Changtan tourist resort
Qiu former residence
Changtan tourist resort
Changtan tourist resort
Qiu former residence
Jiaoling
Pinyin: (jiāo lǐng)
Area code: 0753
Postal code: 5 14 100
Jiaoling County is a county in Meizhou City. Located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, on the upper reaches of the Han River, it is connected to Pingyuan County in the west, Meixian County in the southeast and Wuping and Shanghang counties in Fujian Province in the north. National Highway 205 and Tianshan Expressway run through the north and south, choking the traffic of Fujian-Guangdong highway. The county is surrounded by mountains and slopes from north to south. It has jurisdiction over 8 towns including Jiaocheng, Changtan, Sanzhen, Xinpu, Wenfu, Guangfu, Lanfang and Nantuo, 97 village committees, 10 neighborhood committees and the county people's government in Jiaocheng town.
Jiaoling is a place where Han and Hakka live together. The county covers a total area of 960 square kilometers, accounting for one tenth of the national total area, including mountainous areas1134,000 mu, cultivated land1/0.5 million mu, rivers and lakes and other areas187,000 mu. By the end of 2007, the county had a total population of 228,843, which is one of the key Taiwanese townships in Guangdong. There are about 560,000 "three cells", including 460,000 Taiwanese whose ancestral home is Jiaoling.
Climate county belongs to the maritime monsoon climate in subtropical region, with long summer and short winter, abundant sunshine, long rainy season and abundant rainfall. Because of the barrier effect of Nanling mountains, the influence of cold air is weakened, so it is not very cold in winter.
The geological structure of Jiaoling county is complex, and the rock accumulation mainly includes sand shale, intrusive rock, limestone and metamorphic rock. These rocks form mountains, hills, basins and other landforms. The county seat is surrounded by mountains, and the terrain is inclined from north to south. The ratio of mountain, hill and basin is 6: 3: 1. The mountains in the territory are arranged in an orderly way, and there are five mountains in the east-west direction and the northeast-southwest direction, which is the watershed of many streams and rivers in this county, and the valley lowlands are also roughly distributed among these mountains. The peaks above 1000 meters above sea level include Jinshan wall (1 170 meters, the highest peak in the county), Tieshanzhang (1 164 meters) and Butter Wall (1 150 meters).
The rivers in the water system belong to the Hanjiang River system. As a secondary tributary of Hanjiang River, the main stream is 6 1.4km long in the county, with a catchment area of 728.2 square kilometers. The Grottoes River Basin (including its tributaries, Gaopi River, Pomelo River, Fan Shi River, Guangfu River and Xifeng River) is a large watershed and major agricultural area in Jiaoling County, with about 6,543,800 mu of cultivated land and a population of 60,000. Other rivers are Gaosi River, Nantuo River and Beituo River, and also alluvial into small mountain basins and valleys.
Jiaoling is rich in resources. Mineral resources mainly include manganese, iron, aluminum, tungsten, copper, lead, zinc, tin, coal, limestone, marble, granite, quartz sand and rare earth. In particular, the reserves of limestone are about 65.438+billion tons, coal reserves are about 4.5 million tons, manganese reserves are about 2.4 million tons and granite reserves are about 27 million tons. Hydraulic resources are more than 65438+ 10,000 kilowatts. Wild animal resources are abundant, and there are 288 species of medicinal plants belonging to 95 families. There are rich tourism resources and many places of interest here. In ancient times, there were eight scenic spots: Jincheng Lion, Yuzha Liu Chuan, Taoyuan 0, Huahao Qinglan, Xianqiao Du Fei, Changtan jathyapple and Wenfeng Chahan. Today, there are "new eight sights" such as the Range Rover in Changtan, Longtan Waterfall, the source of clear water, the ancient charm of earth buildings, the gathering of towns and mountains, the former residence of Feng Jia, the wonders of imperial protection and the century garden.
Culture Jiaoling has a profound cultural background. Lan Kui, the first scholar in Jiaying Prefecture in Song Dynasty, emerged one after another. Qiu, a patriot, poet and educator who fought against Japan and protected Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty; Luo, a patriot who died heroically in the Revolution of 1911 for his return to Taiwan to resist Japan, was one of the 72 martyrs in Huanghuagang. Xie Jinyuan, an anti-Japanese hero who sticks to the famous Shanghai Four Stores in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression; There are famous scientific elites in the contemporary world, such as famous mathematician Qiu Chengtong and chemist Ying-Nan Chiu. -
Second, the economy
In 2008, under the correct leadership of the county party committee and the county government, and with the joint efforts of all levels and departments, we overcame various unfavorable factors, ensured the smooth operation of our county's economy, maintained the double-digit growth trend of major economic indicators such as GDP, fiscal revenue, national tax revenue and total retail sales of social consumer goods, and made gratifying achievements in various social undertakings.
GDP In 2008, the county's GDP reached 3,396.65 million yuan, up by 10. 1% year-on-year, of which: the added value of primary industry was 68 1.38 million yuan, up by 7.6% year-on-year; The added value of the secondary industry was163.43 million yuan, up by 10.3% year-on-year, including industrial growth 10.3% and construction growth 10.2%. The added value of the tertiary industry was 108097 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1654.38+0.2%.
Agriculture In 2008, the total agricultural output value of the county was115.32 million yuan, up by 7.6% year-on-year, of which agriculture increased by 0.69%, forestry by 26.2%, animal husbandry by 10.5%, fishery by 25.6% and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services by 20.6%. The added value of agriculture was 68 1.38 million yuan, an increase of 7.6%.
Industry In 2008, the total industrial output value (current price) of 39 industrial enterprises above designated size in the county reached 3,538.932 million yuan, an increase of 94.425 million yuan year-on-year, and the excluding price index decreased by 0.34%. Among them, state-owned enterprises decreased by12.2%; Growth of collective enterprises19.5%; Joint-stock enterprises grew by 8.5%; Foreign-invested and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-invested enterprises decreased by 28%; Other types of enterprises increased by 22.6%. In 2008, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size was1092710.8 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.5%, of which state-owned enterprises increased by 7.4%. Collective enterprises increased by 40%; Growth of joint-stock enterprises10.5%; Foreign-invested and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-invested enterprises decreased by 0.9%; Other types of enterprises increased by 20.8%.
Third, history.
Jiaoling County was originally named zhenping county. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was a "land of hundreds of leaps and bounds".
In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Qin Shihuang sent troops to Pingnan Vietnam and established Nanhai County. Jiaoling belongs to Longchuan County, Nanhai County. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (BC 183), Lv Zhi was divided into Longchuan County and Jieyang County, and Jiaoling was subordinate to Jieyang County.
Three Kingdoms Wu (222-280), Jiaoling belongs to Dongguan County and still belongs to Jieyang County.
In 280, in the first year of Jin Taikang, Dongguan County was changed to Yi 'an County, still belonging to Jieyang County.
In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jiaoling belonged to Haiyang County, Yi 'an County.
In 479, in the first year of Qi Gao in the Southern Dynasties, Haiyang County was divided into Haiyang County and Chengxiang County, and Jiaoling County was Chengxiang County.
In the first year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasties, Chaozhou was established, belonging to the genus, Haiyang and Chaoyang.
In the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and in the third year (1994), he settled in Jingzhou and led the township and county.
In Song Taizu Kaibao four years (970), Jingzhou was changed to Meizhou, and Jiaoling belonged to Meizhou.
In the 19th year of Zhiyuan in Yuan Shizu (1282), Meizhou was promoted to Meizhou Road.
In the second year of Hongwu, Ming Taizu < 1369 >, Meizhou Road was abandoned and renamed Chengxiang County, belonging to Chaozhou Prefecture.
In the forty-third year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1560), the capital cities of Cheng Yi Township, Tianchang, Grottoes and Zheng Shi were analyzed, and Xingning was classified as Daxin, Yitian was the capital city, and Pingyuan County was established, which was classified as Chaozhou. The hometown of Jiaoling, Guhuairen, and the address of its richest grottoes, the River Plain, belong to Pingyuan County.
In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1633), the sages of counties and townships depended on the Ming authorities. Zhenping county, please. Xiong Wencan, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, adopted the submission and wrote "Building a Sparse City", which accurately analyzed the capital plains of the grottoes and the two capitals of Song, Yuan and Gui Jiang, and set up zhenping county, which belonged to Chaozhou Prefecture.
In the 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1733), Jiaying Prefecture was located in the upper urban and rural areas, leading to four counties, namely Pingyuan, Zhenping, Xingning and Changle, and one prefecture led to four counties, and five genera of Jiaying came into being.
In the 12th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, 1807, Shenjiaying was officially named Jiaying County. Seventeen years < 18 12 >, it was changed to zhenping county and Jiaying.
In the first year of the Republic of China < 19 12 >, after the founding of the Republic of China, Jiaying Prefecture and zhenping county were municipalities directly under the Central Government of Guangdong Province.
In 3 years of the Republic of China, < 19 14 > was renamed Jiaoling County, zhenping county City, Guangdong Province, because there was already "zhenping county" in Henan Province.
1May 949 14, Jiaoling County was liberated. In June, Jiaoling County People's Democratic Government was established, belonging to Xingmei District.
1952 xingmei district was revoked and jiaoling county was placed under the administrative office of Guangdong province.
In August, 1952, Jiaoling and Pingyuan merged into Jiaoping County.
1March, 954, Jiaoping County was still called Jiaoling County. 1February, 956, Shantou institution was established and Guangdong provincial administrative office was revoked. Jiaoling county was changed to Shantou area.
1958 12. Jiaoling merged with Meixian, which was called Meixian.
196 1 March, Jiaofen County resumed the establishment of Jiaoling County.
65438+ 1. 0965 In July, Meixian District was separated from Shantou District to form Meixian District, and Jiaoling County was subordinate to Meixian District.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/988, Meixian area was abolished and Meizhou City was established, and Jiaoling County was under the jurisdiction of Meizhou City.
Fourth, folk customs.
Jiaoling Hakka is a descendant of Han nationality in ancient Central Plains, and has formed unique customs and traditional consciousness in the long-term handicraft life.
I. Production Customs
Farming is the main task, and the grain will be divided sooner or later. During the busy farming season, the villagers help each other for free. Men go out to make a living. Housework and farm work are undertaken by women. Traditional farmers have plows, scrolls, feet, iron bars, sickles, swing rakes, wooden keel waterwheels and so on.
Women go up the mountain to mow grass. Their generation name is Gelujian, and the Gelujian of Hakka women is the most distinctive. A load of Lugu tips carries eight bundles of * * *, which are tied with bamboo poles. In the old society, bamboo was planted in gardens, and women used it to weave summer cloth, which was called home machine cloth. Another kind of jute is woven into rope and used as rope, ox rope, etc.
Second, life customs
Clothing used to be made of quilts and clothes by self-woven weavers, but now it has been eliminated. From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, the official gentry and Confucian scholars wore robes and mandarin jackets, while the civilian men and women wore cardigans, which were called cardigans and were knee-length. Various styles of suits are popular now.
Shoes and hats used to have cloth shoes, commonly known as Eminem shoes. There are many kinds of sandals and traditional wooden shoes in Guangdong customs, and their styles are increasingly novel. In the past winter, men wore felt hats, top hats and cotton hats. Women wear hats (skirts) made of blue cloth in winter.
Three meals a day, mainly rice. In the past, rice was cooked in a pot in the morning, scooped up with a hood and cooked in an electric cooker for a day. Traditional dishes include braised pork with garlic, braised dog meat, fried chicken wine, salted chicken, braised pork, dipped duck, stuffed tofu and raw fish.
The most distinctive and representative Hakka residence is "Longwei", which is mostly built in front of hills, slopes or fields criss-crossing. Its architectural technology is the most advanced combination of "lifting beam" and "crossing bucket" in the architectural art of Han nationality in the Central Plains, and its structure is generally "one into three halls, two compartments and one enclosure". There is a lawn in front of the house, which is divided into upper hall, middle hall and lower hall. The left and right sides are divided into two compartments or four compartments, which extend backward to form a horseshoe-shaped rear fence. It is characterized by taking the north-south meridian as the semi-axis, which is symmetrical from left to right, and combining the half-moon pool in front of the house with the dragon enclosure behind the main hall into a large polar whole.
Third, marriage customs.
Before liberation, the marriages of Jiaoling people were divided into "big marriage", "child bride", "waiting for a girl" and "second marriage". Marrying in a big bank is mostly an arranged marriage of "parents' orders and matchmakers' words". The procedures include betrothal, drawing lots, wedding banquets, paying homage to the bride and making trouble in the bridal chamber, and making three dynasties. On the wedding day, women wear cheongsam, a crested phoenix and a sedan chair. When getting married, she first uses peach branches or banyan branches to clear the way, which is called Tuoqing. When the man gets home, the groom will kick open the sedan chair door and help the bride into the house to visit the bride and get married. In the old society, after a small family gave birth to a boy, she took a girl from a neighbor with a surname, commonly known as "caution". When you are an adult, you will get married on New Year's Eve. This is called consummation. This is a child bride. Waiting for Langmei means that in the old society, some poor families didn't have their own sons, so they bought a girl to raise them first, and when they had boys, they became couples and got married when they grew up. Some daughters-in-law grow up to eighteen, and the "little husband" is only a few years old, so there is a saying that "eighteen wives are three years old." "Second marriage refers to women's remarriage, which was often discriminated against in the old society. After the founding of New China, marriage was newly established and became a civilized trend. There are group weddings, men going to women's homes, tourist weddings, tea parties and other forms, and the wedding is simple and warm.
Fourth, the custom of sacrifice.
In the old society, the old man died, commonly known as "death"; Burial, commonly known as "returning to the mountain". Funerals also have a lot of red tape, and rich families have to delay monks from chanting (commonly known as fasting). In Jiaoling County, coffin burial is the most important thing, but in addition to the old Xi Zhi, cremation and sacrifice were also carried out. All surnames in Jiaoling have ancestral temples, and the ancestral temples located in the county seat are also called family temples. Sacrifice to ancestors can be divided into spring sacrifice and autumn sacrifice. Spring festival is mainly about sweeping graves, and autumn festival is in August. Each surname has its own festival day, from the first day of August to the autumn equinox. However, in some areas, the date of ancestor worship is July 30 or other time.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Traffic survey
Traffic and transportation grew steadily, and the post and telecommunications industry continued to develop. The added value of transportation, post and telecommunications industry was133.6 million yuan, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year. By the end of 2005, the mileage of highways was 853.9 kilometers, an increase of 39.6 kilometers over the previous year. The highway density per 100 square kilometers reached 88.9 kilometers, an increase of 4.08 kilometers over the previous year. In the whole year, the cargo turnover of various modes of transportation was 654.38+754.36 million ton-km, up by 0.2% over the previous year, of which highway was 654.38+749.35 million ton-km, up by 0.5%, and water transportation was 50 1 10,000 ton-km, up by 34.3%. Passenger turnover was 722 1.4 million person-kilometers, up by 6.2% over the previous year, including 7 1.944 million person-kilometers on highways, up by 6. 1%, and 2.7 million person-kilometers on waterways, up by 28%. At the end of the year, the number of cars in the county reached 5 107, an increase of 16.7% over the same period last year. Among them, there were 24 passenger cars17, an increase of 10.5%, and 2,685 ordinary trucks, an increase of 22.7%.
National Highway 205 runs through the county, connecting western Fujian and southern Jiangxi respectively, connecting the Chaoshan coast in the province with Heyuan and Guangzhou. The county seat is only 40 kilometers and a half hours' drive from Meizhou Railway Station. The goal of hardening cement in county and township roads and connecting roads to every village has been fully realized. Of the 97 administrative villages in the county, 9 1 village has realized the hardening of cement in the town, and it takes an hour to drive from the county to the town. In addition, with the construction of Jiaoling section in expressway of Tianshan Mountain and expressway of Meihe River, the distance between Jiaoling and Pearl River Delta and Fujian and Jiangxi is further narrowed, and Jiaoling's location advantage as a transitional zone between coastal and inland areas will be further highlighted. [4]
200211The Central Civilization Office confirmed the list of cities nominated by national civilized cities in the creation cycle of 20021-2023, and Jiaoling County was on the list.
From 2065438 to March 2009, Jiaoling County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (formerly the Central Soviet Area).
On June 23, 2009, Jiaoling County was listed as the second national civilized village and town.