[Morphology]The bamboo chicken is about 30 centimeters long and weighs 200-250 grams. The beak is black or nearly brown, the forehead and brow lines are gray, the top of the head and the back of the neck are tender olive brown with smaller white spots, the chest is gray and half-ringed, the front of the lower body is chestnut brown, gradually turning to brownish-yellow, the ribs have black-brown spots, and the tarsus and toes are yellowish-brown.
[Ecology] The bird is often found in groups of 3-5 or more than 10 in mountainous areas, thickets, grasslands, and bamboo forests. In summer, it is mostly active on the mountainside and hilltop, and in winter, it moves to the foot of the mountains, streams and jungles to forage for food. At night, one by one, they form a string on the branches of horizontal trees and stay close to each other for warmth. Bamboo chickens feed on weed seeds, shoots and fruits. In captivity, it eats corn, wheat and other insects. Bamboo chickens are good at chirping, and their chirps are sharp and loud, especially during the breeding season.
[Breeding] The bird enters the breeding season in March every year, when it changes from group roosting to dispersed activities, and the male bamboo grouse has the behavior of occupying the land alone, in its field, not allowing other similar invasions, so there are often fights. Egg-laying in April-May, in the dense thicket, grass, bamboo forest ground nest, inside the leaves, hay and other things. Each nest lays 7-12 eggs, weighing 15 grams, dark cream or light brown, with brown dots and light gray spots. The eggs are incubated by the female, and the incubation period is 16-18 days, with the longest period reaching 20 days. The chicks are early birds, and can run and forage with the adults after they come out of the shell. Bamboo chicken is a wild domesticated value of high value of rare birds, vitality and disease resistance is very strong, good breeding performance, suitable for rearing throughout China. Its thick meat, fine bones, small internal organs, high muscle protein content, less fat, tender meat, delicious flavor, is a high-quality game tonic, with the development of heavy bamboo chicken farming industry, it will dominate the entire poultry market. Bamboo chicken in artificial rearing conditions, the average annual egg production of 80, good egg-laying performance of individuals in good husbandry management conditions can reach 120.
I, breeder rearing and management
(1) rearing conditions: breeding bamboo chickens such as loose feed raising, there should be a poultry house and sports ground, so that it can be quiet to eat and rest but also flying activities, access to natural sunlight. House rearing density of 15 / square meter;
(2) feed and feeding methods: feed preparation should be reasonable, both to ensure its normal development and is not fat. Beverage formula is: corn meal 42%, wheat flour 30%, soybean meal 17%, fish meal 5%, stone powder 4%, trace elements 1.5%, rock salt 0.2%. Additives 0.3% . In addition, for every 100 kilograms of feed, add 20 grams of multivitamins, feeding 30-35 grams per day, feeding 3 times a day.
(3) Management: drinking water should be fresh and sufficient, and the air in the house is fresh. Catching bamboo chickens should be carried out at night after lights out, with flashlight lighting, one by one, catching bamboo chickens in the daytime will make the whole flock flying, severe stress, and even cause death. The vaccination program is as follows: 1 week old with chicken Newcastle disease I vaccine nose drops, 10 weeks old intramuscular injection of chicken city disease I set up vaccine, before laying eggs and then injected once chicken city disease I vaccine.
Two, chicken feeding management
Breeding bamboo chickens raised to 28 weeks of age, transferred to the breeding bamboo chicken feeding period. According to the ratio of 1:3 male and female group cage rearing. After adjusting the beverage and light, the bamboo chicken about 31 weeks of age to start laying eggs
1, rearing conditions: egg-laying bamboo chicken on the environmental temperature requirements are more stringent, lower than 5 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃, the optimal temperature for laying eggs for the 16-24 ℃, the light can promote the activity of the reproductive glands, improve the rate of egg production. Breeder rearing room light room light intensity to reach 3 watts / square meter, the light bulb hanging in the ground 2 meters high, spacing should be appropriate, so that the light distribution is uniform. Light time and light intensity can not be long or short, high or low, or affect the egg production rate. Egg-laying period of 16 hours of light / day, the rest period of light 8 hours / day, according to the feed and light intensity and time to adjust the bamboo chicken production and rest. Breeding bamboo chickens are generally utilized for 2-3 years.
2. Feed: Breeding bamboo chickens do not have high requirements for protein, but have high requirements for vitamins and trace elements, and require a comprehensive and reasonable. The formula is as follows: corn meal 61.25%, soybean meal 18.59%, wheat flour 10.46%, methionine 0.23%, stone powder 7.38%, salt 0.5%, calcium phosphate 1.09%, trace elements and vitamins premixed 0.5%. If feeding fresh maggots can also improve egg production.
3, incubation: domesticated bamboo chicken breeding using artificial incubation. Incubator can be incubated with electricity, can also be incubated with kerosene lamps or hot water bag incubation. Breeding eggs must be fresh, well-proportioned, too large, too small, deformed, unclean eggs should be removed, the preservation period is generally no more than 7 days. The preservation temperature should be 10-15℃, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 20℃. The preservation humidity is about 65%, and the preservation period should be prevented from sunlight and vibration. Into the hatching before the eggs to be disinfected, the method is to put the eggs in the container, according to 14 g / m3 to add potassium permanganate and 28 ml / m3 plus formalin poured on potassium permanganate, so that it produces gas, tightly closed container lid fumigation can be 2 hours.
4, temperature: incubation room room temperature in winter to maintain 18-23 ℃, summer in 23-30 ℃, incubation room temperature 37-38 ℃; relative humidity within 7 days 55% -60%, 1-10 days 50% -55%. 10-17 days 70% -75%. Turning eggs is very important, from hatching to 15 days must be turned every 2 hours, otherwise the hatching rate is greatly low. 16 days to the shell can not turn eggs. In the incubation period also need to pay attention to drying eggs, drying to 32-33 ℃ can be, the middle of the incubation, each drying time 10-15 minutes, late or hot each drying 30 minutes, 23-24 days no longer drying eggs. During the incubation period, the eggs are shone twice, the first time on the 5th-6th day, the second time on the 16th day, after the second time, the eggs of the developing parties are transferred to the brooder, and continue to be incubated until the chicks come out. The egg tray for chicks should be placed flat to prevent squeezing, otherwise it will affect the chicks. Another mesh should be covered on the chick plate to prevent the chicks from falling out of the shell. The temperature of the chick emergence box should be 0.5-1℃ lower than that of the incubation box. Pay attention to the amount of ventilation of the chick emergence apparatus after dropping the tray. Appropriately increase the water, disk, and raise the humidity to facilitate shelling.
Bamboo chicken incubation period of 17-18 days. After the chicks out of the fluff has been dry chick pick out. Put in the box, the bottom of the box should be hot on soft hay or soft paper, to 50-100/box is appropriate. For the embryonic chicks that can peck at the shell but are unable to come out of the shell, they can be artificially assisted, and the assisted birth should be carried out after the vascularization of the urinary bladder of the chicks has dried up. Try to open as little as possible, so as not to affect the chicks. To 20 days do not chick all do not
Three, brood
Breeding methods can be used plastic greenhouse brood, clothing brood temperature the first week of age, the temperature is reduced by 10 ℃, until the temperature is similar to the natural temperature to stop adding heat. Brood temperature within 1 week of age relative temperature of 60% -70%, after 1 week of age for 50% -60%. In the brooding process to ensure the stability of the brooding temperature under the premise of attention to ventilation and air, increase the fresh air in the shed, the density of chicks bamboo chicken 1-10 days old, 80 / square meter; 10 days old to 4 weeks of age, 50 / square meter; 4 weeks of age to 13 weeks of age, 25 / square meter. Light intensity: 20 hours to 1 week of age, the implementation of full-day light, the intensity of 4 watts / square meter; commercial bamboo chicken brooding, light 20 hours / day, 2 watts / square meter. The brooder in the shed should be prevented from cats, rats and other hazards.
To drink water 24 hours after chicks, first use 1:3000 potassium permanganate solution to let them drink freely, the next day start drinking 0.5% glucose water for 5 days, and then Enrofloxacin (according to the instructions of the water) drinking water for 5 days. Shell 24 hours to open food, first feed some broken rice mixed with boiled egg yolks, sesame seeds, etc., can be spread on the thick cardboard feed to let it guide the food, feeding amount of the first week of the daily average of 8 grams / only, and then gradually increase. From the second week of age to full-price feed in the breeding period.
Domestication
One, choose a good matchmaker seedling: choose a large, strong, lively, love to call the chicks or young birds (mountain birds are not limited) as a matchmaker training.
Second, diligently skating birds: to familiarize and adapt to a variety of different environments, and cultivate feelings with the owner.
Third, comprehensive nutrition: usually take chick feed as the main, add some chopped peanut rice, oats, panicum, sesame seeds, rape seeds, etc., must be fed some small worms every day (yellow mealworms 10-20 can be), to ensure that the supply of green fodder and drinking water. Try to diversify the feed. In order to raise the sex, you can feed some egg yolk, royal jelly (not more).
Four, more teasing chirping: often take the bird on the mountain, listen to the mountain bird chirping. Usually often use the bamboo chicken whistle to tease the matchmaker bird chirping, especially in the matchmaker bird chirping, the owner should be and the rhythm of the matchmaker bird chirping, can not blow. Bamboo chicken: "Chicken and dog good"! Master: "Good boy"! "Chicken and dog good! Good boy!" After a period of training, the birds will chirp along when they hear their master's whistle.
Japanese bamboo chicken breeding technology
A, breeding prospects Japanese bamboo chicken is a breeding value of high value of rare birds, vitality and disease resistance is very strong, good breeding performance, suitable for rearing throughout China. Its thick meat, fine bones, small internal organs, muscle protein content is high, less fat, tender meat, delicious flavor, is a high-quality game tonic, with the development of bamboo chicken farming, it will dominate the entire poultry market. Bamboo chicken in artificial rearing conditions, the average annual egg production of 80, good egg-laying performance of individuals in good husbandry management conditions can reach 120. Breeding bamboo chicken production potential is very large, Anhua County, Hunan Province, high-efficiency breeding demonstration park since 2002, the introduction of Japanese bamboo chicken breeding, breeding scale gradually expanding, has developed into the country's largest bamboo chicken breeding base. The annual output value is more than 500,000 yuan. Now its breeding experience is introduced as follows:
Two, into the feeding tube: 1, feeding conditions: breeding bamboo chickens such as free-range feeding, there should be a poultry house and sports ground, so that it is able to eat and rest quietly and can fly activities, access to natural sunlight. House rearing density of 15 / square meter; 2, feed and feeding methods: feed preparation should be reasonable, both to ensure its normal development and not fat. Feed formula is: corn meal 42%, wheat flour 30%, soybean meal 17%, fish meal 5%, stone powder 4%, trace elements 1.5%, rock salt 0.2%. ... Additives 0.3%. In addition, for every 100 kilograms of feed, add 20 grams of multivitamins, feeding 30-35 grams per day, feeding 3 times a day; 3, management: drinking water should be fresh, sufficient, fresh air in the house. Catching bamboo chickens should be carried out at night after lights out, with flashlight lighting, one by one, catching bamboo chickens in the daytime will make the whole flock flying, severe stress, and even cause death. The vaccination program is: 1 week old with chicken Newcastle disease 1 series vaccine nose drops, 10 weeks old intramuscular injection of chicken Newcastle disease 1 series vaccine, before laying eggs and then injected once chicken Newcastle disease 1 series vaccine.
Three, breeding bamboo chicken feeding management: breeding bamboo chicken feeding well, egg production rate, seed egg fertilization rate, fertilized egg hatching and brood survival rate are high. So the breeding management of bamboo chickens is the key link to improve the reproduction rate. Breeding bamboo chickens are raised to 28 weeks of age, and then transferred to the breeding bamboo chicken rearing period. Prior to this, the individuals should be strictly selected again, the body shape will be left in line with the selection of breeding, the mental state is not good, the color of the hair is not good or a part of the deformity to be eliminated. Then they should be grouped into cages according to the ratio of 1:3 males to females. After adjusting the feed and light, the bamboo chickens will start laying eggs at about 31 weeks of age. 1, rearing conditions: laying bamboo chickens have more stringent requirements on the environmental temperature, lower than 5 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃, the rate of laying eggs and fertilization rate will be greatly affected. The optimal temperature for egg laying is 16-24℃, and the light can promote the activity of reproductive gland function and improve the egg production rate. Breeding bamboo chicken rearing room light intensity to reach 3 watts / square meter, the light bulb hanging in the ground 2 meters high, the spacing should be appropriate, so that the light distribution is uniform. Light time and light intensity can not be long and short, high and low, or affect the egg production rate. Egg-laying period of 16 hours of light / day, the rest period of light 8 hours / day, according to the feed and light intensity and time to adjust the species of bamboo chicken production and rest. Breeding bamboo chicken utilization life is generally 2-3 years. 2, feed: breed of bamboo chicken on protein requirements are not high, but on vitamins and trace elements require high, and requires a comprehensive and reasonable. The formula is as follows: corn meal 61.25%, soybean meal 18.59%, wheat flour 10.46%, methionine 0.23%, stone powder 7.38%, salt 0.5%, calcium phosphate 1.09%, trace elements and vitamins premixed 0.5%. If feeding fresh maggots can also improve egg production.3, feeding management: egg-laying period of unrestricted feeding, feeding 3 times a day, the amount of feeding to the feed trough without stopping the principle of material. Feed should be fresh, to moldy feed will make egg production decline. Bamboo chicken with powder, easy to feed. Drinking water should be added to the hygromycin and Vitamin B drugs, favorable to eliminate stress. Indoor hygiene, fresh air.
Four, incubation: domesticated bamboo chicken breeding using artificial incubation. Incubator can be incubated with electric appliances, can also be incubated with kerosene lamps or hot water bag incubation. Breeding eggs must be fresh, well-proportioned, too large, too small, deformed, unclean eggs should be removed, the preservation period is generally no more than 7 days. The preservation temperature should be 10-15℃, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 20℃. The preservation humidity is about 65%, preventing direct sunlight and vibration during the preservation period. Into the hatching before the eggs to be disinfected, the method is to put the eggs in the container, according to 14 g / m3 to add potassium permanganate and 28 ml / m3 plus formalin poured on potassium permanganate, so that it produces gas, tightly closed container lid fumigation can be 2 hours. Incubation room room temperature is maintained at 18-23 ℃ in winter, 23-30 ℃ in summer, incubation room temperature 37-38 ℃; relative humidity within 7 days 55% - 60%, 1 - 10 days 50% - 55%. 10 - 17 days 70% - 75%. Turning eggs is very important, from hatching to 15 days must be every 2 hours to turn over 1 egg, otherwise the hatching rate is greatly reduced. 16 days to the shell can not turn over the eggs. In the incubation period should also pay attention to drying eggs, drying to 32 - 33 ℃ can be, the middle of the incubation, each time to dry the eggs 10-15 minutes, late or hot each time to dry the eggs for 30 minutes, 23-24 days no longer drying the eggs, the incubation period of the eggs 2 times, the first photo in the 5-6 days, the second photo in the 16 days, after the second photo of the development of the eggs, the first photo in the 5-6 days, the second photo in the 5-6 days, the second photo in the 5-6 days. On the 16th day, after the second illumination, the normal development of the eggs will be transferred to the brooder, and continue to incubate until the chicks come out. Eggs for chicks should be placed flat to prevent extrusion, otherwise it will affect the chicks, and mesh should be added on the chicks' tray to avoid the chicks falling out of the shell. The temperature of the chick box should be 0.5-1 ℃ lower than the temperature of the incubation box. After the fall of the disk, we should pay attention to the amount of ventilation of the chicks, and appropriately increase the amount of water, disk, and improve the humidity, in order to facilitate the emergence of the shell. Bamboo chicken incubation period of 17-18 days, out of the chick after the fluff has been dry chick bamboo chicken pick out. Put in the chick box, the bottom of the box should be hot on the soft hay or soft paper, to 50 --- 100 only / box is appropriate. For embryonic chicks that can peck at the shell but are unable to come out of the shell, they can be manually assisted, and the assisted birth should be carried out after the vascularization of the urinary bladder of the chicks dries up, and the chick exporter should be opened as little as possible so as not to affect the chicks. Incubation to 20 days without chicks do not want.
Five, brood: brood method can be used plastic greenhouse brood, brood temperature, the first week of age, the temperature is reduced by 10 ℃, until the temperature is similar to the natural temperature to stop heating. Brood humidity 1 week old relative humidity of 60% - 70%. 1 week old after 50% - 60%. In the brooding process to ensure the stability of the brooding temperature under the premise of attention to ventilation, increase the fresh air in the shed, the density of young bamboo chicken 1-10 days of age, 80 / square meter, 10 days of age to 4 weeks of age, 50 / square meter, 4 weeks of age to 13 weeks of age, 25 / square meter. Light intensity: 20 hours out of the shell to 1 week old, the implementation of full-day light, the intensity of 4 watts / square meter, commercial bamboo chicken brooding, light 20 hours / day, 2 watts / square meter. Chicks in the shed should be prevented from cats, rats and other hazards. To drink water 24 hours after chicks, first use 1:3000 potassium permanganate solution to let them drink freely, and the next day start drinking 0.5% glucose water for 5 days, and then use enrofloxacin (according to the instructions of the water) to drink water for 5 days. Shell 24 hours to open food, first feed some broken rice mixed with boiled egg yolks, sesame seeds, etc., can be spread on the thick cardboard feed to let it find food, feeding amount of the first week of the daily average of 8 grams / only, and then gradually increase. From the second week of age to full-price feed in the breeding period. A formula: camphor seed 40%, corn grain 30%, rice 30%, plus feeding greens, bone meal, live food can be fed snails, ants and so on.