(1) machine seal. In the Book of Rites, Tan Gong, he designed a "mechanical seal" to bury Ji Kangzi's mother mechanically, which was convincing. However, at that time, thick burial prevailed and this method was not adopted.
(2) Agricultural machines and tools. The invention and adoption of advanced agricultural machinery is one of the important conditions for the development of ancient agriculture in China. Shiben said that Lu Ban made stones, and Wu Yuanqi Yuan said that he made hulling, grinding and milling machines, which were very advanced at that time. In addition, "Ancient History Examination" records that Lu Ban made a shovel.
(3) Woodworking tools. Many ancient vessels are made of wood, so exquisite tools are very important to carpenters. The original instrument says that Lu Ban made a drill (a tool to correct wood bending). Lu Ban Jing also called the ruler for carpentry "Lu Banchi", indicating that ancient craftsmen thought that the ruler was invented by Lu Ban, but this is only a legend. Ruler is a common woodworking tool used by Lu Ban.
(4) Lock the key. When I was in Zhou Muwang, I had a simple lock key, shaped like a fish. Luban's improved lock key, shaped like a button, has a built-in mechanism, which can only be opened with a key and can replace people's guards.
(5) weapons. Hooks and ladders are commonly used weapons in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Mo Wen records that Lu Ban changed the hook into a "strong hook" for ship warfare. Chu used this device to fight a water war with the Vietnamese army. Hook the boat when it retreats, and push it away when it passes. "Mozi's public loss" records that he changed the ladder into a ladder that can stand in the air to attack the city.
(6) bionic machinery. "Mo Jing Wen" also records that Lu Ban cut wood to make magpies, and magpies can fly for three days. According to Hongshu, he also made a wooden kite to show Song Cheng. Lun Heng Ji Zi Ruzeng recorded a rumor that he made wooden chariots and horses with organs that could carry his mother and a wooden ruler.
(7) carving. "Tales of Different Stories" records that Lu Ban once carved a "map of Kyushu" on a stone, which may be the earliest stone carving map. In addition, in ancient times, it is also said that Luban carved exquisite stone phoenix.
(8) Civil buildings. Both Shuo Yuan and Shi Shiyuan Yuan say that Lu Ban created the paving head, that is, the base for installing the knocker. In ancient times, it was also said that he presided over the construction of bridges; His wife, Yun, invented an umbrella to protect the craftsman from the sun and rain.
Of course, some legends may be different from historical facts, but they praise the wisdom of ancient craftsmen in China. Luban is regarded as the embodiment of skilled craftsmen, and even more respected as the founder by folk craftsmen.
The modern idiom "teaching people with axes" is also related to Lu Ban. It means:
Dancing in front of Luban with an axe. Showing off one's skills in front of experts. This idiom is sometimes used as a word of self-modesty, which means that you dare not show off your skills in front of experts.
Major inventions
scaling ladder
Ladders are tools used in ancient siege. Legend has it that it was invented by Lu Ban. The following are all kinds of relevant records.
"Mozi Gongbo" records: "Gongbo is the weapon of Chu State to build ladders. If it succeeds, it will attack Song. "
"The Warring States Policy and the Public Transport Plate Set a Machine Seal for Chu" wrote that Mozi said: "Seeing the public is a ladder."
"Huai Nan Zi" said: Lu Ban is defeated by the public, and the Chu people are also defeated. He is a wise man of the son of heaven and can be a ladder. Xu Shen's "Brief Training of Huainan Zibing" notes: "The ladder can stand on the cloud, so you can have a bird's eye view of the enemy city".
Hook strength
"Hook strength" is also called "hook rejection" and "hook giant". It is a war tool used in ancient water warfare, which can hook or hinder enemy warships. Legend has it that it was invented by Lu Ban. The following are all kinds of relevant records.
Mozi Luwen: "In the past, Chu people and Yue people fought in a boat on the river. Chu people advance downstream, retreat against the current, advance at the sight of advantages, and retreat at the sight of disadvantages. The Vietnamese advance against the current, retreat downstream, advance at the sight of advantages, and retreat at the sight of disadvantages, so the Vietnamese will be defeated by the Chu people. From southern Shandong to Chu, the loser began to be the weapon of boat war. As a preparation for a strong hook, those who retreat hook it, those who enter it are strong, and the length of the strong hook is measured. When building soldiers, the soldiers of Chu were disloyal and the Chu people were defeated. "
Wooden kite
It is said to be a war reconnaissance tool made of bamboo and wood.
"Mozi Luwen" records: "The loser cuts bamboo and wood and thinks it is a magpie. Three days later, the loser thinks he is smart. "
"The Old Story of Zhu Gong" records: "Taste it as a wooden kite and take it to Song Cheng."
see
Legend has it that the saw was also invented by Lu Ban. In fact, according to archaeologists, as early as the Neolithic Age, people living in China would process and use dental sickle and clam sickle. These are the rudiments of the saw. Hundreds of years before Lu Ban was born, in the Zhou Dynasty, copper saws were already used, and the word "saw" appeared.
The following is a widely circulated legend of Lu Ban's invention of the saw, and the author is unknown. Some people think that Lu Ban is the pioneer of modern use bionics:
It is said that Luban accepted the task of building a huge palace. A lot of wood was needed, so Lu Ban sent his disciples up the mountain to cut down trees. The apprentice chopped with an axe, which was very inefficient. Craftsmen work in the dark every morning, but they can't cut down many trees, which delays the progress of the project. Seeing that the project deadline is getting closer and closer, Lu Ban is very anxious. To this end, he decided to personally go up the mountain to see the situation of cutting trees. When he went up the mountain, he accidentally caught a wild grass growing on the mountain and cut his hand. Ruban felt very strange. Why can a soft grass cut its own hand? So he picked a leaf and observed it carefully. He found many small teeth on both sides of the leaf. These little teeth are very sharp when he touches it gently. Lu Ban learned that it was these small teeth that cut his hand. Later, Lu Ban saw a big locust eating leaves in a meadow. The two large molds are very sharp. As soon as they opened and closed, they quickly ate a big piece, which also aroused Lu Ban's curiosity. He caught a locust and carefully observed the structure of its mouth. He found that many small teeth were also arranged on the two big dies of locusts. It is with these small teeth that locusts bite off the grass. Because of these two things, Lu Ban was greatly inspired and fell into deep thinking. He thought, if you make a serrated cutting tool, is it just as sharp? So he made a piece of bamboo with many small serrations from big bamboo, and then tried to saw small trees. The result is very good. In a short time, the bark was torn and pulled a few times, and the small tree pole made a ditch. Luban is very happy. However, bamboo can not be used for a long time because of its softness and poor strength. After pulling for a period of time, some small serrations are broken, and some are dull, so it is necessary to replace bamboo. This affects the speed of cutting down trees, and it is also a great waste to use too many bamboo chips. It seems that bamboo is not suitable for making sawtooth, so we should find a material with higher strength and hardness to replace it. At this time, Lu Ban thought of the iron sheet. So they immediately went down the mountain, let the blacksmiths make small serrated iron pieces, and then went up the mountain to try sawing trees. Lu Ban and his apprentice each pulled one end and pulled it up on a tree. I saw them coming and going, and soon I sawed off the tree, which was quick and labor-saving, and the saw was invented.
Mujiang square
The earliest name of the music ruler was Moment, also called Lu Banchi. Legend has it that it was invented by Lu Ban.
Mozi Tian Shang Zhi said: Wheelwrights stick to their own rules in order to reach the world of Fiona Fang. Rules, namely compasses and straightedge. A ruler consists of a ruler handle and a ruler wing, which are perpendicular to each other at right angles. The handle of the ruler is one foot shorter, mainly for measuring. The length of the ruler wing is uncertain, and the longest is twice that of the ruler handle, which is mainly used for measuring right angles and balance lines. Woodworkers use rulers to measure right angles, planes, lengths and even balance lines.
The following are all kinds of relevant records.
The earliest account was in the Southern Song Dynasty. Chen wrote "Guang Ji Ji Jie" Volume 6 "Lu Ban Chi Fa": "(Huainan Confucius said) Its ruler is also one foot and two inches, all of which are divided into eight inches. Its name is wealth, illness, divorce, righteousness, official, robbery, harm and happiness; It is the seven stars in the main Beidou and the main and auxiliary stars. The use of the ruler starts with the amount of money. Although it is ten feet or ten feet, within the ruler, you can measure the auspicious inch. You are lucky when you meet a lucky star, and fierce when you meet a fierce star. From ancient times to the present, public and private creations, large and small, are all the same. Be especially careful when making doors. There are also those who divide the official ruler into long and short inches, or change the auspicious word into a basic word, and the rest are the same. "
In the Ming Dynasty, there is a square map in Volume 6 of Luban Architecture Official, which is called Lu Banchi. The picture of the ruler also indicates that the ruler has ten inches, and one inch is ten points. Lubanchi as the scale of building doors.
Carpenter's ink pen
Mo Dou is a tool used by carpenters to play with threads, which was invented by Lu Ban.
This tool uses a bucket to store ink. One end of the thread passes through the ink hole for dyeing. At the end of the dyed string is a small wooden hook, which is called "Ban Mu" and was invented by Lu Ban's mother.
The plank is usually about an inch above the ground. After fixing, the dyed rope will bounce to the ground, which is used as the standard of horizontal line and straight line in the construction site. Or you can fix the plank on a high place and hang it by Mo Dou. The dyed rope will bounce to the wall with the weight of Mo Dou, which is the straight line standard of the facade.
Legend has it that Luban can cut stones at night with dyed ropes, and most of the stones needed for the project can be completed in one night. After the stonemason, the master used a bucket line to determine the shape of the collected stones, and then knocked off the unnecessary parts with other tools to make stones such as squares and feldspar with the required shape.
umbrella
Lu Ban's wife is also a legendary excellent craftsman. It is said that she invented the umbrella. Legend has it that Lu Ban's wife, Yunshi, sympathized with Lu Ban's work under the scorching sun and rain. When she saw the pavilion, she came up with a movable pavilion for Lu Ban to take, so she made an umbrella. Paper only appeared in the Han Dynasty, and the earliest umbrella cover could not be made of paper.
Besides, when the craftsman planed wood, she was called "the wife of class" and wore wooden nails on her head. Legend has it that when Luban planed wood, his wife Yun helped him hold it. Later, he nailed a nail in front of the wood so that he didn't need his wife to get it.