Selection of land: choose fertile soil, water sources of broad-leaved evergreen forest land or drainage and irrigation party

Sand nuts

Po便's hill slopes, valleys and plains planting. Before planting, the land is reclaimed and the land is prepared, and the weeds are removed and the redundant undesirable shade trees are cut down. The whole or hole cultivation. While clearing the land, build drainage and irrigation ditches around the mountain to prevent drought and flooding, and in the plains, open ditches and borders, and plan footpaths. When natural forest shade is lacking, afforestation can be planted in.

Features

1. Yangchun sand nuts reddish gray or grayish brown.

① The surface of the epidermal cells of the seed coat is now elongated, with acuminate or obtuse rounded ends, up to 346μm long, 9-54μm in diameter, and with an outer cuticle.

② Hypodermal cells are oblong or oblong-like, 40-100 μm long, 11-34 μm in diameter, often arranged vertically with the upper and lower layers of the epidermal cells, and the cytosol contains brown or reddish-brown material, which is easy to break into pigmented pieces.

③ The oil cell section is now rectangular, some of the cell cavity can be seen oil droplets.

④ Inner testa thick-walled cells, surface view polygonal, size (13-23) μm × (20-31) μm, wall thickness of about 2 μm, non-woody, the cavity contains rounded siliceous blocks, size (10-19) μm × (18-29) μm; section view cells arranged in a grid, the cell cavity is located at the upper end, containing siliceous blocks. In addition, there are pseudopodial cells, pigment cells, endosperm cells, endosperm cells, and calcium oxalate square crystals and cluster crystals.

2. Green shell sand nuts reddish gray or dark gray.

1) The epidermal cells of the testa are elongated, 307μm in length and 17-38μm in diameter.

Sand kernel

2) The hypodermal cells are oblong, 39-110μm in length and 9-44μm in diameter.

3) The thick-walled cells of the endodermis are polygonal in shape, 9-18μm×10-24μm, with wall thickness of about 3μm, and with a thickness of about 3μm, and a thickness of about 3μm. The wall thickness is about 3μm, and the size of the siliceous mass in the cell cavity is (5-13)μm×(6-19)μm.

3. Hainan sand kernel is gray-brown.

1) The epidermal cells of the testa are elongated, up to 405 μm in length and 34-54 μm in diameter.

2) The hypodermal cells are oblong or rectangular, 38-132 μm in length and 13-38 μm in diameter, with curved walls, often arranged vertically with the upper and lower layers of epidermal cells, and containing reddish-brown or yellow pigment.

3) Inner testa thick-walled cells surface view polygonal, size (9-23) μm × (10-26) μm, wall thickness of about 1.5m, cavity containing siliceous mass, size (8-20) μm × (9-25) μm; section view rows of fenestrated.

Propagation

Seed propagation

Seedlings should be selected on shady slopes, sheltered from the wind, convenient drainage and irrigation, and in places with loose and fertile soil. After deep plowing and fine harrowing, make a bed, the width of the bed is 133cm. apply enough rotted farmyard fertilizer. At the same time in the preparation of a good trellis, so that after the emergence of seedlings cover grass shade.

Selection and seed treatment: August to September when the seeds are ripe, choose a large and full of fruit to save seeds. Will pick the fruit immediately peeled out of the seed or bamboo basket containing fruit indoor composting fruit for 3 to 4 days, and then wash the seeds, rub the skin, dry.

Sowing time and method: sowing in spring and fall. Spring sowing in mid or late March, fall sowing in late August to early September. Autumn sower germination fast and neat, 20 days after sowing germination rate of 60% to 70%. Sowing method is mostly used open row spot sowing, row spacing 12 ~ 15cm, plant spacing 4.5 ~ 6cm, sowing depth of 2 ~ 3cm. 2.5 ~ 3kg of seed per acre or 4 ~ 5kg of fresh fruits.

Split-plant propagation

In the nursery or in the field, choose the robust growth of the plant, cut 1 ~ 2 grape stems with 5 ~ 10 leaflets of the plant as seedlings, in the The spring equinox or the fall equinox around the time of sufficient rainfall planting. The spacing between rows and plants is 100×100cm. when planting, bury the old grape stems into the soil 2-3cm deep, cover the soil with compaction, and cover the young grape stems with loose soil. If planting in dry weather, planting should be poured enough root water to ensure survival.

Sandra

Fine seedlings

Immediately after sowing, cover the grass, watering to keep the soil moist. Seedlings out of the ground after uncovering the grass, and immediately in a good trellis with grass shade, shade to 80% to 90% is appropriate. When the seedlings have 7 to 8 leaves, adjust to about 70%. Seedlings are afraid of low temperatures and frost, should be applied before winter rotted cow dung and grass ash, in order to keep warm and improve the cold resistance of seedlings. Before the cold wave comes, set up a windbreak barrier on the north side of the border, field fumigation or plastic film to prevent cold and keep warm.

Seedlings have 2 true leaves when the beginning of fertilizer, there are 5 to 10 leaves, respectively, the second and third fertilizer, there are 10 leaves every month after the fertilizer every 1 month. Fertilizer to nitrogen-based fertilizer, pay attention to the first dilute and then thick. Seedlings grow to 33cm or more in height, in spring and fall to choose rainy days for planting. The planting method is the same as the planting method.

Field

1. Weed cutting: 1.2 years after planting, plant distribution is sparse, weed growth is rapid, weeding work should be carried out regularly. After entering the flowering and fruiting age, weeding 2 times a year, respectively, in February and August to September after the harvest. At the same time as weeding and removing the dead branches and leaves, cut off the withered, weak, diseased and residual seedlings, and appropriately cut off some of the over-dense spring shoots. Leave 2 to 30,000 seedlings per mu.

2. Fertilizer soil: the first two years after planting, fertilization 2 to 3 times a year, respectively, in February to March and October. In addition to the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizer appropriate increase in nitrogen fertilizer. When possible, apply dilute urine water (1 part of urine plus 3 parts of water) or use urea as extra-root fertilizer before flowering, which has a good effect on improving the fruiting rate. Cultivate the soil with guest soil after harvesting the fruit in combination with fall fertilization. Cultivate the soil to cover 2/3 of the rootstock to the extent that it can promote the division and root growth, to ensure high and stable yield.

3. Adjust the degree of shade: adjust the degree of shade according to the light intensity required during the growth period of sand nuts. If the shade is too large, you should cut off too much shade trees or branches; if the shade is too small, then in the spring to replant shade trees.

4. Irrigation and drainage: In order to meet the different stages of growth and development of sand nuts on the water requirements, should be appropriate irrigation and drainage. If the flowering and fruiting period in dry weather, must be timely irrigation, so as not to cause dry flowers, affecting yield; such as rain, soil water, excessive humidity, must be timely drainage, so as not to cause rotten fruit.

5. Artificial pollination: the flowers of the sand nut is a typical insect-pollinated flowers, itself can not self-pollination, in natural conditions, must rely on insect pollination, in order to results. Therefore, in places where insect pollination is scarce, artificial pollination can greatly improve the fruiting rate and yield of sand nuts.

Artificial pollination of sand nuts generally uses the push-pull method. With the right hand or the left hand of the middle finger and thumb to hold the large petals and stamens, and the thumb will be the pistil first gently pushed down, and then pulled up, a push and pull can make a large number of pollen stuffed into the stigma hole. It can be done from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. every day.

6. Protection of pollinating insects: insects are the best pollinators of sand nuts, in a variety of insect pollination of more than one lot, the rate of natural results of 30% to 40%, some even up to 60% to 80%.

Preventing insects

1. Rickettsial blight: occurring in the seedling stage, mostly in March to April and October to November, so that the seedling base shriveled and dried up and died. You can spray 1:1:120-140 Bordeaux solution or use quintozene 200-400 times liquid irrigation to prevent and control.

2. Leaf spot disease: occurring in the seedling stage, the onset of the early leaves were water-logged, no obvious edge of the spot, and then the whole plant died.

Treatment: clean the seedbed, burn the diseased plants; pay attention to the seedbed ventilation and light, reduce the temperature; more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, enhance disease resistance; with 1: 1: 120-160 Bordeaux solution or Dyson ammonia 1,000 times spray, once a week, 3 to 4 times in a row.

Prevention methods: pay attention to drainage, ventilation, light penetration, less nitrogen fertilizer during flowering and fruiting; lime and grass ash (1 part lime to 2-3 parts of grass ash) once each in March and October to November, 15-20kg per mu; 1% formalin or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution (50kg per mu) sprayed with fruit and grape stems during flowering and fruiting period, and sprinkled with 1:4 lime and grass ash,*** spray 3 to 4 times.

3. Drill bugs: young shoots (seedlings without leaves), the apex of the damaged shoots dry, and finally died. Prevention and control methods: adult egg-laying period can be used 40% of the lego emulsion 1000 times liquid or 90% of trichlorfon original powder 800 times liquid spraying.