Recitation of High School Chinese Volumes 1~4

Topic 1: One Hundred Schools of Confucianism

"Confucius' Metaphors of Landscapes"

Original text 1 Confucius said: "It is like a mountain. If it stops before I can reach a barrier, I will stop. It is like a flat land. Even if I cover a barrier, I will move forward.

Original text 3 The sea does not reject water, so it can become as big as it is. ; Mountains are not weary of earth and stone, so they can reach their height; wise masters are not tired of people, so they can reach their heights; scholars are not tired of learning, so they can become saints.

Original 4 Confucius said: "The wise are happy with water, and the benevolent are happy with mountains." ; The wise are active, the benevolent are still; the wise are happy, the benevolent are long-lived. ”

The original text of the fifth son said in Sichuan: “The deceased is like a man who does not give up day and night. ”

Original text 6 Xu Zi said: “Zhongni urgently called the water, saying: ‘Water, water! ’ How to get it from water? ”

Mencius said: “The original spring is wandering around, not giving up day and night, filling up the branches and then advancing, spreading to the four seas. If there is a nature, it is like this, so take it. If you have no roots, the rain will fall in July and August, and all the ditches and ditches will be full. If they dry up, you can stand and wait. Therefore, if a voice hears someone who has shown love, a gentleman will be ashamed of it. ”

Original text 7 Mencius said: “Confucius climbed to the east mountain and made Lu small, and climbed to Taishan and made the world small.” Therefore, it is difficult for those who look at the sea to be water, and those who swim in the gate of the saint are difficult to talk about. If you have the skill to watch water, you must watch its waves. The sun and the moon are bright, and the face will shine brightly. Flowing water is a thing, and it cannot be fulfilled if it is not full of water; a gentleman's ambition is to follow the Tao, and it cannot be accomplished without rules. ”

Original text 8 “The best is like water. Water is beneficial to all things without fighting. He is disliked by everyone, so he is close to the Tao. Live in a good place, have a good heart, be kind and benevolent, speak good faith, govern well, do good things, and act at good times. The husband does not fight, so there is no need for you. ”

Original text 9 The reason why Jianghai can be the king of hundreds of grains is because it is good at controlling it.

Original text 10 In the world, there is no one who is soft and weak on water and attacks the strong one. Nothing can be conquered because it cannot be easily conquered. The weak conquers the strong, and the soft conquers the strong. No one in the world knows how to do it.

Original text 11 A soldier is like water, and the movement of water avoids heights. When moving downwards, the shape of the soldiers avoids the real and attacks the weak; water controls the flow according to the ground, and soldiers win due to the enemy. Therefore, the soldiers have no constant momentum, and the water has no constant shape and can win.

"Autumn Water" Zhuangzi of the Warring States Period

When the autumn water comes, hundreds of rivers flow into the river, and the Jing River is so big that there are no cattle or horses between the two Zhuzhu cliffs. So, He Bo rejoiced and thought of the world. All the beauty lies within oneself. Going eastward along the river, as for the North Sea, looking eastward, he could not see the end of the water. Then He Bo turned his face, looked at the ocean, and sighed: "Ye Youzhi said: 'I heard this. Tao Bai, I call those who think Mo Jiruo'. Moreover, I have heard about Shao Zhongni, who underestimates Boyi's righteousness, and I don't believe it for the first time. Now I see that my son is in trouble and poor. If I don’t come to the door of my son, I will be in danger. I have always laughed at the generous family. ”

Encouragement to learn from Xunzi in the Warring States Period

The gentleman said: Learning is beyond the limit.

Green, taken from blue, and green from blue; ice, water. It is cold in the water. The wood is straight and the rope is used as a wheel. Its curve is regular. Although it is rough and no longer straight, the wood is straightened by the rope, and the metal is sharpened. If a gentleman is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day, then he will know and act without fault.

It is not as good as me to think about what I have learned in just a moment. Ye. If you climb high and move, your arms will not be lengthened, and you will be far away when you see it. If you shout in the wind, your voice will not be faster, but if you hear it, it will be more powerful. It is not like water, but rivers. A gentleman is born out of things.

The accumulation of soil creates a mountain, the accumulation of water creates a abyss, and the accumulation of good deeds creates virtue. The spirit is self-satisfied and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach a thousand miles; Rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, you can carve out gold and stone. Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth, and no strong muscles and bones. They feed on the earth and drink from the underworld. A crab has six kneels and two claws. It is not a snake and a snake that has nothing to rely on.

Topic 2: Poetry

The ancient poem "The Peacock Flying Southeast" was written by Jiao Zhong's wife

The Peacock flies southeast, wandering for five miles.

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At the age of thirteen, she can weave, and at the age of fourteen, she can learn to tailor clothes. Sad and miserable.

Since you are a government official, you will keep your integrity.

My humble concubine will only see you rarely.

The rooster crows. I can't stop weaving every night.

I cut five pieces in three days, so I think it's too late.

It's not because I'm late in weaving.

If the concubine can't be driven, she will be left with nothing to do.

I can send you back in time.

The cock crows and the bride is dressed up.

Wearing my embroidered skirt, everything is well done.

My feet are slipping on silk shoes, my head is shining with tortoise shell.

My waist is smooth and silky, and my ears are covered with bright moon.

The fingers are like peeling onion roots, and the mouth is like holding red pills.

The delicate steps are unparalleled in the world.

The palace officials and horses are in front, and the bride's carriage is in front. Afterwards.

Faintly, at the entrance of Juhui Avenue.

Dismounted and got into the car, lowered his head and whispered:

"I promise not to be separated from you. Let's go back home for now.

I am going to the mansion now and will return soon.

Swear not to betray God! "

The bride said to the government official: "I feel sorry for you!

Since you have seen the record, I hope you will come soon.

You are like a rock, and I am like pampas grass.

The pampas grass is like silk, and the rock has no transfer.

I have a biological father and a brother who are sexually violent.

I am afraid that if they don’t let me do what I want, they will hurt my pregnancy. ”

Raise your hands for a long time, and the two people have the same affection.

Ode to Zuo Si of the Western Jin Dynasty

The pines at the bottom of the gloomy stream, the seedlings on the mountain are separated.

The stem is an inch wide, and the shadow is hundreds of feet long.

The prince is in a high position, and he is handsome and humble.

The terrain makes it happen.

Jin Zhang's old career, Qi Ye Er Han Diao

Isn't Feng Gong great, his head is white and he doesn't see his moves?

Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

The house is in a human environment, and there is no noise of carriages and horses.

I asked you how you can do it. My heart is far away.

I am picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, and I can see Nanshan leisurely. .

The mountain air is getting better day by day, and the birds are flying back and forth.

There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to say it.

Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty said goodbye.

Haike talks about Yingzhou, the misty waves are dim and hard to find. Zhang, I want to fall to the southeast. I want to fly to the mirror lake and the moon all night, and send me to the Yan River. Wearing Xie Gong's sandals, one can see the sea and the sun half way, and hear the sound of chickens in the sky. The path is uncertain due to thousands of rocks, and the roaring of bears and dragons on the rocks are suddenly dim. The sky is green with the hope of rain, and the water is sluggish with smoke. The mountains are broken by thunder, and the stone fan in the cave sky is so vast that there is no bottom, and the sun and moon shine on the gold and silver platform. Horses and kings of clouds come and go one after another. Tigers, drums, and luan are returning to the carriage. Suddenly, the soul is palpitating and the soul is shaking. I feel that my pillow is missing. Haze. The same is true for pleasure in the world. In ancient times, everything flows eastward. When will you return when you leave? I will ride on the white deer among the green cliffs to visit the famous mountains. I can't help but be happy.

Modern-style poetry:

Zhongnan Mountain Tang Wangwei

Taiyi is close to the capital of heaven, connecting mountains and sea corners.

The white clouds look back and the green mist comes in. See nothing.

The peaks in the field are changing, and there are many valleys.

If you want to stay in a place, ask the woodcutter across the water.

Climb the tower.

The flowers approaching the high-rise building hurt the visitor's heart, and it is difficult to come here.

The spring scenery of the Jinjiang River comes to heaven and earth, and the floating clouds of the jade barrier change the past and the present.

The Arctic court ends. If we don't change, the bandits and thieves in Xishan will not invade each other.

The poor queen returned to the ancestral temple and talked about Liang Fuyin at dusk.

Jiu Lingjin. Servant girl, swallow tail embroidered candid arc.

Independence and promotion of new orders, thousands of battalion soldiers called out.

Qinghai Changyun dark. The snow-capped mountains and the lonely city look far away at Yumen Pass.

The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and the Loulan will never be returned.

Shu Angry to Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty

I knew the world was difficult in my early years. , Looking north to the Central Plains, the air is like a mountain.

The building boat is crossing Guazhou in the snow at night, and the iron horse is blown away by the strong autumn wind.

I walled the Great Wall and promised myself that it would be empty, but the faded hair on my temples was already stained in the mirror.

If you are a master and have a true reputation in the world, who can compare with you in a thousand years!

Climbing the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling by Tang Li Bai

Phoenix Tour on the Phoenix Terrace. When the phoenix goes to Taikong River, it flows by itself.

The flowers and plants of Wu Palace are buried in the quiet path. The clothes of the Jin Dynasty turned into ancient hills.

Three mountains are half-cast outside the blue sky. The two waters are divided into Bailuzhou.

The clouds can always cover the sun. Missing Chang'an makes people sad.

Climbing the Kuai Pavilion by Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty

Chi'er has taken care of the public affairs, and the east and west of the Kuai Pavilion rely on Wanqing.

Thousands of fallen trees and mountains, the sky is far and wide, and the moon is clearly visible along the Chengjiang River.

Zhu Xian has become a beautiful woman, and his blue eyes are full of wine.

After returning to the boat after thousands of miles to play the flute, I am in alliance with the white gull.

Passing through the Huaqing Palace, Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty

Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery, and thousands of doors are opening one after another on the top of the mountain.

The red concubine on horseback smiled, but no one knew it was lychee.

Fu:

Afang Palace Fu by Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty

After the completion of the six kings, the four seas are one,

Shushan Wu, Afang came out.

It was covered for more than 300 miles and quarantined for six days.

Lishan Mountain is built in the north and turns west, going straight to Xianyang.

The two rivers flowed into the palace wall.

Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to the pavilion;

The waist of the corridor is unobstructed, and the eaves and teeth are high;

Each one embraces the terrain and engages in intrigues.

It's a mess, it's a whirlpool,

The water in the honeycomb is like a whirlpool, and I don't know how many millions of it has fallen.

The long bridge is lying on the waves, what’s the point?

If you return to the Tao and walk in the sky, what will happen if you don’t fly?

I am confused about the high and low, and I don’t know the west or the east.

The singing platform is warm and the spring is in harmony;

The dance hall is cold and the wind and rain are miserable.

Within one day, between one house,

the climate is uneven.

Concubines, concubines, princes and grandsons,

resigned to the lower hall and came to Qin in a chariot.

Chaoge Yexian is from Qin Palace.

The stars are shining brightly, and the makeup mirrors are opened;

The green clouds are disturbing, and the servant girls are combing the morning;

The Wei River is swollen and greasy, and the fat water is discarded;

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The smoke is slanting and the fog is horizontal, and the peppers and orchids are burning.

The thunder suddenly startled me, and the palace carriage passed by;

I heard the rolling of the wind from afar, but I didn’t know where it was.

One muscle and one face, all of which are extremely radiant.

He is farsighted and has a lucky look;

I have not been able to see him for thirty-six years.

The collections of Yan and Zhao, the management of Han and Wei,

The elites of Qi and Chu, for several generations, plundered their people, leaning against the mountains;

Once you can't have it, you will lose it,

ding jade, gold nuggets, beads,

throw it away in the winding road, the people of Qin will regard it,

< p>No regrets either.

Sigh!

The heart of one person is the heart of thousands of people.

Qin’s love is extravagant, and people also miss his family.

How can we use up all the baht and use it like sand?

There are more pillars to support the building than there are farmers in Nanmu;

There are more rafters to erect the beams than there are workers on the machine;

There are more joints in the tiles than There are more silk threads all over the body;

There are more straight columns and horizontal sills than in a city with nine soils;

There are more phosphorus on nail heads than there are grains of millet in Yu;

The orchestral music is mute, more than the words of the people in the city.

Made people in the world dare not speak but dare to be angry.

The mentality of a single husband is becoming increasingly arrogant.

The soldiers of the garrison screamed, and the letter was raised.

The people of Chu fired a torch, and the earth was pitifully scorched!

Woohoo!

The one who destroyed the Six Kingdoms was the Six Kingdoms, not Qin.

The people who belong to Qin are Qin, not the world.

Sigh! Make the six countries love their own people,

and it will be enough to reject Qin;

make Qin love the people of the six countries again,

then it will last for three generations and last for eternity. Your Majesty,

Who can win and his family will be destroyed?

The people of Qin had no time to mourn themselves, and later generations mourned them;

The later generations mourned them without taking notice of them,

It also made the descendants mourn the descendants again. also.

Previous Red Cliff Ode by Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty

In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Su Zi and his guests were boating under Red Cliff.

The breeze is coming slowly, the water is calm, I am drinking wine for the guests,

Reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing the graceful chapter.

A little while ago, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights.

White dew stretches across the river, and the water reaches the sky.

As small as a reed, thousands of hectares are at a loss.

It is as vast as Feng Xu riding the wind, but does not know where it stops;

It is as fluttering as if it is left alone in the world, emerging and ascending to immortality.

So they drank and had a lot of fun, and sang along to the boat.

The song goes: "The orchid oars are hanging on the osmanthus, and the light is shining in the sky.

The mist is in my arms, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky."

There is a guest who plays the tune of the cave, and he sings and sings with it.

The sound is like resentment, admiration, weeping and complaining;

The lingering sound lingers like a wisp. ;

The lurking dragon dances in the secluded valley, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat.

Su Zi was stunned and sat upright.

He asked the guest: "Why is this so?"

The guest said: "The moon and stars are few and dark. Magpies flying south,

Isn’t this a poem by Cao Mengde?

Looking west to Xiakou, east to Wuchang

The mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green;< /p>

Isn’t this Meng De who was trapped by Zhou Lang?

Fang Qi broke through Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and followed the river to the east.

The boat was thousands of miles away. The flags cover the sky, the wine flows by the river, and the poems are written across the trees;

I have been a hero for a lifetime, how are you now?

Kuang Wu and his son are fishing and woodcutting on the river. ,

Companions with fish and shrimps and elk, riding a small boat with a leaf,

Lifting a bottle to belong to each other;

Sending mayflies to heaven and earth, across the vast sea

I am sorry for the brief moment of my life, and I am envious of the infinite Yangtze River;

I carry the flying immortals to travel, and I hold the bright moon for the rest of my life;

I don’t know how hard it is. Suddenly, the legacy echoes in the sad wind."

Su Zi said: "The guest also knows that the water and the moon are like this, but he has not yet passed away; p>

Those who are full and empty are like that, but the soldiers are not waxing and waning.

Looking at the general changes, the heaven and the earth cannot change in an instant;

Since it does not exist. If you look at it, things and I are endless.

How can we envy each other?

< p>It’s not my property, even if I don’t take any of it,

Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears, and can be seen by the eyes. .

There is no limit to what can be taken, and it is inexhaustible.

This is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and it is the best for me and my son.”

< p>The guests are happy and smile, wash the dishes and drink more, the food cores are gone, and the cups and plates are in a mess.

The couple and their pillows are scattered in the boat, not knowing how white the east is.

The Book of Songs?Jianjia

Jianjia is green, and the white dew is like frost. The so-called beauty is on the water side.

If you follow it back, the road will be long and blocked. Traveling back from it, Wan is in the middle of the water.

Jianjia is miserable, and the white dew is still there.

The so-called beauty is on the water.

Retrospect and follow it, but the road is blocked and you can advance. If you travel back from it, you will feel like you are swimming in the water.

The jianjia is collected, and the white dew has not stopped. The so-called beauty is in the river of water.

Looking back, the road is blocked and to the right. If you go back and swim from it, you will be swimming in the water.

Topic 3: Lyrics and Music

Song Ci

Eight Tones of Ganzhou Liuyong in the Northern Song Dynasty

To the Xiaoxiao and dusk rain sprinkled on the river sky, a wash Qingqiu.

The frosty wind is becoming miserable, the Guanhe River is deserted, and the remaining light shines on the building.

This is a place where the reds and greens are fading and the flowers are gone.

Only the water of the Yangtze River flows eastwards silently.

I can’t bear to climb high and look far away, looking at the dimness of my hometown, and it’s hard to let go of my thoughts.

Sighing at the traces of the past years, what trouble is there left behind?

Thinking of a beautiful woman, looking up at the building.

I missed it a few times, but I knew I would return to the boat.

Striving to know me, leaning against the lantern, I am feeling sad.

The Song of the Water Dragon by Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty

The Chu sky is thousands of miles away and the autumn is clear, and the water follows the sky and the autumn is boundless.

The distant eyes are far away, offering sorrow and hatred, with jade hairpins and snails in buns.

The sunset above the building, in the sound of broken bells, a wanderer from the south of the Yangtze River.

I looked at Wu Gou and patted the railings all over, but no one understood me.

Don’t say that the bass is worth it. The west wind has gone, and the season eagle has not returned.

Asking for fields and asking for houses, I am afraid that I will be embarrassed to see you, Liu Lang is talented.

It is a pity that the passing of time, the sorrow of wind and rain, the trees are still like this.

What kind of person is this? Call me from the lush green sleeves and find the heroes’ tears.

Yulinling, Liu Yong, Northern Song Dynasty

The chilling cicadas are miserable. Facing Changting at night, the showers have begun to subside.

There is no trace of drinking in the Dumen tent, and the place of nostalgia and the orchid boat urge the hair.

Looking at each other with tears in their hands, they were speechless and choked.

Thousands of miles away, the mist spreads across the sky.

Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times, and it is even more embarrassing and neglected in the Qingqiu Festival.

Where will I wake up tonight, on the bank of willows and the waning moon in the morning breeze.

The passage of time should be a time of good times and good scenery.

Even if there are thousands of styles, who can I tell them about them?

Slow voice Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty

Looking and searching, deserted and miserable.

It is most difficult to take a breath when it is warm and then cold.

Three cups and two bottles of weak wine are no match for him. The wind comes late and the wind blows.

The wild geese are passing by, and I am sad, but we are old acquaintances.

The ground is covered with yellow flowers. Haggard and damaged, no one is worthy of being picked off now.

Watching the window, how can you be alone in the dark?

The phoenix trees also drizzle, and at dusk, it rains bit by bit.

This time, how come the word "sorrow" is so important.

Traveling on the sand, Qinguan in the Northern Song Dynasty

The tower is lost in the fog, the moon is lost in the river, and the Taoyuan is nowhere to be seen.

It is worth noting that the lonely pavilion is closed in the cold spring, and the setting sun is setting in the sound of cuckoos.

The plum blossoms are sent by post, and the rulers are passed down from fish to fish. There are countless hates built into it.

The Chenjiang River fortunately circles Chenshan Mountain, but for whom does it flow down to Xiaoxiang?

Su Muzhe and Zhou Bangyan of the Song Dynasty

Burn agarwood to relieve the heat. Birds call out for the clear sky, and peek into the eaves at dawn.

On the leaves, the sun rises and the rain dries up, the water surface is clear and round, and the wind lifts them one by one.

My hometown is far away, when will I go? He lives in Wumen and has been traveling in Chang'an for a long time.

Whether the fisherman and the man remember each other in May? A small boat, dreaming of entering Furongpu.

Yuan Song

Shouyang Song, Shuangpu Sailing Return, Yuan Ma Zhiyuan

Under the setting sun, drinking and leisurely, two or three voyages have not landed.

The fallen flowers and fragrant water in thatched cottage are late, and the people selling fish at the end of the broken bridge are scattered.

Farewell at the Changting Pavilion (Excerpt) Yuan Wang Shifu

The sky is blue, the ground is yellow flowers, the west wind is strong, and the geese flying from the north to the south.

Who will be drunk in the forest at dawn? Always left in tears.

Sheep on the hillside Tong cares about ancient times Zhang Yanghao of the Yuan Dynasty

The peaks and mountains are like gatherings, the waves are like angry waves, and the mountains and rivers are on the Tongguan Road inside and outside.

Looking at the Western Capital, I hesitated.

It is sad that where the Qin and Han Dynasties traveled, thousands of palaces and palaces were turned into dirt.

When it prospers, the people suffer; when it dies, the people suffer.

The Injustice of Dou E (Excerpt) Yuanguan Hanqing

There are sun and moon hanging in the morning and evening, and there are ghosts and gods holding the power of life and death.

The heaven and the earth can only differentiate between the clear and the turbid.

How can the confusion arise and break up the thief Zhiyan Yuan.

Those who do good will suffer poverty and their lives will be shortened.

Those who do evil will enjoy wealth and longevity.

Heaven and earth are all afraid of being bullied by the strong, but it turns out that they are just as smooth as the tide.

Earth, you make things difficult for the earth regardless of good or bad;

Heaven, you are wrong in your assessment of the virtuous and foolish, and in vain!

Hey, I just shed a few tears.

Mao Zedong's poems:

Qinyuan Spring? Changsha

In the independent cold autumn, the Xiangjiang River goes north, at the head of Orange Island.

Look at the mountains covered with red, and the forests all dyed;

The river is full of green, and hundreds of boats are vying for the current.

The eagle strikes the sky, the fish flies on the shallow bottom, and all kinds of frost compete for freedom.

With a melancholy outline, I ask, who is in charge of the ups and downs of the vast earth?

I brought hundreds of couples on this trip to recall the glorious past.

The young boy who was my classmate was in his prime;

The scholar was angry and scolded Fang Qiu.

To point out the country and inspire the words, the dung is like thousands of households.

Have you ever remembered that when you hit the water in the middle of the current, the waves stopped the boat?

Historical Records:

The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty

So he gave up his remarks and admonished him:

"The reason why I am leaving my relatives is Those who serve the emperor,

only admire the righteousness of the emperor.

Now the emperor is on the same level as Lian Po,

The Lian Jun makes evil remarks,

But the king is afraid of hiding.

Mediocrity is embarrassing, let alone the general!

Please resign." p>

Lin Xiangru stood still and said:

"Who do you think of General Lian or the King of Qin?"

Said: "No."

< p>Xiangru said: "Because of the majesty of the King of Qin, Xiangru scolded the court and humiliated his ministers.

Although Xiangru is a slave, do you only fear an honest general?

Gu Wu thought,

The reason why Qin Dynasty did not dare to send troops to Zhao was because we were here.

The two tigers are fighting each other now, and their power is not mutual.

The reason why I do this is to put national concerns first and then personal hatred."

Lian Po heard about it, and his flesh was exposed to the bushes.

Because the guests came to Lin Xiangru's door to apologize,

he said: "Despicable people,

I don't know The general is so lenient!"

The soldiers want to be friends with each other and cut their throats.

On passing the Qin Dynasty Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty

Extension to King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang, enjoying the country's daylight, the country is fine.

As for the First Emperor, he fought the remaining heroes of the sixth generation,

vigorously pursued the strategy and controlled the inner world, swallowed up the princes for two weeks,

acted as the supreme and controlled the Liuhe , insisting on beating and flogging the world, and shocking the world.

Take the land of Baiyue in the south and call it Guilin and Xiangjun;

The king of Baiyue bows his head and ties his neck, and orders his subordinates.

He ordered Meng Tian to build the Great Wall to the north and guard the fence, but

defeated the Huns for more than 700 miles.

The barbarians did not dare to go south to herd horses, and the scholars did not dare to bend their bows and complain.

So he abolished the ways of the previous kings, burned the opinions of hundreds of families, and used the stupid head of Guizhou;

Made the city famous, killed the heroes, collected the soldiers of the world, and gathered in Xianyang,

< p>Sold Feng Dy and cast it into twelve golden figures to weaken the people of the world.

Then practice Huahua City, because the river is a pond,

According to the city of hundreds of millions of feet, in the face of unexpected abyss, it is considered solid.

Good generals guard the key points with strong crossbows,

Trustful ministers, elite soldiers, and Chen Libing are the best.

The world has been settled, and the First Emperor's heart is that he thinks that the Guanzhong is solid.

The golden city is thousands of miles away, and the inheritance of descendants and emperors will last forever.

The First Emperor is no longer alive, but his remaining power shocks the world.

However, Chen She,

the son of the urn and rope pivot, is a gangster and a member of the migration;

his talents are not as good as those of the middle class,

There are no wise men like Zhongni and Mo Zhai, and rich ones like Tao Zhu and Yidun;

creeping among the troops, but stubbornly rising up in the streets,

leaving the exhausted soldiers. , turned hundreds of people to attack Qin,

cut trees into soldiers, raised poles into flags,

The whole world gathered to respond, winning food and scenery.

The heroes of Shandong then joined forces and destroyed the Qin people.

The world is not small and weak.

The land of Yongzhou is solid and self-contained.

The position of Chen She is not respected to the kings of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan; The hook and halberd are long and long;

The people who are sent to the garrison are not the ones who resist the Nine Kingdoms;

The way of planning and employing troops is not the way of advancing the times.

However, success or failure has changed, and the achievements have been reversed. Why?

If you try to make the country of Shandong and Chen Shedu have a long life and compare their power and strength,

they cannot be of the same age.

However, the Qin Dynasty used only a small area to create a powerful force of ten thousand times.

The eight states were ordered and the dynasty was in the same row for more than a hundred years;

Then Liuhe was established. Home, Weihan is the palace;

One man is in trouble and seven temples are destroyed. He is killed by others, and he is the one who laughs for the world.

Why?

If benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive momentum will be different.

Topic 4: Literature of the Tang and Song Dynasties

A Trip to Baochan Mountain (Excerpt) Wang Wei of the Northern Song Dynasty

So I sighed.

The ancients often gained something by observing the heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, vegetation, insects, fish, birds and beasts.

If the barbarians are close, there will be many tourists; if the danger is far, there will be few tourists.

The majesty, weirdness, and extraordinaryness of the world are often found in dangerous and remote places that are rarely accessible to people.

Therefore, it is not for those who are ambitious. Can't come.

If you have ambition, you won’t be able to achieve it if you don’t follow it.

But if you don’t have enough strength, you won’t be able to achieve it.

Having ambition and strength, but not being lazy,

As for the darkness and confusion without anything to show it,

it is impossible to reach it.

However, the strength is enough to reach the limit,

it can be ridiculed by others, but there is regret for having done it;

Those who try their best to achieve it,

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You can have no regrets, but who can ridicule you?

This is the rest.

Ten Thoughts on Taizong's Commentary on the Tang and Wei Dynasties

Sincerity can be seen and desired,

Thinking and knowing is enough to warn oneself,

There will be achievements , then think about knowledge to calm others;

Think about high dangers, then think about being humble and rush to shepherd yourself;

If you are afraid of overflowing, then think about rivers and seas,

If you enjoy traveling around, think about the three driving forces to overcome it.

If you are worried about laziness, you will think about starting carefully and respecting the end.

If you worry about obstruction, you will think about being humble and accepting.

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If you are afraid of slander and evil, then you will think about rectifying your body and dethroning evil.

When you are favored, you will think about reward without reason.

When you are punished, you will think about nothing. Indiscriminate punishment due to anger:

In summary, these are ten thoughts and nine virtues.

Leave it as simple as you can, choose what is good and follow it,

then The wise will do their best to plan, the brave will do their best,

the benevolent will spread their benefits, and the trustworthy will be loyal to them;

Use both civil and military forces to govern.

Why bother thinking so hard,

Serving on behalf of Baisi?

Exercise thrift and show Kang Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty

I am from the Han family, and I have inherited it with innocence.

My nature does not like luxury and extravagance, and I am a suckling child.

When the elders dress me in gold, silver, and beauty, I often throw them away in shame.

Twenty-year-old family name, I heard that no flowers were worn at the wedding banquet.

In the same year, he said: "You cannot violate your gift." It is a hairpin with a flower.

I have been wearing clothes to protect myself from the cold and food to fill my belly;

I don’t dare to accept the evil deeds to correct my reputation, but I just follow my nature.

Everyone is proud of extravagance, but in my heart, frugality is the beauty.

Everyone scoffs at me for being stubborn, but I don’t think I’m sick.

In response, Confucius said: "It is better to be solid than to be inferior";

It is also said that "it is rare to miss a promise";

It is also said: " A scholar who aspires to the Tao, but is ashamed of those who wear bad clothes and eat badly, is not worthy of discussion. "

The ancients regarded frugality as a virtue, but today people criticize it for being frugal.

Hee, what a surprise!

Customs have become particularly extravagant in recent years.

The soldiers wear uniforms like soldiers and the farmers wear silk shoes.

I remember that in Tianshengzhong, my ancestor was the judge of the herds of the group.

When guests arrived, they did not drink wine.

Maybe three or five rows, but no more than seven rows. .

The wine is drunk in the market, and the fruits are pears, chestnuts, dates, persimmons and the like;

At that time, all the scholar-bureaucrats were like this, and people were not at odds with each other.

Knowing how to count but being courteous and diligent, having few things but thick feelings.

In the houses of scholar-bureaucrats these days, wine is not considered the norm,

fruits and dishes are not rare from far away places, and food is not rich in variety.

If the utensils are not full, people dare not Meet guests and friends,

Gather regularly every month, and then dare to publish books.

If it is not the case, people will argue about it and think it is stingy.

Therefore, those who do not follow the fashion will be successful.

Sigh! The customs are so decadent,

Though those in positions of power cannot restrain them, they can bear to help them!

I also heard that Duke Li Wenjing was the prime minister in the past, and his residence was in Fengqiu Gate.

The hall could only accommodate rotating horses, or it was said to be too narrow.

The Duke laughed and said: "The throne should be passed down to the descendants.

This is the sincerity of the prime minister's office.

The office of Taizhu has been relaxed."

Gong Lu participated in politics as an admonishment officer. Zhenzong sent an envoy to summon him urgently.

He got to a restaurant. After entering, he asked where he was and found out the truth.

The above said: "You are an official of the Qing Dynasty, why do you drink in a wine shop?"

The answer is: "My family is poor, and the guests have no utensils, food, or fruits, so I go to the wine shop?" ”

It is beneficial to keep it hidden.

When Zhang Wenjie was the prime minister and he supported himself as the secretary of Heyang Zhang,

his relatives or friends said: "My lord is receiving a lot of salary now.

And if you do this, although you are confident that you will keep the promise, outsiders will ridicule Gongsun Bubei."

The public sighed and said, "My salary today is not good enough.

Although the family is well clothed and well fed, why not?

It is human nature to change from frugality to luxury, but from luxury to frugality is difficult. How can today's salary last forever? How can the body last forever?

If it is different from today, the family has been accustomed to luxury for a long time.

If you cannot be frugal, you will lose your place. >

How can it be that if I occupy the position, leave the position, survive, and die, it will always be the same as the same day?"

Oh! The foresight and foresight of a great sage is beyond the reach of others!

Yu Sun said: "Frugality is the ultimate virtue; extravagance is the greatest evil."

***, the same thing; all those who are virtuous are frugal. Come.

A thrifty husband will have few desires: a gentleman will have few desires, and will not serve things.

He will be able to walk in a straight line;

A villain will be cautious if he has few desires. If you use your body and integrity, you will be far away from the Feng family.

So it is said: "Frugality is the ultimate virtue."

Extensiveness leads to too many desires:

A gentleman's excessive desires lead to greed for wealth and honor, which is in vain. Quick disaster;

A villain who has many desires will seek too much for misuse, ruining his family and losing his life;

So if you are an official, you must bribe, and if you live in the countryside, you must steal.

Therefore, it is said: "Luxury is the greatest evil."

In the past, when his father was eating porridge to make ends meet;

Meng Xizi knew that there would be a master after him. .

Ji Wenzi looked at the three kings. The concubine did not wear silk and the horse did not eat millet.

The gentleman thought he was loyal.

Guan Zhong carved Gui, Zhu Hong, and Shanjiaozao. Confucius despised his small utensils.

Gongshu Wenzi enjoyed Duke Ling of Wei, and Shi Xiao knew that he was in trouble;

Have you ever lost ten thousand yuan a day, and your grandson was so proud that your whole family was ruined?

Shi Chong praised others for his extravagance, but he died in Dongshi because of it.

In recent times, Kou Lai Gong was extravagant for a while, but because of his great achievements,

It is no wonder that his descendants followed his family tradition, and many of them are now poor.

There are many others who have made a name for themselves by being frugal, but have ruined themselves by being extravagant.

It’s impossible to count them all. Let me give you a few examples to teach you.

You are not a mere disciple, you should serve and train your descendants.

Let them know the customs of their predecessors.

Teacher said Han Yu of Tang Dynasty

The ancient scholars must have teachers. A teacher is a person who preaches the truth, receives knowledge, and solves doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, it is confusion, and you will never be able to understand it. Those who were born before me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them; those born after me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them. My teacher, do you know who was born to me one year or another? Therefore, there is neither high nor low, neither long nor short. Where the Tao exists, the teacher exists.

Sigh! It’s been a long time since teachers’ teachings were passed on! It’s hard to be clear of confusion! The ancient saints were also far away from others, and they still asked if they were teachers. Today's people are also far away from the saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, saintliness makes saints better, and fools make fools worse. The reason why saints are saints and the reason why fools are fools are all due to this! If you love your son and choose a teacher to teach him, you will be ashamed of the teacher and confused! The teacher of the boy, who teaches the readers a book and then learns its sentences, is not what I call someone who teaches his way and solves his confusion. I don't know how to read a sentence, I don't understand it when I'm confused, maybe it's a teacher's fault, or maybe it's not a good idea. I haven't seen the clarity from elementary school. Witch doctors, musicians, and people who work in various industries are not ashamed of the physiognomist; the clan of scholar-bureaucrats, who say "master" or "disciple", will gather together and laugh. When asked, he said: "He is similar to that year, and the way is similar. A low position is shameful, and a high official is close to flattery." Woohoo! The way of a teacher can no longer be known. Witch doctors, musicians, and people who work in various industries are looked down upon by a gentleman. Now his wisdom is beyond his reach, how strange it is!

The sage is the teacher of impermanence. Confucius studied under Tanzi, Changhong, Xiang and Laodan. The disciples of Tanzi were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "If three people are walking together, there must be my teacher." Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a certain order of learning, and there is a specialization in the arts, that's all.

Zi Pan, a seventeen-year-old son of the Li family, was fond of ancient Chinese prose and was familiar with the classics and biographies of the six arts. Yu Jiaqi was able to practice the ancient way and wrote "Shi Shuo" to teach him.