The materials of wall painting

are mainly acrylic pigments and lacquer paints, and other materials such as gold powder, silver powder or glass will be used when special effects are needed. Depending on the specific situation, various materials have their own advantages.

propylene pigment

propylene pigment is a synthetic polymeric pigment, which was invented in 195s and made of pigment powder and acrylic latex. Acrylic latex is also called acrylic resin polymerized latex. There are many kinds of propylene resins, such as methacrylic resins, so there are many kinds of propylene pigments. Foreign pigment manufacturers have produced a series of propylene products, such as matt propylene pigment, semi-matt propylene pigment and glossy propylene pigment, as well as propylene matt oil, varnish, plastic ointment and so on.

acrylic pigments are very popular with painters. Compared with oil painting pigment, it has the following characteristics:

(1) It can be released by water, which is beneficial to cleaning.

(2) quick drying. Pigment can be dried in a few minutes after putting pen to paper, and it is not necessary to wait for months to polish it like oil paintings. Painters who like slow-drying characteristic pigments can use retarders to delay the drying time of pigments.

(3) When the colored layer dries, it will quickly lose its solubility and form a tough, elastic and water-tight film. This kind of film is similar to rubber.

(4) The color is full, dense and fresh, and no matter how it is blended, it will not feel "dirty" or "gray". The colored layer will never absorb oil and get dirty.

(5) The durability of the work is long. The oil film in oil painting is easy to oxidize, turn yellow and harden for a long time, which is easy to crack the picture. In theory, the acrylic film will never be brittle and will never turn yellow.

(6) The biggest difference between acrylic pigment and oil painting is that it has the operational characteristics of common water-based pigments, which can be used as both watercolor and gouache.

(7) There are granules in the acrylic plastic ointment, and there are coarse granules and fine granules, which provides convenience for making texture.

(8) The acrylic pigment is nontoxic and will not cause harm to human body.

It should be noted that acrylic painting should be painted on the base made of acrylic primer (GESSO), instead of painting with oily base. Material experts also don't advocate the mixed use of propylene and oil painting colors, especially don't paint oil paintings on propylene base, which is mainly for the permanent preservation of works. There is no adverse reaction between propylene and oil painting pigments, and its adhesion remains to be tested by time when used alternately.

paint pigments

properties and applications of natural raw lacquer

1. properties of natural raw lacquer

(1) the paint film has excellent physical and mechanical properties. If the paint film is hard, the hardness of the paint film reaches .65-.89 paint film value/glass value). However, the hardness of general synthetic paint film is only .2-.4. The paint film has high wear resistance, which is superior to any synthetic resin and other coatings. The paint film is bright and durable. The paint film has good sealing performance and very few pinholes. Good viscosity, strong adhesion to wood.

(2) The paint film has high heat resistance and good durability.

(3) The paint film is insoluble in any animal and vegetable oil and mineral oil, and resistant to various solvents.

(4) The paint film has good electrical insulation performance and certain radiation protection performance.

2. Application of natural raw lacquer

Because natural raw lacquer has the properties of anti-corrosion, anti-permeability, moisture-proof, mildew-proof, acid-proof, and the paint film has the characteristics of strong hardness, wear resistance and beautiful and durable luster, raw lacquer is widely used in national defense, chemical industry, petroleum industry, metallurgical mining industry, textile printing and dyeing industry, pharmaceutical industry and the protection of ancient buildings and cultural relics, but only a few lacquers are used in lacquer art.

Raw lacquer generally contains 2%-4% moisture and impurities, and it must be processed and refined before it can be used. Refined paints include raw lacquer, black push-gloss paint, red push-gloss paint and transparent paint, etc. Raw lacquer can also be used as raw lacquer and raw lacquer for wiping. The so-called "push-gloss paint" only does not add oil, and has hardness and push-gloss resistance.

Pigments

Natural raw lacquer is very picky about the requirements of pigment mixing, because natural raw lacquer contains urushiic acid, and all kinds of basic pigments are metal compounds. Pigments containing metals such as zinc, barium, lead, copper, iron, calcium, sodium and potassium can't be used as soon as they are mixed with natural raw lacquer, which will chemically react with urushiic acid and darken or even blacken. Only precious metals such as gold, silver, Qin, mercury, etc., which do not react chemically with lacquer acid, can be used in lacquer. Organic pigments extracted from coking oil in modern times are nonmetallic, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, so they are suitable for painting. In ancient times, mineral basic metal compound pigments were often used, such as vermilion, ochre, stone yellow, azurite, stone green, lead powder, soot and so on. In fact, except for vermilion, stone yellow and soot, most of them are not suitable for painting, so the color of ancient paint is dark. The origin of "green paint" is that the color of stone green is gloomy after it is painted. Paint pigments basically include vermilion, Lisole red (western red), cadmium yellow, titanium dioxide, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green and so on. Due to the appearance of titanium dioxide, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green and other pigments, the paint color can be blended into a variety of colors, and with the use of clay silver and clay gold, the paint art color is more abundant.

all the above pigments are dry toner, and can be used only after being mixed with paint to form paint color. The modulation method is: put the pigment on the paint mixing board, add a little wide oil, grind it in batches with a stone pestle, turn it over and clean it from time to time, and be sure to grind it fine, which is closely related to the vividness of the color. After grinding, add transparent paint or red push-finish paint. Generally speaking, the amount of paint should not be less than 5%, too little paint, the color paint is not strong enough, and too much paint will affect the clarity of color. After the pigment and paint are mixed, the painted paint is generally darker after drying. However, after a certain period of time (months or even longer), it will return to the color at the time of modulation, which can be called restoration, but if the paint content is too large, the color will not be completely restored.

metal material

gold is gold. Gold can be regarded as a yellow pigment, including gold foil, gold foil powder, gold mud and Jin Jiu powder.

Silver is silver and can be regarded as a white pigment. There are also silver foil, silver foil powder, silver mud, silver pill powder and so on.

the function of aluminum is similar to that of silver, and it can also be regarded as a white pigment, and it can also be divided into aluminum foil, aluminum foil powder and aluminum mud.

there are many mosaic materials available in lacquer art. As long as it has a certain hardness, abrasion resistance and durability, it is desirable.

There are many kinds of shells, such as luminous snail, abalone shell (abalone shell) and pearl shell.

in lacquer art, it is commonly called mother-of-pearl. The white mussel shell called "Liangerzi" in lakes in southern China has beautiful colors on the skirt and can also be used. The processing method is to remove the shell skin first, and then grind it into pieces on a grinding wheel. The thickness depends on the need. Korean lacquer art is famous for its mother-of-pearl. The processing technology is advanced. First, the shell is separated and dissected into thin slices by machine, and the thin slices can be cut into thin strips with different widths, which is not only convenient to use, but also makes full use of the shell. The mother-of-pearl can also be processed into particles, such as sand, which can be sprinkled on the picture.

eggshells are usually egg shells, duck egg shells and quail egg shells. Egg shells are

red and white, and duck egg shells are green. Duck egg shell is slightly transparent, and the primer bonded to the egg shell can set off the surface, so it is darker than the egg shell. Quail egg shell is thinner than chicken and duck egg shell, which is suitable for small and precise parts with dry mosaic area. Eggshells can also be crushed into particles and sprinkled on the picture.

metallic gold and silver are processed into thin sheets, which can be embedded in the paint surface.

besides gold and silver, there are tin, copper, lead and aluminum.

in addition to inlays, it is acceptable to embed lines.

horn bone, ox bone and camel bone can all be used for inlay. The processing method of animal bones is:

first, break them into two pieces, add lime and caustic soda and cook them in a pot to remove their oil, and then process them into thin slices, which can be used. Tortoise shell and tortoise shell can also be used.

wood, boxwood, rosewood, Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, pyrophyllite, coral, green pine

stone, etc., can be used for inlay as long as they are appropriate.

abrasive materials include water sandpaper, grindstone, artificial grindstone, charcoal, etc.

there are many types of water sandpaper. There are 28 #, 32 #, 36 #, 4

#, 6 # made in China, and the bigger the number, the thinner it is. Sailboat brand (made in Tianjin) and Diamond brand (made in Shanghai) are more durable. Japan and South Korea have more models, thinner and more durable water sandpaper. There are 8 #, 1 #, 12 #, 2 # and so on, and now they are all imported.

millstones, green marble and red marble, are natural millstones. They are hard and fine, and have no sand. They are made by chiseling rocks.

there are various shapes and models of artificial grindstones, including 4 #, 6 #, 8 #, etc.

they can also be used for sharpening knives, also known as whetstones, and are available in hardware and chemical stores.

Charcoal such as carbonized pine, phoenix tree, beech and Toona sinensis is more suitable, and its fineness is equivalent to 12 # water sandpaper. Charcoal used in Japanese lacquer art is very particular, and there are many kinds because of its thickness. Some are used for primary grinding, some for fine grinding, and some can be made into needles like pens to grind detailed patterns.

polishing and cleaning materials

ash is fine tile ash, which is used for polishing. Titanium dioxide can also be used.

vegetable oils such as peanut oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil. Push light.

when a woman curls her hair, dip it in water and mix it with tile ash to wipe off the grinding marks on the paint. When it is dry, it is a fine grinding.

absorbent cotton is used for wiping, dipped in raw lacquer and rubbed on the paint surface. Absorbent cotton is also used to filter paint.

Diluent and detergent

camphor oil camphor oil is extracted from camphor tree, which has slow volatility and can smooth brush marks when painted, so it is the most reasonable diluent. However, excessive dosage will affect the dryness of paint.

turpentine is extracted from pine trees. Volatilization is faster than camphor oil, and it is also suitable as diluent. Oil painting is also used.

Alcohol, also known as ethanol, volatilizes quickly, so it is not suitable as a diluent, but as a detergent to wipe hands.

Gasoline volatilizes quickly, so it is suitable as a detergent, and sometimes it is also used as a diluent (such as painting patterns).

Kerosene volatilizes slowly, and can also be used as a detergent. Sometimes, it is used to dry the paint slowly and for decorative patterns.

Vegetable oil can be used as detergent to clean paint brushes and paintbrushes. You can also clean the paint that sticks to your hands.

tung oil is a kind of dry oil, and its oil film dries quickly, and it is resistant to water, alkali and atmospheric corrosion. Tung oil has been widely used in furniture, architecture, tarpaulin, umbrella and lacquer art since ancient times.

tung oil is clear and transparent, light yellow or with green phase, followed by dark yellow with brown. Generally speaking, new oil is better than old oil. Raw tung oil film lacks toughness and poor luster, so raw tung oil must be processed into mature tung oil before it can be used. Tung oil for lacquer art can be divided into broad oil and bright oil, the former is thin and the latter is thick.

auxiliary material

silk cotton is used to apply gold and silver powder when gold is pasted or dizzy.

leather paper is used to filter a small amount of paint.

Silk cloth, fine gauze and chemical fiber cloth can be used for filtering paint.

the paint powder is mixed with paint to make various colored paints, coated on the glass plate for 2 to 3 times, scraped off after drying, mashed and sieved, and the paint powder is obtained. It is easy to fall off and more convenient to paint with cashew nut paint on plastic cloth. For painting.

charcoal powder: the charcoal is ground and sieved for stacking paint.

sulfuric acid paper has good sealing performance, and is used for covering and coating paint.

carbon paper is made by dipping cotton in white powder and rubbing it on Korean paper. You can also buy ready-made red carbon paper or blue carbon paper. Copy the design draft.

soap is used as a release agent when it is born.

In the gourd lacquer painting process, a variety of techniques such as painting, drawing, hooking, engraving, filling, carving, engraving, grinding, inlaying and embedding are used, which has a flat, bright, fine, even, gorgeous and elegant artistic expression effect. There are ten kinds of crafts, such as carving lacquer and embedding jade, flat grinding mother-of-pearl, point snail, pure carving lacquer, bone and stone inlay, lacquer carving, carving and filling, painting, grinding lacquer painting and flat embedding of painted lacquer.

The main techniques of gourd lacquer painting are as follows:

Thin material: Bo Tu is painted on the flat lacquer floor with gold glue. When the lacquer is about to dry, it is pasted with gold foil or silver foil, which is bright and elegant, showing the effects of sky and river water in lacquer painting.

Oil painting pigment

A special painting pigment for oil painting, which is made by adding oil and glue to stir and grind. Most of the market sales are tube-packed, and they can also be made by themselves.

According to the raw materials and chemical properties of pigments, they can be divided into three categories:

(1) Mineral pigments: extremely stable, strong light resistance, difficult to fade and change color, strong coverage, poor transparency, low purity and close to neutrality. Such as ochre, raw brown, khaki, khaki, etc.

(2) Organic pigments: bright and bright, with good dyeing power, transparency and color rendering. However, the light resistance is poor and it is easy to fade after long-term sun exposure. Such as red, rose, lemon yellow, phthalocyanine pigments, etc.

(3) Inorganic pigments: stable in color, good in light resistance, and will become dark after long-term sun exposure. Such as titanium dioxide, zinc white, ultramarine, sky blue, blue, cadmium, cobalt and so on.

The basic components of oil painting pigments are pigments and binders. The pigment powder used by ancient masters mostly comes from soil and minerals. The other part comes from plants or animals. The binder is made of resin, drying oil, grease, balsam and wax, but linseed oil is usually used directly.

Common tools for grinding oil painting pigments: a thick glass or marble plate, a grinding mallet (grinding rod), a palette knife and a glass bottle or an empty tin tube for storing pigments

The specific method is: pour the pigment powder on the glass plate, if it is a pigment block, first crush it into powder, then slowly add linseed oil, and grind it in a circle at the same time, and mix it with the palette knife until the unique consistency of oil painting pigments is obtained. Must be carefully ground to eliminate particles, so that pigment powder and linseed oil can be fully and perfectly combined.

it should be noted that different pigment powders need different amounts of oil, so it is enough to grind the pigment powders into paste. Pay attention to a principle when mixing colors: put as much toner as possible and less oil. Generally, raw linseed oil is used to color powder. Dry slowly, easy to be useful for a long time. If painting needs quick drying, you can add 1% Dama oil in 1: 2 to the pigment powder. In color modulation, it should be noted that only white color (especially zinc white) cannot be mixed with pure oil, and all other pigment powders can be modulated with raw linseed oil. White powder will soon change color after mixing with pure oil, and it is best to use emulsion to prepare it. Cellulose and casein emulsion binder can be selected. This kind of emulsion dries quickly, so the prepared color must be sealed and taken as much as possible. For coarse, granular pigments, they can be ground fine while adjusting oil. For the oil painting color in the lead tube, oil absorption treatment can be carried out before painting (such as squeezing on the newspaper to make the paper absorb the oil in the pigment), and the Medium oily medium can be adjusted when using. For photochromic pigments with strong chromaticity, the additives should be mixed properly. Generally, materials such as talcum powder and Gao Cen soil can be used. For the opaque color with strong coverage, appropriate amount of talcum powder and Gao Cen soil can also be added. This kind of material can only increase the volume without changing the pigment, and can weaken the intensity of light colors or turn opaque colors into transparent colors. For the pigment powder floating after meeting water or oil, a little bovine bile or alcohol can be added to make the pigment powder have adhesion. Permeable pigment should not be ground too fine, otherwise it will be discolored. When grinding toxic pigments such as lead, prevent powder from entering the nose. The pigment developed from linseed oil can only be coated with the cover layer when the bottom pigment is completely dry, so it is absolutely impossible to paint with extremely thick coating, which is most suitable for one-time painting and monochrome painting. In order to change the shortcomings of this pure oily pigment, it is necessary to add 1% resin varnish and 2% wax dissolved in turpentine to linseed oil. Wax is added to increase the viscosity of the pigment (if poppy oil is used, wax is not needed). At the same time, it can not only reduce the yellowing of linseed oil, but also prevent the separation of heavy pigment from oil. Some grinded pigments may harden after being stored for a few days, and further grinding is needed.