycanthus Praecox L. Poa pratensis. Et Wils Chimonanthus praecox ], use buds, roots and root bark as medicine. Collecting flower buds in late winter and early spring; Roots and bark can be harvested in all seasons; Bake or dry. Sexual taste: pungent and cool. Root and root bark: Xin Wen. Indications: relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production, stimulating appetite and relieving cough. Used for dizziness, vomiting, qi stagnation, stomach tightness, measles and whooping cough; External use for treating scald and otitis media. Root: dispel wind, detoxify and stop bleeding. Can be used for treating common cold, lumbar muscle strain and rheumatoid arthritis. Root bark: external use for treating knife wound bleeding. Usage and dosage Bud 1 ~ 2 yuan, decocted in water; Soak peanut oil or vegetable oil for external use into "Chimonanthus praecox oil" and apply it to the affected area or drop it into the ear. Root 5 money, decocted in water; Grind the root bark (scrape off the outer skin) and apply it to the affected area. [Biological characteristics] Chimonanthus praecox, also known as Chimonanthus praecox, is a deciduous shrub of Chimonanthus in Chimonanthaceae. The trunk is clustered and yellow-brown. Simple leaves opposite, elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire, setose and petiole. Flowers are solitary on both sides of branches and bloom after defoliation in winter. The flowers are sallow, fragrant, slightly shiny and waxy. Chimonanthus praecox is a unique flower plant in China, with a wide variety, such as Chimonanthus suxin, Chimonanthus xinkou, Chimonanthus red and Chimonanthus petiolatus. The perianth is pure yellow or deep yellow, and the inner perianth has crimson purple stripes or red thick purple stripes. Nature likes sunshine, is slightly tolerant of shade, cold, drought and wind. It requires deep, fertile, well-drained neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam to avoid moisture and water accumulation. [Propagation and Cultivation] Propagation adopts grafting, cutting and rameting, with grafting as the main method. Grafting can use seedlings or ramets as rootstocks for cutting or budding. Cutting can be carried out after leaf buds germinate in spring, and bud grafting can be carried out in rainy season. After the grafting survives, the tillers grown on the rootstock should be removed in time. Chimonanthus praecox has thick branches, so it should be pruned when it is cultivated to keep the tree beautiful. Pruning can be done after flowering and before leaf development. Long branches should be cut short appropriately to promote many short and strong flower branches. Most annual branches can form flower buds. After germination, young fruits should be cut off to concentrate nutrition and form new flower buds. Fertilize once after leaves or flowers wither, apply liquid fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times in summer, and change pots of potted Chimonanthus praecox every 2 ~ 3 years. 【 Features and uses 】 Chimonanthus praecox is bright in color and rich in aroma. Flowers bloom in winter and last for 3 months. It is often used to decorate gardens, plant in clusters or pieces, or as bonsai material and indoor flower arrangement. The propagation and management of Chimonanthus praecox can be carried out by sowing, layering, grafting, branching and other propagation methods. Generally, sowing method is not used, because it is not easy to maintain the original excellent characteristics of flowers. The advantage of sowing lies in mass propagation, while Chimonanthus praecox only needs to cultivate a small number of plants. Grafting is widely used. There are two methods of grafting: cutting and docking, and cutting is the most commonly used. The cutting time is around the middle of March, and it is best to do it when the leaf buds of Chimonanthus praecox just germinate to the size of rice grains. If you miss the opportunity, the leaf buds are too big or have sprouted, it is not easy to survive. Commonly used Chimonanthus praecox seedlings were used as rootstocks for cutting, and precious varieties Suxin or Chimonanthus praecox were used as scions. The scion should choose one-year-old stout long branches one month ago, and cut off its top to concentrate nutrients on the buds in the middle of the branches. The scion is about 7-8 cm long with 1-2 pairs of buds. When cutting the scion, don't cut it too deep, just slightly expose the xylem. The rootstock stake is cut from 5-6 cm above the ground, cut downward from 1/3 of the diameter of the rootstock, and split 4-5 cm. Insert the Chimonanthus praecox scion into the incision of the rootstock, align it with the stratum, tie it tightly with soft hemp skin, and then seal the rootstock and scion together with loose soil until the top of the scion is covered. After that, keep the soil moist. After a month, loosen the soil and check whether it survives. If it survives, wipe off other new buds on the rootstock to promote the growth of grafted buds. Then cover with loose soil to prevent the newly grafted buds from dying by the wind and sun. In another month, gradually remove the soil and let the new buds gradually accept the sun. Chimonanthus praecox propagated by this method grows vigorously and can grow to about 50 cm in that year. Chimonanthus praecox is also propagated by ramets. If only a few plants need to be propagated, this method is suitable. Generally, ramet propagation is carried out in February-March when the leaf buds have not germinated in spring. When dividing plants, first dig out the soil near the root of the mother plant, and cut the daughter plant from the root with a sterilized sharp knife to form a new plant. Then plant, pay attention to shading after planting, keep the soil moist, and apply liquid fertilizer every half month after dog days to make the branches and leaves grow vigorously and bloom in 2-3 years. This method is simple and feasible, with high survival rate and short seedling raising time. Potted Chimonanthus praecox mainly master four measures: cutting, fertilizing, watering and pest control. 1. Timely pruning: Chimonanthus praecox has thick branches and is known as the proverb "Chimonanthus praecox does not lack branches". By pruning in time, it can sprout more robust branches and make it blossom more. -Generally, it is advisable to prune the flowers in time after they wither and before they come out, and cut off dead branches, over-dense branches, cross branches and moth-eaten branches. Leave 2-3 pairs of buds at the base of annual branches, and cut off the upper branches to promote germination and branching. After each new branch grows to 2 ~ 3 pairs of leaves, it should be pitted to promote the germination of short and strong flower branches and make the plant shape symmetrical and beautiful. Pruning is mostly carried out in March-June and stopped after July. If it is not suitable for pruning, it will take out a lot of long branches, consume nutrients, make the flower buds not differentiate much, and affect flowering. 2. Timely fertilization: Chimonanthus praecox is a fertilizer-loving flower. Timely fertilization can promote flower bud differentiation and blossom more. Potted Chimonanthus praecox, due to the limited potted soil, the soil should be sandy nutrient soil with high humus and loose air permeability. Apply foliar fertilizer twice in spring, and apply compound fertilizer 1 time every1day from the end of June to lodging. The dog days are also the flower bud differentiation period. It is also the vigorous growth period of new roots, and then apply 1 to 2 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. At this time, fertilization should be sparse, otherwise it will easily burn the roots. After the autumn is cool, apply dry fertilizer once, and apply 40 ~ 60 grams of decomposed cake powder to each pot to better enrich the growth of flower buds. Before and after winter, apply 1 to 2 times of organic liquid fertilizer to provide nutrients needed for flowering. Phosphorus and potassium are the main fertilizers, and nitrogen fertilizer is less. The general ratio of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is 2: 1:0.5. In this way, the flowers of Chimonanthus praecox are bigger, more flowers and more fragrant. 3. Proper watering: Chimonanthus praecox is characterized by drought tolerance and fear of waterlogging. For example, too high water content, too wet soil and poor plant growth will all affect flower bud differentiation. Therefore, when potted wintersweet, it is advisable to keep the soil dry. Usually it is not aired or watered, but watered thoroughly. However, in the "dog days" high temperature season, it is necessary to water more to maintain the normal growth of plants and make the flower buds develop normally. Special attention must be paid to proper watering before or during flowering. Too much watering is easy to drop buds and flowers, and too little watering is not neat. 4. Pest control: Chimonanthus praecox has fewer diseases and more pests, such as aphids, scale insects, spiny moths and leaf rollers. Aphids suck juice on shoots, scale insects suck juice on branches, and spiny moths and leaf rollers bite leaves, new buds and flower buds. Prevention should be given priority to, and flowerpots should be placed in an environment with sufficient light and good ventilation to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. If the above pests are found, 50% chlorpyrifos 1000 times can be sprayed. In order to reduce the pollution to the environment of flower cultivation, it can also be killed by indigenous methods. For example, scale insects can be killed with acid and vinegar solutions, aphids can be killed with washing powder water, and a small amount can be killed manually.