How many treasures were robbed by intruders from the Royal Treasure House, Yuanmingyuan?

The destruction of the Old Summer Palace caused immeasurable losses to China.

In 1709, Emperor Kangxi gave his fourth son Yinzhen a garden one mile north of Changchun Garden in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, and personally named the garden "Old Summer Palace".

The Three Yuanming Gardens cover an area of ??more than 5,200 acres and have more than 150 scenes.

Among them, the most famous are the Zhengda Guangming Hall where the emperor listened to government affairs, the Anyou Palace where ancestors were worshiped, the high mountain and long water tower where banquets were held, the Pengdao Yaotai that simulated the "Fairy Mountain Pavilion Picture", and the spring scenery of Wuling in the realm of "Peach Blossom Spring".

Some famous gardens and scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, such as the Lion Forest in Suzhou and the Ten Scenes of the West Lake in Hangzhou, have also been imitated in the gardens.

There is also a group of European-style buildings in Changchun Garden, commonly known as Western-style buildings.

Burning the Old Summer Palace refers to the burning of the Old Summer Palace in a narrow sense. In a broad sense, the scope of burning is not only the Old Summer Palace, but also the three royal mountains and five gardens in western Beijing, namely Wanshou Mountain, Yuquan Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain, Qingyi Garden, Old Summer Palace, Changchun Garden, and Jingshan Garden.

The scope and extent of the burning of the five gardens of Mingyuan and Jingyi Garden was much larger than that of the Old Summer Palace.

Speaking of the losses caused to China by the destruction of the Old Summer Palace, there are many.

First of all, the burning of the Old Summer Palace itself was the biggest loss.

There are more than 100 gardens within gardens and scenic building groups in the Three Gardens of Yuanming Dynasty, which are commonly referred to as 100 sceneries.

It integrates various garden buildings such as halls, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, corridors and verandas, and has an area of ??10,000 square meters larger than the entire construction area of ??the Forbidden City.

In this regard, the French missionary Wang Zhicheng once gave a vivid description. He said: The architecture of the Old Summer Palace has many changes in form, and is uneven and unconventional.

Each of its small palaces seems to be made according to strange models, as if arranged at random, and no one is the same as the others.

Secondly, a rough estimate of the number of looted cultural relics in the Old Summer Palace is about 1.5 million, ranging from bronze ritual vessels from the pre-Qin era to calligraphy and paintings by celebrities and various rare treasures from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

Historical data from the Qing Dynasty show that there were only 441 European clocks and watches of various sizes on display and in stock in the Old Summer Palace at that time, and only one large clock survived after the disaster.

Afterwards, a total of 1,197 items were confiscated, which were some of the lost items that were stolen by bandits and "abandoned the road" by the invading army. This is only one-thousandth of the items in the park at best.

In fact, a large part of the objects stolen and destroyed by the British and French invading troops were priceless treasures.