2. Strengthen speech training.

Don't think before you speak, don't give yourself psychological hints, slow down your speech appropriately and let your expression be natural.

People have a better understanding of the causes and symptoms of stuttering. However, people do not have a unified understanding of the correction methods of stuttering, because so far, people have not found an effective method to correct stuttering. Although the correction of stuttering is still in the exploratory stage, many effective correction methods have been born, the most influential of which are pronunciation, breathing, Morita therapy, breakthrough method and drug therapy. Pronunciation: it means to pronounce words gently at the beginning of each sentence to change the characteristics that the first word of stutterers is often urgent and heavy. The speed of speaking should be reduced to a very slow level, starting from 60- 100 words a minute, while people generally speak at a speed of 200 words a minute. This has two functions, one is to make people feel calm and the other is to have a sense of rhythm. These two points can effectively reduce stuttering. The stutterer will not stutter when reciting and singing, because there is a steady sense of rhythm in it. (Induced Pronunciation Method): Mr. Zhang Jinghui, a famous Shanghai stuttering correction expert in the 20th century and the "father of stuttering correction in China", proposed for the first time that the key to all stuttering pronunciations lies in the first word. Breathe softly when you pronounce the first word, and lengthen the end slightly. As long as you can pronounce the first word well, the following sentences can be pronounced rhythmically and coherently! Breathing method: advocate abdominal breathing method. Because deep breathing can make muscles get proper movement and coordination, relax and relieve the tension of muscles in various parts of the body and face, and gradually eliminate the accompanying movement. Deep breathing can affect people's mood, and can relieve or even calm the excited mood. Breakthrough method: stutterers organize together or go to crowded places alone to speak and sing, and gradually overcome the fear of speaking. It is also very important to speak boldly. Many celebrities, such as Japanese Prime Minister tanaka kakuei, overcame stuttering by speaking boldly. Interested netizens can look at the success story of a stutterer who became a journalist, Mo 8 1, which is known as China's version of The King's Speech. You can watch TV reporters interview: Youku.com: In order to be a reporter, people who stutter have made more than 300 speeches on the bus. Morita therapy: The core idea of Morita therapy is "let nature take its course and do whatever it takes". Give up treating stuttering, accept stuttering and do what you should do. This kind of thinking is similar to healing without treatment. This method can effectively relieve the psychological pressure of stuttering patients. Medication: Take a certain amount of sedatives every day or before speaking to relieve tension, which can achieve a certain degree of predictive fluency. Now this method is more popular in western countries. There are some influential drugs such as Xanax, Celexa, prozac, Paxil and zyprexa. Note: medication must be used under the supervision of a doctor. Long-term use may cause harm to the body. Silent therapy: Expressed in English is silent therapy. When you are nervous or have the expectation of stuttering, say less or not. Stuttering is a conditioned reflex. Stuttering for years will strengthen your conditioned reflex. But in a tense environment, if you talk less or say nothing, the probability of stuttering will be reduced, and the conditioned reflex of stuttering will gradually fade away and eventually disappear. It should be emphasized that using this method does not require you to stop talking and talk less. On the contrary, you need to communicate with people often and listen more, and only talk less when you are occasionally nervous or expect to stutter. There are many ways to correct stuttering. In addition to the treatment that is harmful to the body, stutterers can dare to try. Many stutterers have gained a new life in language through the above methods.

Stuttering is not a simple language barrier. It is a complex physiological and psychological dysfunction. Psychologically, we can say that stuttering is largely because stutterers try to avoid stuttering at all costs. In other words, the stutterer played an incredible joke on himself. What happens next is that you want to speak fluently so much that you try to make your words perfect. Your pressure is getting bigger and bigger, and your problems are getting worse and worse. Unfortunately, the mechanism of language is in a delicate balance. The harder you try not to stutter, the more you stumble unintentionally. Stuttering affects your mood, because being a stutterer is very uncomfortable. Maybe they think it is a shame to be a stutterer, even if it is not. Therefore, you are more sensitive to your own language difficulties. Indeed, stuttering or not being able to say what you want to say fluently will make them feel very depressed. Therefore, in some cases, stutterers will feel very embarrassed and humiliated. They have to endure despair, humiliation, inferiority, depression and sometimes self-hatred. People's emotions will make them feel fear and anxiety, which will generally affect their attitude towards others and life. Just as a dog wagging its tail will affect the dog's personality, stuttering will also change the personality of the stutterer, but if you are not so sensitive and know that stuttering may or does happen, you don't need to panic at all, and soon your language will be much smoother. Stuttering fear may be fear of words, syllables, certain people, certain occasions, making phone calls, saying one's name, etc. If you're not afraid. If the pressure were lighter, maybe you wouldn't have such language difficulties. When your fear is strong, the corresponding stress will increase, and you will stutter more frequently and more seriously. Sometimes, your fear is very, very strong, you will be in a frenzy, and your thoughts and actions will almost be paralyzed. This kind of fear and anxiety prevents you from entering the places you like very much, and your personal experience is eclipsed a lot. This will make you feel more humiliated and embarrassed, you will feel more defeated, so you will stutter more. So the degree of your stuttering is directly proportional to the fear in your heart. Tension and Relaxation Because fear makes muscles excessively tense, muscle relaxation is the main goal of treatment. The nervousness caused by fear plays a key role in stimulating patients to stutter, and it is also a direct trigger for patients' language difficulties. If you didn't expect your language to be perfect, you wouldn't stutter like this, or at least it would be much easier for you to stutter. How did the pressure come from? It's hard to answer. It is said that hypnosis helps to relieve stress. If you can reduce or eliminate your stress through some hypnotherapy, it is certainly very good, but unfortunately, there is no indication that hypnosis has a long-term effect. There is another way to help patients relax. Many patients realize that if they drink some alcoholic drinks or are in a state of mild drunkenness, they will relax to some extent. Although this method usually relieves patients' stress, and in most cases, patients stutter less, we can only regret to say that this effect is temporary. So obviously this method is not worth recommending. Unfortunately, we can't recommend any drugs to patients either. Sedatives can't complete our task. be lax

It has been suggested that relaxation exercises can help patients reduce or eliminate tension. If the patient can relax the exercise process to eliminate the tension, and this effect is lasting, it is definitely a magical treatment. Many people are devoted to the research of this subject, and many stutterers have spent thousands of hours on this exercise, hoping that the effect of this exercise is worthy of the time needed for this exercise. But whether the effect can be satisfactory has not been proved. This does not mean that relaxation exercises are frustrating. Because learning to relax is good for people's overall health-even if it doesn't cure stuttering. The basic principle is that the calmer and more relaxed you are, the less you will stutter. This is one of the reasons why we ask you to speak fluently, slowly, calmly and thoughtfully, because it will help you communicate in a more calm and relaxed way. More practical than general relaxation is the relaxation of specific muscles. If you can locate most of the tension, then maybe you should learn to relax these muscles when you speak. In some cases, there are different muscle relaxation exercises that will help you. These exercises only involve certain muscles, including the muscles that control your lips, tongue, mouth, breathing and, to some extent, the vocal cords. When you are in a relaxed state, you can deliberately contract and relax these muscles. If you can relax these muscles when talking, it will certainly help you. We also recommend regular aerobics or such physical training. The idea is that physical exercise is not only beneficial to people's health, but also helps to build the confidence that most stutterers lack. At the same time, because body training can make patients tend to stand up straight. This posture can also help patients develop self-confidence-a feeling that you think you are better than others or as good as others. In this respect, physical exercise will also help you. Divert your attention If there are some ways to divert your attention from fearful thoughts, then you won't think about your stuttering, and maybe there will be no problem when you speak. If you can forget that you are a stutterer, you may not stutter at all, but we don't know how to cultivate you to form such forgetfulness. Anything that can divert your fears or ignore the threat of stuttering will usually give you temporary relief. This is why stutterers are misled by some clever tricks, such as singing, following the metronome, pointing with a wrench, waving their arms, or stamping their feet. These strange ways of speaking and other strange ways will make patients speak fluently in a short time. When you expect to encounter language difficulties, diverting attention can temporarily cover up your fears. Think about it, that's how you use these methods. But it won't permanently reduce your fear or stutter. These seemingly weird methods will work on the patient like novel correction methods-at least after the novelty fades-if the patient is sure of its effect and he is easily influenced by psychological hints. Get the support of others If you can get the help of a qualified speech pathologist trained in the field of stuttering, you are very lucky. However, our self-correction plan is based on the assumption that you have no chance to get help from such experts. Even if you do get their help, it is basically up to you to correct it successfully. This doesn't mean that you should refuse others' help, because you need others to talk to you and you need to keep practicing. If you have a good relationship with your family or good friends and trust each other, you have confidence in him. He/she will provide you with valuable services in many ways. As an observer, such a person can see or hear things you don't know. When you study your stuttering style (which will be discussed later), when you encounter difficulties, such friends may imitate your stuttering style and help you understand your stuttering behavior. He/she may also accompany you to complete some tasks, praise you when you get achievements, and let you know that you have achieved your goal by encouraging you to persist, thus giving you spiritual support.

Chinese and foreign celebrities suffering from stuttering

1. Aesop, an ancient Greek fable writer, is the author of Aesop's Fables. 2. Aristotle, an ancient Greek thinker and teacher of Alexander the Great, wrote Poetics and put forward the idea of subject classification, which is a milestone in the history of human civilization; Demosthenes, the greatest politician, orator, orator and commander-in-chief of the Greek allied forces in ancient Greece, is famous for practicing his speech with stones in his mouth at the seaside. 4. The Roman emperor Claudius wrote "I, Claudius"; 5. isaac newton, the founder of modern science, laid the foundation of mechanical research; 6. robert boyle-physicist and discoverer of Boyle's law; 7. Charles Darwin, naturalist, supporter of evolution theory and author of On the Origin of Species; 8. alan turing, the founder of computer science, first put forward the concept of Turing machine; 9. Napoleon I-a famous strategist, politician and French emperor; 10. Winston Churchill-a famous politician, orator, writer, British Prime Minister, one of the Big Three in World War II, and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate; 1 1. Lenin-proletarian revolutionary, speaker, politician, leader of the October Revolution; 12. George Washington-politician, the first president of the United States; 13. theodore roosevelt-politician, economist and president of the United States; 14. Moses, an ancient Hebrew prophet, led the Israelites to flee Egypt; 15. Molotov, foreign minister of Stalin in the former Soviet Union; 16. lewis carroll-writer, author of Alice in Wonderland; 17. Hollywood movie star Marilyn Monroe, whose masterpiece "The Seven-Year Itch"; 18. Hollywood movie star Bruce Willis, the masterpiece "The new york Robbery"; 19. British comedy star Tam Sebastian Atkinson CBE starred in Mr. Bean; 20. ron harper)-NBA superstar, the main force of the bulls; 2 1. King George VI, England-King of England, reigned from1936 65438+February1to 65438+February 6 0952; 22. Gareth Gates, a handsome British guy, touched fans all over the world with his singing and created a singing miracle in 2 1 century; 23. Han Fei, one of the thinkers and legalists: 24. Modern poet Liu Yazi: 25. Writer and leader of the New Culture Movement Lu Xun: 26. Zhan Tianyou-railway engineer, chief designer of Beijing-Zhangjia Railway; 27. Guan Zhong-politician in the Spring and Autumn Period: 28 Jay Chou-artist in Taiwan Province Province; 29. Guo Moruo-writer; 30. During the Three Kingdoms period, the general of the Wei Dynasty, Deng Ai: 3 1. Guangxu-the emperor of the Qing Dynasty; 32. Zai Feng-Regent of the Qing Dynasty, the biological father of the last emperor Puyi; 33. Xiao Qu-educator; 34. Jack Welch-former chairman and CEO; CEO of General Electric (GE); 35. Tom Cruise-a famous American movie star; 36. Zhou Xun-stuttering like others when he was young; 37. Ding Zhicheng, a male movie star who is good at playing the police, does not stutter when performing; 38. Chairman of Zhu Guangya-China Association for Science and Technology; 39. Qian Sanqiang, a famous nuclear physicist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; 40. Gong Lei-1985 captain of the Chinese youth team, 1993 season won the top scorer in the French Tahiti League with 36 goals. He was named the World Footballer of the Year by the Tahiti Football Association, and he is also the only China player nominated by the World Footballer of the Year so far. He is currently a guest of CCTV football commentator; 4 1. tanaka kakuei-Japanese Prime Minister; 42. Biden-Obama's partner, Biden was elected as the youngest senator in American history at the age of 29. From 1972 being elected as a senator for the first time to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee today. Biden has more than 30 years of political experience. William Somerset and Mao Mu-famous English novelists and dramatists; 44. Writer He is the author of Mo 8 1, which is the first inspirational novel in China about the struggling love story of stutterers.

American President Lincoln's Ways to Overcome Stuttering

American President Lincoln was born with a stutter, but since he decided to become a lawyer, he deeply understood the importance of eloquence and practiced speaking to the sea every day. After thousands of practices, Lincoln not only became a famous lawyer, but also stepped into politics and became the most memorable president in American history. Now when people mention Lincoln, they only remember that he left a well-known Gettysburg address, but few people remember that he stuttered and his speech was worse than the average person. Continuous efforts can give Lincoln excellent eloquence. Similarly, charm also depends on the efforts made the day after tomorrow. It is neither abstract nor natural. Several effective ways to correct stuttering Some stutterers have no confidence in the ability to speak, and think that their "physical defects" shut themselves out of speaking. If you know that De Mosini, a great orator in ancient Greece, and tanaka kakuei, a former Japanese prime minister in modern times, were stutterers, do you still insist on your opinion? Scientific research has proved that; Stuttering is just a bad habit formed by imitation and some hints. It is not a degenerative or hereditary disease of the vocal organs, nor is it a stutterer's mental retardation. It can be completely corrected through training. Here's a way. 1. Reading aloud can maintain the coherence of language, improve the coordination between cerebral cortex and pronunciation organs, and help correct stuttering. Most stutterers have the psychological drive of being flustered, nervous and anxious to finish their sentences quickly. In order to eliminate this problem, you can read a familiar text or article. Before reading, calm down and relax your muscles. When you start reading aloud, slow down and pay attention to the first syllable of each sentence and the first syllable of the phrase in the sentence. For example, there is a saying: We should conscientiously do our own work, strengthen unity with the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, strengthen unity with the people all over the world, and work hard to build China into a modern, highly civilized and highly developed socialist country. 2. Writing error correction theory is closely related to writing. A scientist asked stutterers to write everything they wrote in print. It takes 2-3 times longer to scribble. It is said that some stutterers insist on writing like this for a week, and the rhythm of speaking gradually becomes even, and finally they stop stuttering. This is because careful writing will form a leisurely thinking habit. 3. One problem for people who correct stuttering by pronunciation is that they often have difficulty in pronunciation. If you meet the initials b, p, m or zh, ch, sh, you will stutter. People who stutter will pay attention to which words they stutter on, so they will write them down separately and have special training. 4. Physical therapy Regular physical exercise, especially frequent deep breathing, is also very helpful to correct stuttering. This is because stutterers have a characteristic: they are nervous when speaking and eager to finish their sentences, which leads to shortness of breath, thus destroying the rhythm of language, forming disorder and aggravating stuttering. Therefore, people who stutter should take more deep breaths and speak slowly through physical activities. Don't be nervous, don't say anything, and pause for a while. This long-term persistence will improve the coordination ability of the cerebral cortex to the pronunciation organs, establish new conditioned reflex and correct the bad habit of stuttering. Hard work pays off. Experience has proved that stuttering can be corrected in half a year as long as you keep practicing. (3) Reading Training Method This is the training method used by American President Lincoln. The main content of this method is to gain eloquence by reading aloud. Its practice is: 1. Read aloud in a low voice Lincoln regarded the works of scholars, poets and other outstanding figures as his friends, and communicated silently with the author by whispering slowly. He often chooses the best works, reads them carefully in a low voice, and carefully understands its meaning, momentum, rhythm and even charm. He has prepared two Byron poems, one in the office and the other at home. After reading them for a long time, he turned them into pages. It can be said that "after reading Byron's two volumes, I learned everything." 2. After reading aloud and reading aloud in a low voice, Lincoln deepened his understanding of the works and became quite familiar with them. Then, he reads aloud and recites. He often reads aloud the long poems of Byron and Bai Langning. After entering the White House, I often read and recite the long dialogues in Shakespeare's famous plays King Lear and Hamlet. When watching a play, he can even casually comment on whether the actor's words are correct and at the same time give his own explanation. Read aloud with emotion, understand these excellent works more deeply and remember them very firmly. You can easily use excellent sentences in your speech or conversation. 3. After reading the works quickly, Lincoln tried to read quickly, limited the time, and gradually accelerated the speed, fast but not chaotic, fast and good, and finally achieved a long poem without stopping. In this way, he not only exercised his highly sensitive thinking, exercised his excellent memory, but also exercised his excellent ability to tilt down a long list of beautiful sentences in his speech, such as rapids and waterfalls, rushing to Wan Li, and hiding momentum. 4. Imitate the color of your feet and read Lincoln aloud. After choosing an excellent script, he regarded himself as an actor, "studying various roles." Imitate different roles. Read aloud repeatedly, showing different tones, intonations and expressions. He once wrote to the famous actor Huckat at that time: "I have read several famous plays of Shakespeare, and I am more familiar with them than any non-professional reader ..." This enabled Lincoln to imitate the accents of various characters vividly in his speech, which greatly enhanced the vividness of his speech. Carl Sandsberg once described Lincoln in Lincoln Biography: "He will make all kinds of faces and tell funny stories ... 5. Read aloud to the audience. Lincoln likes to read fragments of classic works vividly to others. He tried his best to win the audience and read face to face. He will read aloud in public, and he will find someone to listen to temporarily. Sometimes when he wakes up in the middle of the night, he will pick up the poem on the pillow and read it. Once he finds a particularly beautiful sentence, he often jumps out of bed in his pajamas and reads aloud to his secretary the most beautiful poem he thinks. Read cadence, as if the author is talking to someone himself. Lincoln's perseverance in reading is amazing. Since he was a teenager, he was elected as a state senator at the age of 25, became a vice presidential candidate at the age of 47, and has been reading excellent literary works since he entered the White House as president at the age of 52. Even in the busiest years of the civil war, he took time out to read some works. As Marx praised, Lincoln was "indomitable towards his goal". "It can be said that his life is always accompanied by speech activities and reading excellent works. Reading aloud is Lincoln's road to success from an orator to a president. Of course, the Lincoln Institution also used many other methods to give speeches, such as going to court to listen in, and making a mock speech to stumps and corn stalks on the way home. There is no doubt that reading aloud has played a great role in his eloquence training.