Treatment of hyperkalemia: attention should be paid to limiting the intake of potassium in diet, and the application of potassium-expelling diuretics can prevent the development of hyperkalemia. If the urine volume is very small, resulting in severe hyperkalemia, ion exchange resin, insulin intravenous drip and hypertonic sodium bicarbonate can be used. However, the above measures all aggravate water and sodium retention and expand blood volume, so they should be used with caution. Peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis can be used when necessary.

Generally, fruits and vegetables (pumpkin, wax gourd, gourd), apples, pears, pineapples, watermelons, grapes and other foods with low potassium content can be eaten, and foods with high potassium content should be avoided.

In the daily diet, foods rich in potassium mainly include bananas, oranges, oranges, hawthorn, peaches, fresh orange juice, rape, kelp, leeks, tomatoes, mushrooms, spinach, mustard tuber, Sichuan winter vegetables, beans and their products.

In addition, foods with high potassium content can be frozen, soaked in water or discarded to reduce potassium content.

In order to limit the total protein of diabetic nephropathy, it is generally advocated that protein in daily diet should be given according to the standard weight of 0.6 ~ 0.8 g/kg, and the proportion of high-quality protein should be increased in a limited range.