Tea culture is very important in the life of Han people. Tea has always been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the late primitive commune, tea became a commodity exchange. During the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea was recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period. Another example is that in the Han Dynasty, tea has become a special tonic for Buddhist meditation. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of drinking tea. During the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry flourished, and tea became "indispensable to others". Teahouses, tea banquets and tea parties appeared one after another to encourage guests to worship tea. In Song Dynasty, fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular.
When did China start drinking tea? Everyone has a different opinion. But generally speaking, it can be said that it began in the Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, drinking tea, Lu Yu's tea classic volume "Drink of Six Teas" was a general statement, saying: "Tea is a kind of drink, which originated from Shennong and was heard in Duke Zhou of Lu. Yan Ying in Qi, Han You, Jin You, Liu Kun, Zhang Zai, Yuan Zunan, Xie An and Zuo Si all drink. " But many of them are not historical facts. It is a historical fact, and it is not easy to understand without appearances. "Tea Classic" says: Shennong's book "Tea is long-lasting, strong and pleasing" (Liu Yuanchang's Tea History, Volume 1). Lu Yu's Tea Classic holds that drinking tea originated from Shennong's family, but the Book of Food Classic is a fake book, which is well known and not credible. Erya has a saying "bitter tea". The world regards Erya as the work of Duke Zhou. It is wrong to think that drinking tea began in the Duke of Zhou, but I don't know that Erya was not written by Duke of Zhou. There is not enough evidence to start drinking tea.
The roots unearthed from Luotianshan site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province are preliminarily judged as tea trees, and the earliest tea planting history in China may be rewritten. The pronunciation of tea originated from Banan people, and Bayu is the birthplace of tea culture.
In many parts of the world, the habit of drinking tea was handed down from China. Therefore, many people think that drinking tea was initiated by China people, and the habit of drinking and growing tea in other parts of the world was passed down directly or indirectly from China.
(1) Shennong period: Tang Lu Yu's Tea Classic: "Tea is a drink, which originated from Shennong." In the history of cultural development in China, the origin of all things related to agriculture and plants always belongs to Shennong. After coming back here, you can't push it up any more. Because of this, Shennong became the god of agriculture.
(2) Western Zhou Dynasty: Jinchangqu's "Eight Records of Huayang Country": "Zhou Wuwang's attack on Zhou Dynasty is really a teacher of Bashu, and all tea and honey are accepted." This record shows that when Zhou Wuwang attacked the week, Pakistanis had paid tribute to it with tea and other precious products. It is also recorded in Huayang National Records that there were already artificially cultivated tea gardens.
(3) Qin and Han Dynasties: Western Han Dynasty. Wang Bao's Tongyue: "Exhausting tea" and "Wuyang buying tea" are the teas after the exam. What did you find in the list of funerary objects at Mawangdui Western Han Tomb in Changsha? A piece of barnyard grass and "? A bamboo slip and woodcut, which has been verified? In other words, the variant forms of tea show that tea drinking activities in Hunan were quite extensive at that time. We still drink the same drinks as our very old ancestors, such as Jiang Taigong, which is really exciting. Can give us a lot of reverie.
(4) During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the tea growing area was continuously expanded, and the skills of growing, making and ordering tea were continuously improved. Tea culture was developed in Song Dynasty, and a number of works on tea science appeared, such as Cai Xiang's Tea Notes, Song Zian's Tea Experiment Notes, Huang Ru's Tea Tasting Notes, and especially Song Huizong Evonne's On Daguan Tea. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Liu Songnian's "Lu Tong brew tea" and Zhao Mengfu's "Fighting Tea" were even more artistic treasures of Chinese tea culture.
In ancient historical materials, there are many names of tea, but "tea" is the correct name, and the word "tea" was generally written as "tea" before the middle Tang Dynasty. The word "tea" has the nature of polysemy, which means tea, and it is one of them. Due to the development of tea production, the popularity of drinking tea is getting higher and higher, and the frequency of using tea characters is getting higher and higher. Therefore, in order to express the meaning of tea more clearly and intuitively, folk writers subtract a dash from the word "tea" and it becomes the word "tea" we see.
The germination of the word "tea" simplified from "tea" originated in the Han Dynasty. In ancient printing in China, some words of "tea" have been subtracted and changed into the shape of "tea". Not only the font, but also the pronunciation of "tea" was established in the Western Han Dynasty. For example, Chaling in Hunan was once the territory of Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty, commonly known as "Tea City", and was one of the subordinate counties of Changsha 13 at that time, which was called "Chaling County" in history. The word "tea" in Yan Shigu's annotation of Han Geography is "tea": loud and rebellious, arrogant and rebellious. This inverted phonetic notation is the pronunciation of the word "tea" now. Judging from this phenomenon, the pronunciation of the word "tea" was established earlier than that of the word "tea".
China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and many nationalities, so its language and writing are also rich and colorful. The same thing has many names, and the same name has many ways of writing.
There are many names about tea in ancient historical materials. By the middle Tang Dynasty, the sound, shape and meaning of tea had tended to be unified. Later, due to the wide spread of Lu Yu's Tea Classic, the shape of "tea" was further established until today.
In the ancient literature of China, there are long records about eating tea, and the names are different from place of origin. China's tea spread abroad as early as the Western Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu sent envoys to zhina Peninsula, he brought with him not only gold, brocade and silk, but also tea. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, China tea was exported to Turkey together with silk and porcelain. In Yongzhen Garden, Tang Shunzong, the most sincere Zen master in Japan returned to China and brought China's tea seeds back to Japan. Since then, tea has spread from China to all parts of the world, making many countries begin to grow tea and have the habit of drinking tea.
However, some people can find evidence that the habit of drinking tea was invented not only in China, but also in other parts of the world, such as India and Africa.
1823, a major of the British invading army discovered wild tea trees in India, so some people began to believe that tea originated in India, at least in India. Of course, there are records of wild tea trees in China, all of which are concentrated in the southwest, and some areas in Gansu and Hunan are also recorded. Tea tree is a very old dicotyledonous plant, which is closely related to people's lives.
In China, there are also arguments about the earliest origin of tea trees, and there are several opinions. Many people believe that in Yunnan, after careful study, a scholar asserted that Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province is the origin of tea trees. The earliest written records of artificially cultivated tea trees began with Mengshan tea in the Western Han Dynasty. This is recorded in Sichuan Tongzhi. Yan Zi's Spring and Autumn Annals Under the Miscellaneous Clouds says that "Yan Zi is harmonious, wearing ten liters of cloth, eating millet and eating five eggs of moss", thinking that drinking tea (that is, tea) began in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, Yan Zi Chun Qiu was not written by Qi Yanying, so it is difficult to be established. Moreover, Wan Weiting's Collection of Sleepy Learning says: "This edition of Yan Zi's Miscellaneous Chapters in the Spring and Autumn Annals is a three-and-a-half-year-old moss dish, which was collected as tea by Yu Lan ..." Although it is tea, it is not drinkable tea. Therefore, drinking tea is invisible in the classics. The world also takes the poem "Who is bitter for tea" as proof of drinking tea. I don't know if this tea is bitter, not "tea bitter", and I can't sell myself short. There seems to be no wind of drinking tea during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Therefore, Zhou Li Tianguan Jiazai No.1 said that the pulp man provided the king with six kinds of drinks, one is water, the other is pulp, the third is water, the fourth is cold, the fifth is medicine, and the sixth is unitary. I haven't seen tea yet
Tea drinking has been recorded since the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu drank seven liters of wine from his ministers, but only two liters, or reduced it, or took tea as wine (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi Wei Yao) and served tea at the right time. Why else would there be tea at the banquet? Zhang Hua, a Jin native, once said that "drinking real tea can make people sleep less" (Zhang Hua's Natural History), which means that Jin people also have the habit of drinking tea, so tea has a long history. Song Peihan's Tea Story said: "Tea originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and flourished today (Song Dynasty)." Correct mistakes. "Galand in Luoyang" refers to the period when Liang Wudi and Tian Jian started drinking tea in the Southern Dynasties, which is particularly wrong. The so-called wind of drinking tea began in the Han and Wei Dynasties and prevailed in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Because it was not common in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, how can we say Han and Wei Dynasties? Here are two anecdotes from Miscellanies of Tea History:
When Xiao, the king of Qi, first entered Wei, he did not eat mutton crisp paste, but often ate fresh fish soup and longed for tea juice. When I saw Xiao drinking a bucket, my name was missed. Later, he and Gaozu ate mutton and cheese porridge, and Gaozu asked him. For Japan, sheep is the ancestor of land animals and fish is the leader of aquatic animals. They're all called babies. However, tea failed, making him a slave to cheese. Gaozu laughed: Because tea is called the slave of cheese, one day, King Peng dug it up and said to Xiao, "You prepare a cup of tea (that is, fish) for me tomorrow, and cheese also has a slave."
Huang Xianfan's "A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books" said: "After the Northern Dynasties, Wei Jing's people saw Xiao drinking tea, which was surprising and missed; From the latter point of view, if Youyangte wants to prepare tea for Xiao Zhengde, it is rare and strange, and it is not a household item, which at least proves that this is not an ordinary thing. Otherwise, it is not something used by Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties. At this time, drinking tea may be confined to a certain place and is not popular among the people. So it can only be called the beginning of drinking tea. The popularity of drinking tea began in the Tang Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty began to like drinking tea. Dongpo's poem said: "Bitter tea, drinking tea out of the world. "It is based on today's tea. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become commonplace for ordinary people to drink several bowls of wine every day. "
When Zheng De surrendered, Yuan Yi wanted to make a name for himself. First, he asked how deep he was in the water. Zheng De doesn't know what he means. One day: Xiaguan was born in a water town. Since he became independent, he hasn't suffered from Yang Hou, and all the guests laughed.
Before, Wei Jing, a scholar of the Northern Dynasties, saw Xiao drinking tea, calling it strange and famous. From the latter point of view, if Youyangte wants to prepare tea for Xiao Zhengde, it is rare and strange, and it is not a household item, which at least proves that this is not an ordinary thing. Otherwise, it is not something used by Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties. At this time, drinking tea may be confined to a certain place and is not popular among the people. So it can only be called the beginning of drinking tea. The popularity of drinking tea began in the Tang Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty began to like drinking tea. Dongpo's poem says, "Send bitter tea and drink it out of the world." It is based on today's tea. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become commonplace for ordinary people to drink several bowls of wine every day. Ode to Tea by Wang Xinjian
There are thousands of white clouds, and the copper pot is fried with firewood. Pottery pots are mellow, adding interest to poetry, and porcelain ou is green and melancholy. Lao Dan's way to cultivate ambition, lyna spoke very clearly, that is, to get rid of vulgarity. Without nirvana, how to keep the source fresh?
Tea is fragrant.
Black and white, red, green, blue and yellow cattails, tea pickers dance in the air. After the rain, the sun sets again, and the tea mountain bursts into pallor. Tea pickers are in a hurry in Qingming, and tea fragrance floats all over the mountain. Now it looks better to decorate this shopping mall. Yu's Tea Classic: "Tea is a kind of drink, which originated from Shennong." In the history of cultural development in China, the origin of all things related to agriculture and plants always belongs to Shennong. However, China's view that tea drinking originated from Shennong has different views due to folklore. Some people think that tea was discovered by Shennong when he was boiling water in a large pot outside the field. Boiled water is yellowish in color, sweet and refreshing. According to Shennong's past experience of tasting herbal medicine, it was found that it was a kind of medicine. This is the most common statement about the origin of tea drinking in China.
There is also a saying attached to the pronunciation that Shennong has a crystal belly, from which food can be seen crawling in the gastrointestinal tract. When he was tasting tea, he found that there was tea flowing everywhere in his stomach, and the tea came and went, washing the gastrointestinal tract clean. Therefore, Shennong called this plant "tea" and later changed it to "tea", which became the origin of tea. In 2002, Ji Hansheng, a famous contemporary folk inventor, lived in Dingshu Town, Yixing for 14 months in order to deeply understand the famous pot-making art since the Ming Dynasty, and decided to use Yixing purple sand, which was deeply loved by compatriots on both sides of the strait, to create a special work that reflected the history of the Chinese nation and broke through the traditional pot-making art in Yixing. He devoted nearly ten years of energy and finally created the "Chinese Dragon Pot", which enriched the connotation of world tea culture.
"loong pot" adopts a patented structure that can brew two kinds of tea at the same time, symbolizing "one country, two systems". The whole teapot conveys to people the concepts of "world peace, reunification of the motherland", "one country, two systems, and social harmony", which is a great artistic masterpiece in the history of pot art since the Ming Dynasty. The appearance of "loong Pot" not only refreshes the history of world tea culture, but also has great historical significance for promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland and the peaceful development of the world. As the "tokens of peace" designated by the Organizing Committee of the Global Series of Activities for Overseas Chinese to Promote China's Peaceful Reunification and the European Association for the Promotion of China's Peaceful Reunification, there are national treasure teapots inscribed by Wang Guangying, Lien Chan and Chen Dazhang, which have been given to many heads of state and regional leaders and are also called "modern national treasures".