Since we are going to talk about Hang Shijun, let's talk about Hang Shijun briefly.

Hang Shijun (A.D. 1695 ~ A.D. 1773) was a scholar, historian, writer and bibliophile in the Qing Dynasty, with a large number of words, alias Guang Zhi Jushi, Qin Ting Laomin, Chunshui Laoren, Ajun and Renhe (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).

Hang Shijun has been diligent in learning all his life. Although he is famous for his poems, he is really good at history.

He once built an ancient temple and a pavilion to fill the history.

Hang Shijun's works are quite abundant, amounting to hundreds of volumes, including Doubts on Historical Records, Textual Research on Historical Records, Notes on the Records of the Han Dynasty, Supplementary Notes on the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Supplementary Biography of the Book of Jin and Northern History. , and added the history of Jin.

When he was in the pavilion, he copied hundreds of volumes of the Book of Rites of Confucianism in the Song and Yuan Dynasties from the Yongle Dadian, in order to continue the book of Wei Zhengshu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, but few people have saved it now.

Hang Shijun also has 48 volumes of Collected Works of Daogutang, 26 volumes of Poems of Daogutang, Textual Research on Stone Classics, Continued Dialects, Poems of Rongcheng, Records of Zhejiang Classics, Records of Arts and Literature in Past Dynasties, Questioning of Classics and History, Insufficiency of Selected Works, and Rong Gui Tangji.

Sejong (Yong Zhengdi) of the Qing Dynasty took the provincial examination in Chenjia in the second year of Yongzheng (AD 1724) and took the senior high school entrance examination in Hang Shijun.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong's reign (A.D. 1736), Hang Shijun tried to learn and edit Hongci.

Hang Shijun's personality is straightforward and generous, and he doesn't like to hide anything. He will accuse others of their mistakes to their face. Therefore, when Hang Shijun was in North Korea, his colleagues were very jealous of him.

In the eighth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1743), the emperor hoped to select some honest and clean people from the officials. Therefore, the imperial court specially set up the so-called "Yangcheng Ma Zhouke", organized examinations, and selected outstanding officials among officials such as Hanlin.

The reason why Kurt was named "Yangcheng Ma Zhouke" was probably because the talents that Emperor Qianlong was looking for hoped that they would become officials like Yangcheng and Ma Zhou in the future.

At this point, let's talk about Mazhou and Yangcheng.

Ma Zhou (AD 60 1 ~ AD 648) was born in chiping, Qinghe (now Chiping Town, Chiping County, Shandong Province) and was the prime minister of Taizong () period. In the fifth year of Zhenguan (AD 63 1 year), the court ordered 100 officials to write a letter to discuss the gains and losses of political affairs, and was summoned by the emperor because of their achievements. In the 11th year of Zhenguan (AD 637), he was promoted to secretariat for his achievements. His repeated exhortations played a positive role in the political improvement and even the formation and continuation of "Zhenguan rule" during the Zhenguan period. His works handed down from generation to generation include Emperor Taizong's Shu Shang, Chen Shu Shang, Please Advise the Princess to Be Shu Shang, Advise the Princess to be Shu Shang on her wedding day, and Please Choose the Preface of the County.

Yangcheng (736-805 AD), a native of Beiping, Dingzhou (now Wanxian County, Hebei Province), was a famous remonstrator in Tang Dezong (Shili) period. He once said: "Yangcheng Mountain people can endure hardships and are not happy with fame and fortune. Now they are exhorters, and they will be able to serve with their lives. " . At that time, Pei Yanling, Li Qiyun and Wei Qumou successively used traitors, slanderers, ruined ministers and Lu Zhi. No one dares to save them. Yang Shu and Wang Zhongshu discussed the innocence of Pei Yanling and others. Tang Dezong's great anger will add the great sin of Yangcheng. When Tang Shunzong (Li Yong) was in the East Palace, he was exempted from being a Yangcheng.

After talking about Yangcheng and Mazhou, I will continue to talk about the "Yangcheng Mazhou Branch" specially set up by the Qing court.

Hang Shijun was qualified to take this special exam, and he also took part.

As soon as he entered the examination room, Hang Shijun wrote a book and expressed his thoughts. Before Japan and China, he had written thousands of words, including:

"Opinions can't be decided first, and there can't be too many domains. There are many Manchu talents. In contrast, there are only three or four governors in the world, and all the governors in the world are from China, and the governors are nothing. Why are they all from China? There are many talents in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, but few people in the corner. Today, it is due to the employment of people in the border provinces, regardless of talent, performance and salary. Those who haven't been tuned for ten years are all from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Isn't this a field of opinion? "

Hang Shijun directly questioned the bias of employing people in the Qing court. He thinks that there are few people in the world, but there are not rulers everywhere. Jiangsu and Zhejiang are full of talents, but no one has promoted them for many years.

Because of the blunt language, it directly touched the Manchu psychology of prevention and touched the most taboo issue of Manchu rulers: "Manchu-Chinese border." Therefore, when Emperor Qianlong saw Hang Shijun, he flew into a rage.

Subsequently, Hang Shijun was accused of "playing privately", and the penalty department suggested that he be sentenced to death.

Finally, Xu Ben, the minister of punishments, tried to intercede for Hang Shijun, saying that he was "a crazy student, and his voice was loud for a long time when he was a student", and he kept kowtowing to Emperor Qianlong, and his forehead was swollen. Finally, he got the result that Hang Shijun did not die and was dismissed from his post.

Xu Ben and Hang Shijun are fellow villagers. They are from Qiantang, Zhejiang, and Xu Chaozi is a senior minister. Emperor Qianlong acceded to the throne, ordered Xu Ben to walk in the army, transferred the ministers of punishments, and soon ordered him to assist in the affairs of the Prime Minister. In the first year of Qianlong (A.D. 1736), he was conferred the title of University Master Dongge, Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and President of Chongshizong Records. In the second year of Qianlong (AD 1737), Xu Ben studied in Zhinan. In order to jointly organize the affairs of the Prime Minister, Tosala Hafan was appointed as the Prime Minister. After three years of Qianlong (AD 1738), he served as Minister of Military Affairs. Qianlong four years (A.D. 1739), the title of Prince Jiataibao. In seven years (A.D. 1742), he took charge of the ministers of the Ministry of Housing. In June of the ninth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1744), he begged for leave due to illness, and added Prince Taifu as an official.

At that time, Hang Shijun was still very proud of himself after answering the paper.

When Hang Shijun was having dinner in his colleague's apartment, suddenly news came from the palace, saying that his guilt was heavy and his life was unpredictable.

Colleagues were very scared. They suggested that Hang Shijun should come back soon.

Hang Shijun said with a smile:

"Don't be afraid, even if I am guilty, I will be executed in the capital market when I am executed. I would never defile a place here. What is there to be afraid of? "

Soon, Hang Shijun was saved from death.

Hang Shijun's family is not rich. After returning to his hometown, he made a living as a teacher and an apprentice. He has taught in Yangzhou Anding Academy for decades and educated scholars with practical learning.

The so-called practical learning is the ideological trend and theory with the purpose of "applying practical knowledge" as the main content; Originating in the Song Dynasty and reaching the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is a staged theoretical form of the development of Confucianism, and it has become the intermediary and bridge for the transformation of China's ancient thoughts into modern thoughts.

In his spare time, Hang Shijun writes books behind closed doors and never participates in external affairs. He doesn't decorate, and his life is lazy. Sometimes, in January, he doesn't even tidy his clothes.

I think I am afraid of poverty. It is said that Hang Shijun has a special interest in money. Every time there is a teaching award, he will choose a larger copper coin, string it with a rope and pile it under the bed. Later, the copper coins piled up under Hang Shijun's bed were nearly a foot high. Those copper coins, small, broken and privately cast, will not be selected as strings. Hang Shijun will use these unselected copper coins for daily expenses.

Perhaps it was because Hang Shijun was either reading, writing or fiddling with his copper coins. At that time, people said that Hang Shijun's hands were covered with black ink or thick verdigris.

Although some people sarcastically say that Hang Shijun is addicted to money, a gentleman loves money and uses it wisely. He is not the kind of person who reaches for money.

Once, a businessman offended the government's salt ambassador because of one thing. Some people say that this matter must be solved by Hang Shijun, and no one else can. The businessman went to Hang Shijun's residence in the middle of the night to ask for help and brought a lot of money. After meeting Hang Shijun, the businessman put the money on Hang Shijun's box. Hang Shijun felt that this violated his own principle of dealing with people, so he threw the money to the businessman and ignored it.

In his life, Hang Shijun likes reading news least (Di Bao). During his twenty years in his hometown, he didn't know that some people's official positions had accumulated to bachelor, minister of history, governor and other court officials.

In the year of Wuzi in the lunar calendar (A.D. 1768 in the thirty-third year of Qianlong), Liu Lun's mother was worried about getting clothes, and the Qing court specially ordered her to co-organize a college land with officials and officials.

Liu Lun (A.D.171~ A.D. 1773) was born in Wujin, Jiangsu. Family, 19 years of students. Into the shogunate of Yin Jishan, Governor of Liangjiang River. If you are good at classical Chinese, you can also write poems. Together with Liu Tongxun, a great scholar, he was called "Nan Liu".

On the same day, Liu Lun went to Beijing. She passed by Yangzhou to visit Hang Shijun.

Hang Shijun saw Liu Lun wearing a crown on her clothes and was surprised to ask:

What are you doing now?

Liu Lun replied:

"Since you asked, I also dare not cheat. I have been involved in cabinet affairs for several years. "

Hang Shijun joked:

"You, a young man under Wu, have joined the cabinet to handle affairs."

Liu Lun is sixteen years younger than Hang Shijun, so Hang Shijun said so.

When Hang Shijun finished speaking, everyone burst into laughter.

Hang Shijun goes back to Qiantang twice a year. When he goes back, when he has nothing to do, he will take a few hundred dollars and play with teenagers in the village under Wang Xianqiao near his residence.

At that time, Qian Weicheng was studying in central Zhejiang (visiting various governments, departments, states and counties).

Qian Weicheng (A.D. 1720 ~ A.D. 1772), Shi, Ming, Zi Zongpan, Ming You 'an, Jia, a native of Wujin, Jiangsu, was named for ten years (A.D. 1745), and was the top scholar.

Because Qian Weicheng used to work in Hanlin, he was backward in front of Hang Shijun.

In summer, Qian Weicheng and Zhang Qian went to visit Hang Shijun by bus. As Wang Xianqiao approached, Qian Weicheng saw Hang Shijun wearing a short suit and holding a banana fan from the car, playing with the teenagers in the village.

Qian Weicheng immediately got off and bowed to Hang Shijun:

"The seniors are coming!"

Hang Shijun immediately covered her face with a banana fan in her hand. Then he thought for a moment, so he couldn't hide himself. So, he turned and said:

"You have seen me!"

The implication is:

You can go back!

Qian Weicheng said:

"I'm going to visit you at my predecessors' home! "

Hang Shijun said:

"My residence, the house is low and the space is narrow, so many people can't accommodate you and your entourage!"

Qian Weicheng insisted on going to Hang Shijun's house, but Hang Shijun refused.

In the end, there was no result, so Qian Weicheng couldn't come to the door and had to go back the same way.

After Qian Weicheng left, he saw the officials dispersed in a hubbub, and the teenagers hiding under Wang Xianqiao ran out. They around Hang Shijun, surprised and asked:

"Who are you? Scholars see you so respectful. "

Hang Shijun said with a smile:

"Shi Xue was my junior when I was in Yamen!"

He left without saying his name.

In other words, Hang Shijun studied and memorized extensively, and when he spoke, he was eloquent.

At that time, Bao Fang in Tongcheng had become a minor celebrity.

Fang Bao (A.D. 1668 ~ A.D. 1749), born in jiangning house (now Liuhe liu village, Nanjing, Jiangsu), was an essayist in Qing Dynasty and a prose writer of Tongcheng School.

Only Hang Shijun can talk to Fang Bao Kan Kan and argue back and forth.

Fang Bao is very humble in front of Hang Shijun and will avoid it.

At that time, the sage clashed with Hang Shijun on the issue of Confucian classics. After reading his article, Hang Shijun said:

"A sentence in this book is in an episode. Why don't you make a fuss and pick up the rest? "

Some students ask Hang Shijun for welfare. Hang Shijun asked him what he usually studied. As soon as the students answered professional questions, Hang Shijun heckled them with Confucian classics, but the students couldn't answer them. The students answered by specializing in history, Hang Shijun questioned by historical events, and the students were poor in words; Finally, the students said:

"I can roughly know the history of the sixteen countries in the late Western Jin Dynasty."

So, Hang Shijun asked again:

"Do you know that there is A Mu Rong Chui at this time? Do you know how tall Mu Rongchui is? Do you know the geometry of Mu Rongchui's birthday? "

The students were speechless and left in shame and frustration.

Because of this, Hang Shijun has aroused the envy and jealousy of many people.

Hang Shijun is simple and elegant, without decoration. Although his peers are often envied by him, he often says to himself:

"My classics are not as good as Wu Dongbi;"

Wu Dongbi, namely Wu Huating, a scholar in Qing Dynasty; Ci in the forest, east wall; First named Lan Fang, later renamed Hua Ting in the name of Xiang Gong. Originally from Xiuning, he moved to Hushuli, Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the early Ming Dynasty. The sage of Qing Dynasty (Michelle Ye) was a juren in Kangxi period. The official Xinghua government passed the judgment, and Gan Long suggested amending the Three Rites and writing the Rites. He is the author of Yi San Li, Qu Tai Lu Xiao and Dong Bi Shu Zhuang Ji.

"My historiography is not as good as the whole Xie Shan;"

Quan Xieshan, that is, Quan (A.D. 1705 ~ A.D. 1755), was born in Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province (now Yinzhou District, Ningbo City), an important representative of the East Zhejiang School in Qing Dynasty, a famous historian and writer with profound knowledge and brilliant talents. He is the author of 38 volumes of Qi Yingting Collection, 50 volumes of External Compilation, 65,438+00 volumes of Poems, as well as Geographical Suspicions of Han Dynasty, Chronology of Ancient and Modern General History, Classic Questions and Answers, Notes on Shuijing and Three Notes on Wang Yinglin in Southern Song Dynasty.

"My poetics is inferior to Li"

Li, namely Li E (1692 ~ 1752), was a famous poet and scholar in Qing dynasty, also known as Huayin in Nanhu. His ancestral home is Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and he is the backbone of the West Zhejiang Ci School. He is the author of Xie Fan Mountain Residence Collection, Chronicle of Song Poetry, Liao History Collection, Miscellaneous Notes of Dongcheng, Miscellaneous Poems of Southern Song Dynasty, etc. Among them, The Miscellaneous Poems of Southern Song Dynasty is noted by various books and valued by historians. .

So is Hang Shijun's modest concession.

This paper takes the anecdotes in the Who's Who of Academic Masterpieces in Qing Dynasty by Ge Xucun and the anecdotes in the Unknown Family in Qing Dynasty as materials.

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The above is about the year of Yongzheng Chen Jia, and it is about the sharing of Qianlong. After watching Mao Yi in Shunzhi, I hope this will help everyone!