Artemisia annua (Asteraceae, Artemisia)
Artemisia annua (Compositae)
40. Artemisia annua (Compositae) Grass artemisia [Shennong's Compendium of Materia Medica (partially)], Artemisia annua (Shennong's Compendium of Materia Medica, Chinese herbal medicine commonly known as Artemisia), Artemisia stenchata (Rihua compendium of materia medica), Artemisia papillae (Shuhu compendium of materia medica), Artemisia annua (commonly known as Artemisia), Artemisia odoratae (Nei Menggu) Chrysanthemum coronarium (Shanxi), yellow chrysanthemum, wild chrysanthemum (Jiangsu), autumn artemisia, fragrant bitter herbs, wild bitter herbs (Shanghai), chicken lice grass (Jiangxi), yellow soil cause (Hunan), false coriander, fragrant silk grass, wine cake grass (Guangdong, Hainan Island), bitter artemisia (Sichuan, Yunnan), "Shalawong", "Molin Yishah", "Lirri" (Mongolian), "Moling Yishah" (Mongolian), "Moling Yishah" (Mongolian), and "Moling Yishah" (Mongolian). Lirzh" (name in Mongolian), "Hao Ni a Sharilji" (name of Mongolian medicine), "Kang Pa" (name in Uyghur), "Kelang" (name in Tibetan)
Morphological features: annual herb; the plant has a strong volatile aroma. Roots solitary, vertical, narrowly fusiform; stems solitary, 100-200 cm tall, up to 1 cm in diameter at base, longitudinally ribbed, green when young, turning brown or reddish brown, much branched; stems, branches, both surfaces of leaves and abaxial surface of involucral bracts glabrous or initially abaxial surface faintly very sparsely pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves papery, green; lower stem leaves broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 3-7 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, green, both surfaces with minute deciduous white glandular dots and minute concave dots, three- (to four-) times pectinate-pinnatipartite, with 5-8(-10) lobes on each side, lobes oblong-elliptic-ovate, splitting again, margins of lobules with multiple pectinate-triangular or oblong-triangular sinusoids, teeth 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide. 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, midrib conspicuous, slightly elevated on leaf surface, narrowly winged without pectinate teeth on both sides of midrib, sparsely with several small pectinate teeth distally, petiole 1-2 cm long, base with half-embracing pseudopetiole; middle lobe bi- (to tertiary) pectinate pinnatipartite, lobules pectinate-triangular. Rarely thinly narrowly linear, shortly stipitate; distal leaves with bracteate leaves one (to two) times pectinate-pinnatipartite, subsessile. Heads globose, numerous, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam., shortly pedicellate, pendulous or inclined, with linear bracteoles at base, arranged in racemes or compound racemes on branches and forming spreading, spire-shaped panicles on stems; involucral bracts 3-4-layered, inner and outer layers subequal, outer involucral bracts long ovate or narrowly long elliptic, midribs green, margins membranous, middle and inner involucral bracts broadly ovate or ovate. Inflorescence receptacle raised, hemispherical; flowers deep yellow, 10-18 female flowers, corolla narrowly tubular, limb with 2(-3)-lobed teeth, glandular dots outside, style linear, protruding from outside of corolla, apex 2-forked, forked end obtuse; 10-30 bisexual flowers, fruiting or a few flowers in center unfruitful, corolla tubular, anthers linear, upper appendages pointed, long-triangular, base mucronate, style nearly as long as corolla, apex 2-forked, forked ends truncate, with short eyelashes. Achenes small, ellipsoid-ovate, slightly compressed. Fruiting period August-November.
Origin and distribution: throughout the country; eastern half of the provinces and districts are distributed in areas below 1,500 meters above sea level, northwestern and southwestern provinces and districts are distributed in areas between 2,000 and 3,000 meters, and Tibet is distributed in an area of 3,650 meters; the habitat is highly adaptable, and it is found in eastern and southern provinces and districts along the roadsides, wastelands, slopes, and forest margins, etc.; other provinces and districts are also found in grasslands, forested steppe, dry valleys, semi-deserts and gravelly slopes, etc., and also found on saline slopes. Other provinces and regions also grow in grasslands, forested grasslands, dry river valleys, semi-deserts and gravelly slopes, etc., but also on salinized soil, local areas can become the dominant species or the main companion species of plant communities. It is widely distributed in temperate, cool-temperate and subtropical regions of Europe and Asia, and is most abundant in the central, eastern and southern parts of Europe and the northern, central and eastern parts of Asia, and extends its distribution to the Mediterranean Sea and the northern part of Africa, and to the southern and southwestern countries of Asia; it has also migrated to North America from the northern part of Asia, and is widely distributed in Canada and the United States. The type specimen was taken from the Siberian region of the USSR.
Functional use: It contains volatile oil, and artemisinin (qing hau su C15H2205), artemisinin I, II (arteannuin I, II), a-pinene, camphor, according to the leaf oleoresin, artemisinin, and so on, in addition, also contains flavonoids; aboveground also contains scopolypium endolipid compounds. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone compounds, the main active ingredient of antimalarial, treatment of various types of malaria, with rapid-acting, low-toxicity advantages, malaria and falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria is particularly good.
Artemisia carvifolia (Proto var. Artemisia) (Asteraceae, Artemisia)
Artemisia carvifolia var. carvifolia (Compositae)
39a.Artemisia carvifolia (Proto var. Artemisia) Plate 9: 1-6
Name Literature: Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham. var. carvifolia
Morphological characters: annual herb; plant is aromatic. Main root single, vertical, lateral roots few. Stem solitary, 30-150 cm tall, much branched distally, green when young, longitudinally striped, slightly lignified proximally, slender, glabrous. Leaves greenish or light green on both surfaces, glabrous; basal and lower stem leaves trivially pectinate-pinnatifid, long-petiolate, leaves withered at anthesis; middle leaves oblong, oblong-ovate, or elliptic, 5-15 cm long, 2-5.5 cm wide, bipartite pectinate-pinnatifid, the first divided, with 4-6 lobes on each side, the lobes oblong, the base cuneate, with multiple long-triangular pectinate teeth per lobe or for the lobes oblong, base cuneate, each lobe with multiple long triangular pectinate teeth or small, slightly linear-lanceolate lobules, apex acute, often with 1-3 small cleft teeth or no cleft teeth on both sides, midaxis and lobe pinnae often serrulate, petiole 0.5-1 cm, base with small semiclasping pseudopetiole; upper leaves and bracteoles one- (to two-) pectinate-pinnatifid, sessile. Heads hemispherical or subhemispherical, 3.5-4 mm in diam., shortly pedicellate, pendulous, basally with linear bracteoles, arranged in spikelike racemes on branches and forming moderately spreading panicles on stems; involucral bracts 3-4-layered, outer involucral bracts narrowly, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abaxially green, glabrous, minutely whitish spotted, margins broadly membranous, mid-intermediate involucral bracts slightly larger, broadly ovate or long ovate, margin broadly membranous, inner involucral bracts semimembranous or membranous, apically rounded; inflorescence hypanthium globose; flowers yellowish; female flowers 10-20, corolla narrowly tubular, limb bifidly toothed, style projecting from corolla tube, apex 2-forked, forked tip pointed; bisexual flowers 30-40, pregnant or several of middle ones infertile, corolla tubular, anthers linear, upper appendages pointed, long triangular, base rounded, style as long as or slightly longer than corolla. Style as long as or slightly longer than corolla, apically 2-forked, forked ends truncate, with eyelashes. Achenes oblong to ellipsoid. Flowering and fruiting period June-September.
Origin: Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei (S), Shaanxi (S), Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan (E), Guizhou, Yunnan, and other provinces and districts; often found scattered in low elevation, moist sandy riverbanks, valleys, forest margins, roadsides, etc., and also in coastal areas. It is also found in coastal areas. It is also found in Korea, Japan, Vietnam (north), Myanmar, India (north) and Nepal. The type specimen was collected from the southeastern Himalayas.
Functional uses: Contains volatile oil, also contains abrotanine (C21H22N2O) and bittersweet. It is used in medicine, but is not a genuine product of the traditional Chinese medicine "Artemisia annua". It is reported that this species has the effect of clearing heat, cooling blood, reducing steam, relieving heatstroke, dispelling wind, and relieving itching, and is used as an antipyretic agent to reduce fever in yin deficiency and dampness, and to stop night sweating and heatstroke, etc. However, this species does not contain artemisinin, and does not have any antimalarial effect. The Materia Medica Compendium" and other ancient herbal books described "Artemisia annua flower color light green, yellowish" may be this species; "save the desert materia medica" and "wild vegetables BoLu" contained in the "evil Artemisia annua" is also this species.