Zanthoxylum likes temperature, and it is easy to freeze below zero in winter; Drought tolerance, normal growth, annual precipitation of 600-800 mm, in the case of long-term drought, even if the leaves wither, rain or irrigation can still recover; But pepper is not tolerant to waterlogging, and waterlogged trees will die in a short time; Afraid of the wind, a large number of flowers and fruits will fall in the strong wind during the flowering and fruiting period, so it is not suitable for planting at the top of the mountain and the air outlet; Zanthoxylum bungeanum has strong adaptability to soil, especially likes deep, fertile and moist sandy soil and calcareous soil, has low requirements on soil pH, and grows well in acidic and neutral soil.
Second, the cultivation management technology
(1) planting. Zanthoxylum bungeanum afforestation should choose sunny slope or semi-sunny slope in the middle and lower part of the hillside, and loose and fertile sand with good drainage should be chosen. The slope is between 5-25 degrees, and the soil preparation should be done carefully before afforestation. Soil preparation in contour zone can be carried out on hillside, with bandwidth 1m and spacing of 2m. In the gentle slope area, soil preparation with holes can be used, and the specification is 40×40×40? Cm. The sowing time should be from June 65438+ 10 to June 165438+ 10 and February of the following year. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a fleshy shallow-rooted tree species. When planting, you can't bury it deeply or knock it with a hoe. It can be compacted by hand or foot. After planting, sufficient root water should be poured, especially for a few days after planting, when the climate is dry, irrigation must be carried out.
(2) weeding and loosening the soil. In the year of planting, weed and loosen the soil twice. In case of severe drought, water properly to ensure the survival rate. The root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is shallow, and the competition between weeds and Zanthoxylum bungeanum is serious. Weed once a year in summer and autumn. In the rainy season, soil should be piled at the roots and neck to prevent excessive accumulated water from affecting growth.
(3) plastic trimming. The main characteristics of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are light-loving, strong branching ability, strong medium and long branches and good fruit setting. Therefore, shaping and pruning is one of the main techniques to obtain high yield and high quality pepper. Reasonable shaping and pruning can make the skeleton firm, well-defined, the branches stout, the structure reasonable, the illumination sufficient and the ventilation good. It can not only improve the yield and quality, but also reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, enhance the tree potential and prolong the fruit picking period.
Third, fertilization.
After planting seedlings, a small amount of urea and phosphate fertilizer should be applied several times to promote the growth of seedlings. General 1-2-year-old trees should be fertilized 3-4 times a year, with an average annual urea compound fertilizer of 0.6- 1 kg per plant. After the flower trial production in the third year, the amount of fertilization should be increased year by year.