Let's talk about the first pen in Four Treasures of the Study. There is a saying that "Meng Tian makes a pen". As a general of the Qin Dynasty, Meng Tian is said to have arrived in Zhongshan when Wang Jian destroyed Chu. Seeing that Zhongshan Rabbit is fat and long, and can be used as a raw material for pen making, he changed the original pen making system, unified the name of the brush, and began to call it "Meng Tian Pen". The uploading of history books began in Cang Xie with a history of 5,000 years. As a historian of the Yellow Emperor, Cang Xie is said to have created Chinese characters and is the ancestor of Chinese characters. Cang Xie, a native of Shaanxi, entered Cang Xie Temple, a key cultural relic protection unit in the State Council.
There are different historical legends about pens. The earliest pen is the Spring and Autumn Pen unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suizhou, Hubei Province, followed by the Warring States Pen unearthed from Zuojiagongshan in Changsha, Hunan Province, the Qin Pen unearthed from Yunmeng Shuihudi in Hubei Province and Fangmatan in Tianshui, Gansu Province. However, before the Qin Dynasty, the brush had many names, such as "Fu" and "Stone Method". Even in the later Tang Dynasty, Han Yu nicknamed the brush "Mao Ying". It can be said that after the Qin Dynasty unified the world, the characters, weights and measures, cars on the same track and books in the same language were unified, and the writing tools of characters were collectively called "pens". This work was probably managed by Meng Tian, and it was only in history that the saying "Meng Tian made pens" came into being. Meng Tian, a general of the Qin Dynasty, together with Prince Fu Su, organized troops to guard the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi to resist the Huns, and was later suspended by Hu Hai and Reese. There are Fu Su and Mengtian Tomb in Suide, northern Shaanxi.
The second Four Treasures of the Study is ink. In early application, ink was mainly natural mineral graphite, or semi-natural charcoal and boiler ash. Painted pottery, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo slips and silk books all have traces of original ink. As for hand-made ink, according to Ying Shao's "Han Guan Yi" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Minister, servant, honesty and lang give a lot of ink and a little ink." This "block" almost refers to the present Yuanbao. Bai Weiling is located in Qianyang, Shaanxi, close to Zhong Nanshan, and there are many Gu Song in the mountains. The ink produced here should be from early Song Yanmo.
Of course, the history of ink painting is also very rich. After the Han Dynasty, when there were the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, Wei Xian, who was "a bit like lacquer", made ink. In the Tang dynasty, there were officials and factories, and there were officials and ancestors who specialized in ink. In the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, the fine ink made by Yi's father and son was "rich in muscle but greasy in reason, and shiny as paint". Appreciated by Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he was named Li, known as "Li Yan Simo" in history. This should be the ancestor of Huimo handed down from generation to generation.
Paper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, and it is the most brilliant contribution made by China people to the world and human civilization. According to historical records, the history of paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Lun's fief Longting is in Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, and Cailun Tomb is in Yangxian County. There is a Caihou Temple built in the Eastern Han Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.
Although many paper cultural relics have been unearthed in archaeological excavations in recent years, Baqiao velvet unearthed in the archaeological excavation of Xi Baqiao in Shaanxi in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty is a kind of plant fiber paper long before Cai Lun. Of course, this can't deny the historical conclusion of Cai Lun's papermaking, because Cai Lun, as an ancient scientist in China, is an innovator of papermaking technology, and the high-quality paper he supervised is called "Cai Hou Paper". However, the appearance of Baqiao Paper undoubtedly proved that Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, was the political and cultural center at that time, which was the historical source of paper.
Four Treasures of the Study's last treasure is an inkstone. Ink stone is a tool for grinding ink, also known as ink stone. The age of this inkstone has not been verified. In the book of inkstones written by Song Lizhi, "The Yellow Emperor got a new jade buckle and ruled the ink sea. The seal script on it reads:' Di Hong's inkstone' ". It is hard to believe that inkstone originated from the Yellow Emperor. The academic circles basically believe that inkstone originated from the grinding tools of Neolithic Age, namely grinding disc and grinding rod. An inkstone with a cover, a concave surface, a stone pestle and a few pieces of black pigment beside it was unearthed in Jiangzhai primitive tribal site in Lintong, Shaanxi, which should be the earliest prototype of inkstone in China.
The history of Four Treasures of the Study, pen, ink, paper and inkstone has a very deep origin with Shaanxi. When I think about it, I am really proud of Shaanxi's unique and prominent position in the cultural history of China.
In the contemporary traditional sense, Four Treasures of the Study is represented by Hu bi, Hui mo, Xuan paper and Duan inkstone, so the original place of the main picture of stamps is also designated as the origin of the above four kinds. But I don't think it is complete. If we change our thinking and explore the origin from the historical source of Four Treasures of the Study, it will be surprising and unexpected if we can form philatelic products with actual philatelic products.
Second, the historical story of Four Treasures of the Study The origin of China's writing pen was very early in China.
Judging from Wudao Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there were primitive pens in Xia and Shang Dynasties. Judging from the patterns on painted pottery in the Neolithic Age, the appearance of pens can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago.
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all countries had made and used writing pens. At that time, there were many names for pens: Wu called it Fa, Yan called it Fu, Chu called it Xing and Qin called it Pen.
After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, "pen" became a definite name, which has been used ever since. It is said that the brush we are using now was invented by Meng Tian, the general of Qin during the Warring States Period.
In 223 BC, Meng Kuo, the general of the State of Qin, led his troops to fight against Chu in Zhongshan. The two sides fought fiercely and the war was protracted. In order to let the king of Qin know the situation on the battlefield in time, Meng Tian should write the situation report regularly and deliver it to the king of Qin.
At that time, people usually dipped bamboo slips in ink and then wrote on silk, which was very slow. Although Meng Kuo is a military commander, he is full of literary talent.
Writing the battle report with the pen mentioned above often makes him feel that it has affected his mind. That pen is hard and hard. If you can't write a few words, you have to stop and dip. If you dip too much ink, it will drip straight down and stain very expensive silk.
Meng Tian had the idea of changing the pen before, and this time he wanted to write a lot of situation reports, and this desire became stronger and stronger. During the war, Meng Tian liked to go hunting in the wild.
One day, he shot some wild rabbits and returned to the barracks. Because the rabbit has been hit many times, it is very heavy in his hand. There is a rabbit's tail on the ground, and the blood is dragging winding traces on the ground.
When Meng Tian saw it, he couldn't help but move: "Isn't it better to write with rabbit tail instead of ordinary pen?" After returning to the barracks, Meng Tian immediately cut off a rabbit's tail and put it on a bamboo tube, trying to write with it, but the rabbit's hair was shiny and didn't absorb ink, and the words written on the silk were intermittent. Meng Tian tried several times to no avail, and a silk was wasted.
In a rage, he threw the "rabbit brush" into the rock pit in front of the door. Meng Tian was not willing to fail, so he took the time to consider other improvement methods.
A few days passed, but he still didn't find a suitable method. On this day, he walked out of the barracks and wanted to breathe some fresh air.
Walking through the rock pit, he saw the "rabbit brush" he had thrown away. Meng Tian picked it up, pinched the rabbit hair with his fingers, and found that the rabbit hair was wet, and the color became whiter and softer.
Meng Tian was greatly inspired and immediately ran back to the barracks to dip in ink. At this time, the rabbit's tail became very obedient, absorbed enough ink, wrote smoothly, and the font became round. It turns out that the water in the rock pit contains calcium, and the rabbit hair becomes soft after being soaked in alkaline water.
Because this pen is composed of a bamboo tube and rabbit hair, Meng Tian added a "bamboo" prefix to the popular pen name "Xing" at that time and called it "stupid" (now abbreviated as "pen"). There are many kinds of pens in ancient times. Judging from the raw materials of pens, there are rabbit hair, white wool and so on.
3. What are the records about Four Treasures of the Study in China's long history and culture? It has long been called the "study", and the pen, ink, paper and inkstone are called the "Four Treasures of the Study".
The name "study" originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At that time, the so-called "study" refers to the place where the state regulates literary works.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the study specifically refers to the study of scholars. Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, loves literature and has a rich collection of books. Today, all his paintings and calligraphy are stamped with the seal of Jianye study.
In the third year of Emperor Yongxi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Yijian, a bachelor of Hanlin, wrote Four Books in the Study in five volumes, which were divided into two volumes, one for inkstone, one for paper and one for ink. Each volume is divided into three parts: narration, production, miscellaneous notes and ci fu, with detailed contents.
Therefore, this study has been called "four spectra" since then. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Ye Mengde wrote Notes on Avoidance, saying that "Huizhou has Four Treasures of the Study", so "Four Treasures of the Study" is also called "Four Treasures of the Study", with pen, ink, paper and inkstone as treasures of the study.
Four Treasures of the Study has a variety of categories, rich and colorful, and famous teachers can be found in the records. For a long time, Hubi in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, inkstone in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, Xuan paper in Jingxian County, Anhui Province (formerly Xuancheng County) and Hui ink in Shexian County (formerly Ye Fu, Huizhou) are still famous, and they are said to be the representatives of "Four Treasures of the Study".
Fourth, what are the characters of ancient Four Treasures of the Study in China? Four Treasures of the Study refers to brush, ink, rice paper and inkstone. Song Mei Yao Chen's poem "Reunion with Pan Yuzhou's Paper inkstone": "Four Treasures of the Study is out of the second county and enjoys the monarch and ceremony."
The son of heaven was forced to make a final decision. * * * put it through right away ~.
(Shi Ming Nai 'an's "Water Margin" eighty-first time) Synonym: the grammar of the four sons' study: partial formality; As subject and object; It refers to pen, ink, paper and inkstone, which used to be a general term for four kinds of stationery. The inkstone, alias Mr. Mo, is the oldest treasure in Four Treasures of the Study.
A study is a study. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Yijian wrote Four Books and Four Treasures of the Study, describing the types and authenticity of these four kinds of stationery.
For example, Xuan paper in Jingxian County, Anhui Province (formerly Ningguo House, which produced paper in the name of Xuancheng House), Hui ink in Shexian County (formerly Huizhou House), Hubi in Xing Wu, Zhejiang Province (formerly Huzhou House), Duanyan in Gaoyao, Guangdong Province, and Shexian County (formerly state house) with the same name as Duanyan.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The historical story of Four Treasures of the Study, China The origin of pen in China is very early.
Judging from Wudao Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there were primitive pens in Xia and Shang Dynasties. Judging from the patterns on painted pottery in the Neolithic Age, the appearance of pens can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago.
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all countries had made and used writing pens. At that time, there were many names for pens: Wu called it Fa, Yan called it Fu, Chu called it Xing and Qin called it Pen.
After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, "pen" became a definite name, which has been used ever since. It is said that the brush we are using now was invented by Meng Tian, the general of Qin during the Warring States Period.
In 223 BC, Meng Kuo, the general of the State of Qin, led his troops to fight against Chu in Zhongshan. The two sides fought fiercely and the war was protracted. In order to let the king of Qin know the situation on the battlefield in time, Meng Tian should write the situation report regularly and deliver it to the king of Qin.
At that time, people usually dipped bamboo slips in ink and then wrote on silk, which was very slow. Although Meng Kuo is a military commander, he is full of literary talent.
Writing the battle report with the pen mentioned above often makes him feel that it has affected his mind. That pen is hard and hard. If you can't write a few words, you have to stop and dip. If you dip too much ink, it will drip straight down and stain very expensive silk.
Meng Tian had the idea of changing the pen before, and this time he wanted to write a lot of situation reports, and this desire became stronger and stronger. During the war, Meng Tian liked to go hunting in the wild.
One day, he shot some wild rabbits and returned to the barracks. Because the rabbit has been hit many times, it is very heavy in his hand. There is a rabbit's tail on the ground, and the blood is dragging winding traces on the ground.
When Meng Tian saw it, he couldn't help but move: "Isn't it better to write with rabbit tail instead of ordinary pen?" After returning to the barracks, Meng Tian immediately cut off a rabbit's tail and put it on a bamboo tube, trying to write with it, but the rabbit's hair was shiny and didn't absorb ink, and the words written on the silk were intermittent. Meng Tian tried several times to no avail, and a silk was wasted.
In a rage, he threw the "rabbit brush" into the rock pit in front of the door. Meng Tian was not willing to fail, so he took the time to consider other improvement methods.
A few days passed, but he still didn't find a suitable method. On this day, he walked out of the barracks and wanted to breathe some fresh air.
Walking through the rock pit, he saw the "rabbit brush" he had thrown away. Meng Tian picked it up, pinched the rabbit hair with his fingers, and found that the rabbit hair was wet, and the color became whiter and softer.
Meng Tian was greatly inspired and immediately ran back to the barracks to dip in ink. At this time, the rabbit's tail became very obedient, absorbed enough ink, wrote smoothly, and the font became round. It turns out that the water in the rock pit contains calcium, and the rabbit hair becomes soft after being soaked in alkaline water.
Because this pen is composed of a bamboo tube and rabbit hair, Meng Tian added a "bamboo" prefix to the popular pen name "Xing" at that time and called it "stupid" (now abbreviated as "pen"). There are many kinds of pens in ancient times. Judging from the raw materials of pens, there are rabbit hair, white wool and so on.
Sixth, the origin of Four Treasures of the Study, China, tiger skin, Huimo, Duanyan and Xuan paper are better than Four Treasures of the Study.
The tools and materials of China's calligraphy are basically composed of pen, ink, paper and inkstone. People usually call them "Four Treasures of the Study", which roughly means that they are the necessary Four Treasures of the Study for a scholar to study. Because China ancient literati can basically write and draw, or both, they can't do without the four treasures of pen, ink, paper and inkstone.
The name "study" originated from the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) in the history of China. In particular, it refers to a scholar's study, which uses pen, ink, paper and inkstone, and is known as the "Four Treasures of the Study". In addition to Four Treasures of the Study, there are also pen containers, pen containers, ink beds, ink cartridges, handrails, pens, book towns, water spoons, inkstone drops, inkstone boxes, inkpad, Yin He, knives, stamps and drums. This is also an essential product in the research.
Four Treasures of the Study collected by the Palace Museum is mostly made by famous teachers in the Qing Dynasty and used by the royal family. Its exquisite materials and exquisite craftsmanship represent the development level of stationery in China for thousands of years and the creative wisdom and artistic talent of skilled craftsmen. It is a treasure in stationery. Among many pen products, the brush is a unique category in China.
Traditional brush is not only a necessary learning tool for the ancients, but also has a unique charm in expressing the special charm of China's paintings and calligraphy. However, because the brush is fragile and difficult to preserve, ancient pens that have been passed down to this day are rare.
The earliest writing brush can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago. Although there were no brush objects in the Western Zhou Dynasty and above, some signs of using a brush can be found in prehistoric painted pottery patterns and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the brush was widely used to write bamboo slips and silk books. The writing brush of the Spring and Autumn Period was found in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Leigudun, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. It is the earliest pen found so far.
Later, the Warring States pens unearthed in Zuojiagong Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the Qin pens unearthed in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, and Fangmatan, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, as well as Mawangdui in Changsha, Fenghuang Mountain in jiangling county City, Gansu Province, Xuanquanjia in Dunhuang City, Maquanwan, the Han pens in the ancient rock area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Western Jin pens in Wuwei are all precious materials left by ancient times. There are many kinds of pens in ancient times. Judging from the raw materials of the pen, there are rabbit hair, white hair, Miki Sayaka, yellow hair, sheep beard, horse hair, deer hair, musk hair, badger hair, raccoon hair, mink hair, moustache, mouse tail, tiger hair, wolf tail, fox hair, otter hair, orangutan hair, goose hair, duck hair and chicken feather.
In terms of performance, there are bristles, soft bristles and double brushes. Judging from the texture of the pen holder, there are bamboo joints, feather bamboo, spotted bamboo, brown bamboo, purple bamboo, chicken wings, sandalwood, nanmu, rosewood, fragrant wood, carved lacquer, green lacquer, snail, ivory, rhinoceros horn, horn, tortoise shell, jade, crystal and glass.
The impression of ink seems a little simplistic, but it is an indispensable article in ancient Chinese characters. With the help of this original material, the fantastic artistic conception of China's paintings and calligraphy can be realized.
The world of ink is not boring, but rich in connotation. As a consumable, ink can be presented intact today, which is very precious.
Before the invention of artificial ink making, natural ink or semi-natural ink was generally used as writing material. Prehistoric painted pottery patterns, Shang and Zhou Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo slips, silk paintings and so on have left traces of original ink everywhere.
According to documents, ink was also used in ancient ink punishment (face painting), ink rope (carpenter's use) and ink turtle (divination). After this long course, in the Han Dynasty, artificial ink finally began to appear.
This kind of ink raw material is taken from pine smoke, which is first kneaded by hand and then molded, and the ink quality is solid. According to Ying Shao's "Han Guan Yi" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "ministers and servants give a large amount of ink and a small amount of ink every month.
"Magpie elk is located in Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province, near Zhong Nanshan Mountain, and there are many pine trees on the right. It is very famous for the tobacco used to make ink. From the production to the final product, there are many processes such as glue injection, blending, steaming and baking, and there is also a molding process.
Ink carving is an important process and also an artistic creation process. The shapes of ink are generally square, rectangular, round, oval and irregular.
Ink mold is generally composed of front, back, top, bottom, left and right six pieces, while circular or idol-shaped ink mold can be synthesized only by four or two pieces. Built-in ink, close the hammer and smash the finished product.
Most of the nib is engraved on the side, so that the ink mold can be easily replaced when it is reused. There are many forms of ink, which can be divided into natural ink, lacquer ink, gold ink and lacquer ink.
Paper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has made outstanding contributions to cultural exchanges in history. Even in the prevalence of machine-made paper today, some traditional handmade papers still reflect its irreplaceable role and glow with unique brilliance.
Ancient newspapers can still get a glimpse of him in Gu Shuhua. For a long time before the invention of paper, what did people use as notes? According to the literature and physical data, the earliest people used knots to take notes. When something happened, they tied a knot and solved it when they were finished.
Later, he carved on the tortoise shell, which is called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". After the bronze wares were made, they were engraved with inscriptions, namely "Bronze Inscription" or "Zhong Dingwen".
Then, write the words on the pieces cut from the bamboo, which are called "bamboo slips". For example, a wide piece of bamboo is called a "bamboo slip". At the same time, some of them are also written on silk fabrics.
In the pre-Qin period, in addition to the above materials, words carved on stones were also found, such as the famous "Shi Guwen". As we all know, paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
However, recent archaeological excavations have questioned this. With the progress of archaeological work along the Northwest Silk Road, many sites and tombs of the Western Han Dynasty have been discovered, including many paper cultural relics.
These rights documents are named after the unearthed places. According to the chronological order of ancient paper unearthed at present, it can be arranged as follows: Fangmatan Paper, Baqiao Paper, Xuanquan Paper, Maquanwan Paper, Juyan Paper in the Middle Western Han Dynasty and Dry Beach Paper in the Late Western Han Dynasty.
These papers not only predate Cai Lun paper, but also have ink fonts on some papers, indicating that they have been used to write documents. Inkstone, also known as "Inkstone", was praised by the ancients as "the hand of Four Treasures of the Study".
Because.
Seven. The history of Four Treasures of the Study Since the birth of human civilization, people have preserved the achievements of civilization in various ways, enabling us to appreciate the elegance and creation of our ancestors, and at the same time enabling our culture to continue and develop. In this process, the stationery in the study, especially "Four Treasures of the Study", as the carrier of civilization, plays an important role. In China's long history and culture, it has long been called "study", while pen, ink, paper and inkstone are called "Four Treasures of the Study". Among the cultural and artistic tools used in calligraphy and painting, only these four treasures are loved and treasured by literati.
Pen, ink, paper and inkstone are not called "Four Treasures of the Study" or "Four Gentlemen of the Study". The former originated from Mei's poem "Harmony with Zhangzhou Paper and Inks": "Four Treasures of the Study has left the two counties and enjoys the love of the monarch." The latter comes from Lu You's poem "Pen, ink, paper and inkstone play": "The water is heavy and the guests are scarce, and the four gentlemen in the study depend on each other." Because the literati cherish Four Treasures of the Study, they are given many nicknames.
Let's talk about the pen (writing brush) first. Pen has been used in China for four or five thousand years, and it still plays an irreplaceable role today. Because the pen is the first in Four Treasures of the Study, there are many nicknames and jokes. The earliest book is The Book of Songs: "A quiet girl is a good girl, so I am the master." The pen here is called "tube" Cao Zhi called the pen "inch cold", and his novel "Walking in Dew" said: "I am one inch taller and flowers are flowing." Zuo Si called the pen "soft and sincere", such as the poem "Ode to History": "A weak crown is different from soft and sincere, and reading a group of books is outstanding." Han Yu even made a biography of knighthood. His anthropomorphic fable "Biography of Mao Ying" said: "Mao Ying is also a Zhongshan native. He sealed Guancheng, nicknamed Guanchengzi, and hated worshipping the Chinese calligraphy order. He called him Zhongshujun, and made friends with Jiang people Chen Xuan, Hongnong Hong Tao and Mr. Hui." After the publication of this biography, Guan, Zhong Shuling and Zhong Shujun became pen-end nicknames; Mr. Hsuanchan, Mr. Wang and Mr. Jun became the aliases of ink, inkstone and paper. Bai Juyi called the pen a "millicone", so the poem "Send Micro" said: "The eyes are like thorns, and the front is like a cone." Lu You called the pen a "hair cone", and his poem "Drunken Weng" said: "Post a book to report Khan urgently, and it will shock you to send a cone." In addition, there are many posthumous title, such as Xu Longyou, Cao Mo Dutong and Mizhou Secretariat.
The second time, say ink. Three thousand years ago, ink came into being, comparable to pens. For example, "Zhuangzi Tian Zifang" said: "Song Hui painted pictures, and all the history came, and stood by and watched the bow, licking the pen and ink, and the outside was half." The Four Books of the Study in the Song Dynasty quoted the biography of Song Zi Hou Yuanguang in the Tang Dynasty, saying, "Yi Yuanguang, a Yan man, was originally named Qingsongzi, and he was quite talented." Yishui is rich in famous ink, so the name of ink is Yi, and the ink color is black and bright, hence the name "Yuanguang". Ink-made pine smoke, so it is called "Qingsongzi". In this way, "Yuanguang", "Qingsongzi" and "Songzihou" became the posthumous title or posthumous title of ink. The ink is black and looks like laurel, so it is also called "Xuangui". For example, Yang Wanli's poem "Chun Xing" said: "If you want to quickly grind Xuangui matte paper, you must float the inkstone and shake the flowers." In addition, there are posthumous title, such as Wu Jin, Zugui, Long Bin, Long Xiang, Messenger of Black Pine, Defending Pine Smoke, and Hanging Fragrance, from the Miscellanies of Yun Ge in the Tang Dynasty: "Xue Ji sealed Nine Tin as Mo and worshipped Pine Smoke.
First of all, the application of paper was later than pen and ink, which existed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Si Pu Shu Zhi Pu" quoted Hou Chuan as saying: "Bai Zhiyan, whose word is Xuan, is a native of Huayin, and he is often asked by Cai Lun to visit Leiyang, offer the son of heaven and seal the Hou." Skin white can be used to make paper, so it is called "Zhibai", also known as "Mr. Jun", which is abbreviated as "Sheng Jun". Paper is also called "cloud fat" and "cloud blue", such as Mi Fei's poem "Seeing Xue Langzhong off": "Like a tube, the axis reflects Ruijin, Yulin is covered with cloud fat". Yuan Mei's Poems with the Garden Volume 6: "I don't know how many heroic tears are in my chest, and I don't know how many blue papers have been spilled."
Say inkstone later. Inkstone came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period, which has a longer history than paper. "Four Pictures of the Study" quoted the biography of Jimo Hou in Song Dynasty: "Stone is empty, the word is silent, and South Vietnam was named Jimo Hou because of its meritorious service." So "stone in vain", "giant ink" and "after Jimo" became the nicknames of inkstone. Inkstone is also called "You Shi" and "Shi Hong". For example, Wang Yan's poem titled Tong Shouqing Boya Hall says: "Life is judged by the flow, and stone friends are ordered." Huang Tingjian's poem "Cross Bamboo Painted by Old Huang Bin": "Clear the window and shadow the falling stone, loose coal and lightly dye the frosty rabbit." Su Shi called inkstone "black and white moon", and his "Rowen Shiyue inkstone inscription" said: "The fog hub is long, and Wan Wan is black and white moon." The inkstone is shaped like the moon and is divided into two parts: grinding ink and holding water. The former is black and the latter is white, so it's called this.
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