Monopterus albus is also called eel, long fish and so on. The growth rate is fast, generally, it can increase by 10 cm in one month, and the body length can reach 300 grams in nine months, which is up to the standard of commercial fish. Monopterus albus is especially suitable for artificial farming in rural areas and is a good way for farmers to get rich.

The eel is a temperature-changing animal, so long as the water temperature is10-32℃, it can be stocked all year round. The stocked eels are required to be healthy, active in swimming, free from disease and disability, and can be of all sizes. Because the eels bully the small, bully the weak and bite each other in the absence of food, the specifications of eels raised in the same pond should be basically the same. Generally, individuals weighing more than100-350g can be put into the pool to be sold at any time; A person weighing more than 50 grams can be put into a cultivation pool, which can grow to the commodity specifications in that year; Those below 50 grams can be put into the seedling pond, which can grow to more than 50 grams in that year, which can provide large-scale eel species for eel cultivation in the coming year. Stocking density should be flexibly controlled according to stocking specifications and feeding conditions, generally, stocking1-5 kg per square meter of water surface.

1. Environment to be paid attention to in eel culture

You should choose a place with abundant water sources and sunrise all the year round. In terms of water quality, it is the key technology to cultivate Monopterus albus. It is necessary to change the water frequently to maintain good water quality, once every 3-5 days in spring and autumn and once every 2 days in summer1-0, and the water depth should not be low 10 cm, and the injected water temperature should not exceed 5℃ to avoid death due to sudden temperature drop.

2. Build eel ponds

To build eel ponds, it is necessary to choose a place with slightly higher terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage, mainly small, with an area of 5-20 square meters, or 30-60 square meters and a depth of 80- 100 cm. The shape of the ponds should be east-west, and in order to prevent escape, another pond edge can be made, with its periphery 30-50 cm higher than the ground. It is not necessary to build ponds in places with hard soil. 30-60 cm of moderately hard soil is exposed on the bottom cushion of the pond, which is convenient for Monopterus albus to burrow and lurk. A water inlet is dug near the water source, and a water outlet is left at the lower end of the opposite side parallel to the water bottom. All the water outlets should be provided with fishnet cloth to prevent the eels from escaping. Aquatic plants such as Zizania latifolia, Alternanthera philoxeroides and wormwood can be appropriately planted on the surface of the pond13 for eel shelter.

Because eels can breathe oxygen directly in the air, they often need to stick their heads out of the water. Therefore, the water level in the fresh fish pond should be shallow. The water level should be determined according to the specifications of the eel, and the water level in the fry pond should be shallow, generally/10 —20-20 cm. The cultivation pool can be deeper, generally 30-40 cm. The water level in the pool for sale can be shallower. Eels have higher oxygen consumption and like fresh water quality. Therefore, fresh water should be injected frequently. Generally, the water should be changed 1-2 times a month in winter, 1 times a week in spring and autumn, and1times every1-3 days in summer, and the amount of water changed each time is 20-50%. Where conditions permit, micro-flow water can be formed in the eel pond. In the hot season, the number of water changes should be increased, or loofah and grapes should be planted on the pool to prevent sun exposure and cooling and heatstroke prevention. A small amount of omnivorous fish, such as tilapia, carp, crucian carp and loach, can be mixed in a large and deep eel pond, which can remove residual bait feces and purify water quality.

Before preparing the eel to enter the pond, a small amount of fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied to breed chironomid larvae, silkworms, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals, or snails or loaches can be put in the pond for breeding, so as to provide fresh bait for fresh fish. Where conditions permit, black lights can be set up in the pool to lure insects into the pool.

2. Technical measures for artificial culture of Monopterus albus

1. stocking eel species and selection and release of eel.

Monopterus albus with strong physique, smooth body surface, strong activity and uniform size should be selected. Generally, the weight of each tail is 20 grams. If 30-50 grams of large-sized eels are put into each tail, the survival rate is high, the weight gain is fast, and the yield is high. The fry are wild young eels caught in cages, or they can be purchased from the market, but the injured eels with broken skins and broken tails should be removed, and they can also be artificially propagated. It is better to stock it in early spring. It should be released in a week. The stocking amount is generally 0/.5-3 kg per square meter/kloc-0, and 5-6 kg can be put in good conditions. In a word, the density will be small if the stocking specification is large, otherwise, it will be increased accordingly, and the fish should be disinfected before stocking, and the temperature difference between water and water should not be too large.

2. Feeding and management

Monopterus albus is mainly meat, and can be artificially fed with earthworm, small fish and shrimp, snail and mussel meat, etc., and can also be fed with some plant feed with high protein content such as rice bran and bean cake, and the spoiled feed cannot be fed. Feeding bait can be fed after a short-term adaptation of 1-2 days, and feeding should be carried out in the evening. You can also gradually advance the feeding time and domesticate it to eat during the day. Feed 1 time at 8 am and 4-5 pm respectively. The daily feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the total weight of the eel, and the feeding amount accounts for 6-7% of the total weight in June-August; The amount of bait should be increased or decreased according to the water temperature, bait quality and water quality. The feeding amount will increase with the growth of the eel. When the growth temperature is suitable, it should be fed frequently, and stop feeding below 15℃ and 10℃. It is required to put the feed on the eating table, so as to grasp the food intake and remove the residual bait.

Eels mainly feed on animal food, and like to eat fresh food, such as various insects and their larvae, earthworms, small fish and shrimp, silkworm chrysalis, maggots, snails, mussels, macrozooplankton, internal organs of livestock and poultry and tadpoles. The bait should be fresh and not rancid, and some plant bait, such as bean cake, bran or corn flour, can be fed in places where animal bait is insufficient, and the above plant bait can be mixed with minced fish and shrimp meat to form a wet mass (which can not be dispersed in water for a long time) and then fed. Larger bait should be chopped or hung in the pool for tearing. Hard-shell bait such as snails, mussels and clams must be smashed before being released. Bait should be fed at fixed points, with 2-8 feeding points in each fish pond. The suitable water temperature for eel feeding is15-30℃, and it has the habit of hunting for bait in the daytime and at night. For example, in winter, if the fish pond is covered with plastic film greenhouse or other measures are taken to increase the temperature and maintain the proper water temperature, the eel can eat and grow all year round, thus greatly shortening the growth period, reducing the cost and improving the yield and benefit. Remove the residual bait before feeding, so as not to affect the water quality.

Step 3 prevent escape

Thunderstorm and sultry weather, low air pressure, lack of oxygen in the water body, it can be seen that Monopterus albus is out of the hole, upright in front of the body, and sticking its head out of the water. At this time, attention should be paid to injecting fresh water. In rainy days, we should also pay attention to whether the overflow port is clear and whether the fish net is firm to prevent the eel from fleeing. There should be no straw rope or wooden stick extending outside the pool, so the eel is the easiest to escape with the water in rainy days. The eel pond is small and shallow, so when pouring fresh water, it is necessary to prevent the fish from escaping. The water surface of the fish pond should be controlled below 20 cm along the edge of the pond, and the firmness of the fish-blocking net cloth and the wall of the pond should be checked at any time. Especially in the case of food shortage, thunderstorm, long rainy weather or deterioration of water quality, eels are most likely to escape, so more attention should be paid to escape prevention at this time. In addition, we should guard against ducks, rats, cats and other enemies from harming the eel.

Step 4 screen fish

The competition among species of eel is very strong. After a period of feeding, the fish with the same specifications will be uneven, which is not conducive to the improvement of yield in the long run. Therefore, during the growth of eels, all eels in the pond should be caught every 1 month or so, and after screening, large, medium and small-sized eels should be raised in different ponds. Before the end of the post-autumn growth period, all the fish should also be caught, and the fish that have reached the commercial specifications should be put into the pool to be sold. The other fish with different specifications should be stocked in different pools according to the production needs in the coming year. In this way, after a winter adaptation, eel species can enter the prosperous stage earlier next year.

3. Summer management of Monopterus albus culture

1. Feeding palatable bait

Monopterus albus is a carnivorous omnivorous fish. I especially like fresh feed, or mixed feed with high protein content, such as larvae of various insects, small fish and shrimp, snails, mussels, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, fly maggots, leftovers of livestock, etc. These are ideal feeds for Monopterus albus.

Monopterus albus likes to be active in the daytime and at night, so it is better to feed at 4-6 pm. Monopterus albus is gluttonous and hungry, and its satiety is not easy to be detected. Therefore, attention should be paid to regular and quantitative feeding. Generally, 400-500 grams of feed should be fed per square meter of eel pond every day, accounting for about 5-8% of the body weight of Monopterus albus. There should be a fixed feeding place and more feeding tables to prevent food grabbing or uneven hunger.

2. Always add fresh water.

The depth of the eel pond should be appropriate, generally15-20cm, and the water should be changed frequently and every day or every other day to ensure the fresh water quality. The weather is sultry. On the eve of thunderstorm, there will be oxygen deficiency in the water. On the eve of this weather, fresh water should be added in time. Pay attention to smooth drainage in rainy days, and avoid rainwater flooding the pool to prevent flight.

3. Create a suitable environment

The suitable raw temperature of Monopterus albus is 15-30℃. Too high or too low will affect the feeding and growth of Monopterus albus, so we should pay attention to creating an adaptive environment for Monopterus albus in summer and autumn. Water hyacinth, duckweed, arrowhead, water chestnut and other aquatic plants can be stocked in13 of the culture pond, and some pumpkins, lentils and the like can be planted beside the pond, and a frame can be set up on the pond for shading, so as to facilitate the growth of Monopterus albus.

4. Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of eel disease

Before stocking the eel species, soak them in 4% salt solution or 10ppm bleaching powder for 20 minutes 10-20 minutes. Exotic eels must be disinfected by soaking in 1 ppm bleaching powder solution or 3% salt solution10-20 minutes before going into the pond. Can effectively prevent eel disease. Monopterus albus will suffer from water mold after injury, so it is necessary to operate carefully in the breeding process to avoid injury to Monopterus albus. When Monopterus albus suffers from this disease, it can be sprinkled with four ten thousandths of baking soda and salt mixture in the whole pool, or it can be soaked in 3-5% salt solution for 5-8 minutes. During the feeding period, the whole pool is sprinkled with bleaching powder at a concentration of one million per month.

5. Overwintering of Monopterus albus

Generally, after 1 1 month, when the water temperature drops below 15℃, the eels begin to burrow into the depth of the soil layer and go into hibernation until February-March next year. Where there is a heat source, keep the pool water at 25-30℃ all year round, and the eel can avoid hibernation and grow all year round.

(1) overwintering in dry pond: drain the pond water in winter, keep the soil moist, and cover the upper layer with18cm straw to prevent the soil layer from freezing. Pay attention to rats and cats entering the pond to damage the eel.

(2) Overwintering with water: in winter, deepen the water level to improve the water quality, raise the water temperature, and break the ice on the water surface in time, so as to avoid the death of Monopterus albus due to anoxia and suffocation.

4. Monopterus albus diseases and control techniques

During the growing period, especially in the season when eel seedlings have just been released and eel breeding season, ducks must not be allowed to prey in the pond. In order to prevent cats, rats, birds and other animals from preying on Monopterus albus, it is best to cover the pool with old nets or take other protective measures.

In summer, sometimes because the temperature is too high, Monopterus albus will suffer from heatstroke and coma. At this time, we should change cool water, or shade to cool down, and then feed fresh minced meat.

In the early stage of feeding, if the epidermis of eel species is injured, it is easy to cause water mold. The sick eel had white hair, lost appetite, and finally died of illness. The prevention and control method is to select healthy young eels, and disinfect the eel pond with lime before stocking. If eels with water mold are found, they should wipe the affected part with 5% iodine or soak the fish with 3-4% salt solution for 5 minutes in time, and good curative effect can be obtained.

Plum Blossom Spot of Monopterus albus is a yellow round spot with large soybean grain on the back of Monopterus albus.

The control method is to keep some toads in the eel pond, because the toad venom on them has preventive and therapeutic effects. If you have the disease, you can peel off the toad's head, tie it with a rope and drag it in the pool for several times, 1-2 days to get rid of the disease.

Monopterus albus trichomoniasis is a disease caused by the invasion of trichonematodes into the intestine of Monopterus albus, and a large number of trichonematodes parasitize and cause the death of Monopterus albus. The control method is to clean the pond with quicklime before stocking eel seedlings, which can kill the eggs and prevent the disease. After the sick eel is found, 5 grams of trichlorfon crystal (90%) can be used for every 50 kilograms of eel, and 3 kilograms of bean cake powder can be mixed to make medicinal bait for feeding treatment.

5. Prevention and treatment of several common diseases of Monopterus albus

Disease prevention and control should be done well in the process of breeding Monopterus albus. The common diseases and prevention and control methods are introduced as follows:

1.

Ill eels are unable to move, and stick their heads out of the water all day. There are many round erythema of different sizes on their body surface, mostly on both sides of their abdomen. Some of them will have purple spots the size of broad beans on their abdomen, and the serious epidermis will rot into funnel-shaped holes. If the rotten skin is peeled off, rotted skin and internal organs can often be seen.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) Changing the pool water frequently to maintain good water quality is one of the important preventive measures.

(2) Spraying bleaching powder 1ppm in the whole pool for 3 days at the same time of adding new water has good curative effect.

(3) Every cubic meter of water is fed with erythromycin 25,000 units of thiazole mixed bait once a day for 3-6 days.

2. Dermatomycosis

This disease is caused by the fact that Monopterus albus bite each other due to excessive stocking density or insufficient bait, and the wound is infected with mold. The wound grows cotton wool-like "white hair", and the sick Monopterus albus loses appetite and finally loses weight and dies.

Prevention and control measures:

(1) Soak and wash the eel seeds with 5% salt water, and then release them.

(2) The diseased ones can be sprinkled with 0.04% salt and 0.04% baking soda mixture.

3. Rot tail disease

This disease is easy to occur in high-density cultured eel ponds or during transportation. The tail of the sick eel is inflamed and congested, and then the muscles rot and necrosis, so that the tail stalk or tail muscles rot, the tail vertebrae are exposed, and the head of the sick eel sticks out of the water, which makes it slow to reflect and unable to move.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) Pay attention to the environmental sanitation of the water surface of the eel pond, which can reduce the occurrence and harm of this disease.

(2) Sprinkle with 0.2ppm furazolidone in the whole pool.

(3) Using 0.25 unit chlortetracycline solution per milliliter to soak and disinfect fish, and the effect is very good.

4. Capillary nematodiasis

This disease is caused by capillary nematodes invading the intestine of Monopterus albus, which causes Monopterus albus to lose weight and then die.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) The disease can be prevented by disinfecting the eel pond with quicklime before stocking.

(2) Every 50kg of Monopterus albus is mixed with 5-7.5g of 9% crystal trichlorfon and fed into mussel meat for 6 days.

(3) use a mixture of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Rhizoma Osmundae, Fructus Vitis negundo, Caulis Perillae, and Cortex Meliae, according to the total dosage of 290g per 50kg of Monopterus albus (the ratio is 16:5:3:5 in sequence), add water which is 3 times of the total dosage, decoct to12 of the original amount, and pour out the medicine juice.

5. Echinococcosis

It is caused by echinococcosis parasitizing the intestine, which is inflamed and congested, blocking the intestine, and even causing intestinal perforation in severe cases, resulting in the death of Monopterus albus.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) Disinfection with quicklime before stocking in eel ponds can prevent this disease. (2) 40-50g of 90% crystal trichlorfon is mixed in the feed for every 50kg of Monopterus albus, and the mixture is fed continuously for 6 days.