Plant poisoning is generally caused by accidental ingestion of poisonous plants or poisonous plant seeds, or improper cooking and processing methods that do not remove the toxic substances in the plant. The most common plant food poisoning is bean poisoning, poisonous mushroom poisoning; can cause death of poisonous mushrooms, potatoes, cauliflower, mandarins, white fruit, bitter almonds, castor beans, raw soya bean paste, tung oil and so on. Most of the plant poisoning has no specific treatment, for some serious poisoning that can cause death, it is very important to remove the poison as early as possible to the poisoned person.
1. uncooked beans
June 13, 2006, Anhui Mengcheng County, Wanfuta Cement Plant workers after the collective lunch, 72 workers have nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms, of which 70 workers were sent to the hospital for treatment. Mengcheng County, the local health epidemiological departments in the patient vomit samples and other laboratory tests, found that cyanide and other toxins, by comparing the workers at noon eat four seasonal beans, and ultimately confirmed that the cause of poisoning is four seasonal beans are not heated through. Raw beans, including green beans, lentils contain saponin and hemagglutinin, due to saponin on the human digestive tract has a strong irritation, can cause hemorrhagic inflammation, and on the red blood cells have a solubilizing effect. In addition, bean grains also contain erythrocyte agglutinin, with erythrocyte agglutination. If the cooking is not heated thoroughly, the toxin components of beans are not destroyed, and consumption will cause poisoning. Usually four season beans poisoning is in 30 minutes ~ 5 hours after consumption of the discomfort reaction. The main symptoms of poisoning are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness and headache, etc. Body temperature is usually normal.
Correct cooking of beans is an effective measure to prevent poisoning. First remove the toxin-containing bean heads and pods and old beans, fully heated, thoroughly fried; saponin contained in the four season beans in the heating 100 ℃ or by more than 30 minutes of heating can destroy the toxicity of cooking and processing must be cooked, fried through. It is best to take the method of stewing, before frying must be fully heated with boiling water. Stir frying can not be rapid fire, do not want to crisp and save time. Processing four season beans with a large pot should pay more attention to stirring evenly, cooked and stewed through, so that the four season beans lose the original raw green and bean flavor. And once found poisoning, there are more than vomiting, resulting in dehydration, or hemolytic manifestations, should be promptly sent to the hospital for treatment.
2. Unknown poisonous mushrooms
August 2007, Wen'an County, Hebei Province, and Chengde County, recently occurred one after another self-picked accidentally eat poisonous mushrooms poisoning, has resulted in 24 people were poisoned, of which 2 people died. Poisonous mushrooms, also known as mushrooms, are often eaten by mistake and cause poisoning because of the similarity between the appearance of certain mushrooms and non-poisonous mushrooms. There are many types of poisonous mushrooms, and their main toxic components are muscarinic acid, atropine-like toxin, hemolytic toxin, hepatotoxin, neurotoxin, and other toxins with high toxicity of about 150 kinds. Due to the different types and amounts of toxins contained in ingested mushrooms, and the patients' physique and dietary habits are also different, so the symptoms of muscarinic poisoning are also more complex, with different clinical manifestations. There are about 80 kinds of mushrooms in our country, with a wide distribution range, and the red flycatcher and white-capped mushrooms with strong toxicity are common, and the mortality rate of those who accidentally ingested them is very high.
Mastering the morphological characteristics of poisonous mushrooms and common mushrooms, and improving the ability to recognize poisonous mushrooms are effective measures to prevent poisoning by poisonous mushrooms. Don't collect mushrooms in the wild at will, especially avoid eating mushrooms with bright color and beautiful shape. When poisoned mushrooms occur, they should be sent to hospitals in time for treatment.
3. Sprouted potatoes
Yams, especially potatoes, contain a toxic substance called lobelia, lobelia on the gastrointestinal tract has a strong irritation and corrosive, the central nervous system has a paralyzing effect, and on the red blood cells have a role in dissolving, which can cause hemolysis. Usually every 100 grams of potatoes containing 5 to 10 mg of lobelia, will not cause poisoning. But when the potato sprouting or skin becomes black-green, the content of lobelia can be greatly increased, per 100 grams of potato containing lobelia can be as high as 500 milligrams, especially to the skin, young buds, bud holes and ulceration at the most, most people one-time ingested 0.2 to 0.4 grams of lobelia can cause poisoning. Sprouted potato poisoning incubation period of 30 minutes for short, long as 3 hours, clinical manifestations of the first gastrointestinal symptoms, throat and mouth burning and itching, burning pain in the epigastric region, followed by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and occasional bloody stools. In severe cases, dehydration, acid-base imbalance, decreased blood pressure and increased body temperature can occur after repeated vomiting, and headache, dizziness, coma, dilated pupils, generalized spasms, respiratory distress and other symptoms, and can even lead to death.
When storing potatoes, they should be placed in a low-temperature, non-direct sunlight irradiation place to prevent them from sprouting; do not eat the original potato lumps left on the cultivated potato plants and the potato body on the redundant young potatoes; do not buy, do not eat the potatoes that have been germinated, have green skin or black green; with potatoes to do the dishes, they should be peeled, cooked, boiled; do not advocate stir-frying and mixing the cooking method, and advocate stewing method.
4. Fresh cauliflower
Fresh cauliflower, also known as golden broccoli, for the greedy taste fresh, sweet, in recent years, some consumers like to buy back just picked down the fresh cauliflower soup, boiled. But in fact, fresh cauliflower contains colchicine toxic ingredients, it is oxidized in vivo as dicolchicine, its digestive system, the urinary system have a strong stimulating effect on the nervous system has an inhibitory effect. Heavy poisoning can damage the kidneys, hematuria, urinary closure, it can make the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata paralysis, such as the occurrence of epiphora paralysis, within one or two days due to respiratory paralysis and death. Clinical manifestations of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc., after consuming improperly processed fresh yellow cauliflower, the shorter 12 ~ 30 minutes, the longer 4 ~ 8 hours will develop.
In order to prevent yellow cauliflower poisoning, before cooking should be fully soaked in water for 30 minutes; in the processing of fresh yellow cauliflower should pay attention to can not be directly fried, it must be in boiling water to cook through, boil the soft squeeze out the water, and then rinsed with water a few times fried food. In addition, it is best to consume dried yellow cauliflower. Fresh yellow cauliflower can be steamed and dried, before eating with water to soak, and then further processed for consumption.
5. Confusing mandarins
In late June 2006, Shanghai, a 3-year-old child Xiaojun, received a partner handed a bright green fruit. Not long after Xiaojun consumed the fruit, his parents found that he was in a trance, slow to respond, flushed, and feverish, and immediately sent him to the Shanghai Children's Medical Center, where he was already in a state of delirium, accompanied by moderate convulsions. It is understood that the plant Xiaojun accidentally ingested is the fruit of the mandrake. Fortunately, it was found in time and properly treated, and now the child has recovered his consciousness.
Mandala is an annual herbaceous plant, such as white-flowered mandarins, flowers, etc. It grows in fields, ditches, roadsides, riverbanks and other places. Its whole plant is toxic, toxic substances for scopolamine, atropine and scopolamine, etc.. There are reports of poisoning by accidental ingestion of 3 grains of its fruit. Food poisoning caused by accidental ingestion of the seeds, berries or seedlings of the mandrake plant is characterized by neurological abnormalities. The clinical manifestations of poisoning are similar to atropine poisoning. The incubation period is as short as 20 minutes and as long as 3 hours, mostly about 1 hour. Symptoms first dry lips and thirst, bitter throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, dry flushed skin, fever; followed by dizziness, pupil dilatation, blurred vision, and even hallucinations; severe heart rate, restlessness, unstable blood pressure, convulsions, coma, and even death due to respiratory failure.
For the accidental eating of mandrake poisoning rescue measures for vomiting and gastric lavage, rapid removal of poison, reduce the body absorption; detoxification treatment can be subcutaneous injection of hairy fruit rutaecarpine, can also be subcutaneous injection of salicylic acid lentinanine, symptomatic treatment is mainly for neurological symptoms and respiratory symptoms.
6. Dangerous white fruit
White fruit, also known as ginkgo, can be fried, can also be used as medicine, have expectorant cough effect. But because of its toxicity, so eat too much or eat raw, can cause poisoning. Because of the white fruit pulp contains white fruit acid, kernel contains white fruit diphenol and white fruit acid, after being absorbed by the body, can act on the nervous system, resulting in the central nervous system after the inhibition of excitation, and cause peripheral nerve disorders, stimulation of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by a variety of lesions. For the consumption of white fruit poisoning symptoms, light only manifested as dull, slow reaction, loss of appetite, etc., the patient can be quickly self-cured; heavy early nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, followed by irritability, mental fear, sometimes screaming, sometimes dementia, frequent convulsions, elevated body temperature, some patients may have convulsions, and can occur limb straightening, skin purple, pupil dilatation or narrowing, corneal reflection disappeared; severe condition, the human body can absorb white fruit acid, can act on the nervous system, resulting in the first excitation inhibition of the central nervous system, and cause peripheral nerve disorders, stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa to cause various changes. In severe cases, there may be loss of consciousness to coma, dyspnea, or pulmonary edema, unstable pulse rate, weak and chaotic, congestive heart failure, and mild paralysis or complete flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs due to peripheral nerve dysfunction. When the body temperature drops, it mostly signals that the condition is turning critical, and if it continues to deteriorate, the patient may die of respiratory or circulatory failure within 1 to 2 days. The incubation period is as short as 1 hour and as long as 12 hours. In general, the younger the age, the higher the chance of poisoning. Young children eating raw fruits 5 to 10 will cause poisoning, more than 10 can be fatal. January 13, 2005, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, the first people's hospital pediatrics admitted several consecutively due to the consumption of fruits and poisoning of children, these children, the youngest 1 year old, the oldest is only 8 years old, came to the hospital have appeared in varying degrees of nausea and vomiting, convulsions and other symptoms of food poisoning. One of the 7-year-old girl consumed only 5 white fruit that occurred shock. After the medical staff's timely and effective treatment, these children have been out of danger.
Since most of the white fruit poisoners are children, schools and parents should do more publicity and education for children, telling them not to eat raw white fruit. Even the cooked white fruit can not be eaten more, the best to not eat for safety.
7. Bitter almonds
Bitter almonds belong to the cyanogenic glycoside-containing nuts, including peaches, loquats, cherries kernels, contain toxic substances amygdalin and amygdalinase. After encountering water, bitter amygdalin is decomposed into hydrocyanic acid, benzaldehyde and glucose under the action of the enzyme of amygdalin, and hydrocyanic acid is the culprit of poisoning. Hydrocyanic acid ions are absorbed into the bloodstream, can reach all tissues of the human body with the blood flow, inhibit cytochrome oxidase activity, so that the cells can not breathe, causing tissue hypoxia, and first act in the medulla oblongata center, causing excitation, and then cause the medulla oblongata and the entire central nervous system inhibition, and because of respiratory center paralysis and death. Bitter almonds poisoning amount, adults eat 40 to 60 grains, children eat 10 to 20 grains of raw, lethal amount of about 60 grams.
If you find the phenomenon of eating bitter almonds poisoning, light, as soon as possible with chopsticks or tongue depressor stimulate the throat to induce vomiting; oral mung bean soup for detoxification. In severe cases, those with cardiac arrest should immediately apply chest compressions; immediately inhale 0.2 ml of isoamyl nitrite, every 5 to 16 minutes; those with decreased blood pressure should use subcutaneous injection of adrenaline 0.5 to 1 mg, and those with respiratory difficulties should promptly inhale oxygen and artificial respiration; intramuscular injection of 0.375 grams of niclosamide; and quickly send to the hospital.
8. wild castor seeds
In 2003, Chengdu City, Jinjiang District, Liuli Township, Jiangjiyan Primary School, a number of students thought that eating castor can prevent SARS, two male students on the way to school from the roadside wild castor trees to pick many castor seeds, distributed to their classmates. The students ate the raw castor picked from the wild and as a result, 25 people suffered from vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms of poisoning, while another 10 students who ate a small amount of castor were observed at home.
Ricinus communis seeds contain ricin, ricin and ricin hemagglutinin 3 kinds of toxins, to ricin is the most toxic, 1 mg ricin or 160 mg ricin can lead to death of adults, children eating 1 to 2 castor seeds can be fatal, adults eating 3 to 12 can lead to serious poisoning or death. Castor seed has an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing blood cell coagulation and hemolysis, leading to liver and kidney necrosis and nerve paralysis. Consumption of castor seed poisoning symptoms for nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, severe dehydration, shock, coma, convulsions and other symptoms, such as untimely treatment, 2 to 3 days will be heart failure and respiratory paralysis, causing death. At present, there is no specific antidote to ricin.
9. raw soybean milk
Soybean milk is a nutritious traditional food, loved by the people, and by many places as a student dietary necessities. However, due to drinking soy milk and other soy-based drinks and poisoning incidents have occurred throughout the country. March 19, 2003, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, more than 4,000 students in eight local elementary school drinking soy milk recommended by the District Education Committee during the classroom caused by poisoning reactions, as of April 11, 2003 at noon, *** more than 2,500 students appeared to abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, and other adverse reactions, resulting in serious social impacts. Impact. It turns out that soybeans contain substances such as trypsin inhibitor, cell lectin and saponin, which are relatively heat-resistant, and if they are not heated thoroughly and the toxins are not destroyed, drinking them can lead to poisoning. Soymilk will foam a lot before it boils, and some people often mistakenly think that it has been boiled and stop heating. The incubation period of soybean milk poisoning is very short, usually 30 minutes to 1 hour, the main manifestations of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea, can be accompanied by abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms, usually not fever, serious cases can cause dehydration and electrolyte disorders.
The fundamental way to prevent soybean milk poisoning is to boil the soybean milk thoroughly before drinking. Need to be reminded that when the soybean milk heated to a certain temperature, soybean milk began to foam, this time the soybean milk is not boiled, should be appropriate to reduce the fire to continue to heat to the foam disappeared, soybean milk boiled, and then continue to heat for 5 to 10 minutes, so that the soybean milk is thoroughly cooked, drinking will not occur poisoning. If the amount of soybean milk is larger or thicker, heating must be constantly stirring, so that it is heated evenly, to prevent burning the bottom of the pot. In addition, the market sale of soybean meal, factory has been high temperature heating treatment, drinking soybean meal with soybean milk will not be poisoned.
10. tung oil
Tung oil is also known as three years tung, five years tung, tung tree. The oil extracted from its fruit is called tung oil. The main toxic component is tungstic acid and isotungstic acid, the gastrointestinal tract has a strong stimulating effect, and can damage the liver and kidneys. After the oil extraction of tung oil cake contains toxic glycosides, toxicity is greater than tung oil. The color and taste of tung oil is similar to that of edible vegetable oil in general, and there have been many cases in which tung oil was mistakenly sold as cooking oil in grain stores, resulting in acute or subacute poisoning caused by accidental ingestion. The symptoms of poisoning are thirst, chest tightness and dizziness after 30 minutes to 4 hours of consumption. Most patients have general weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, mostly watery stools. In severe cases, there will be blood in the stool, numbness of the limbs, dyspnea and liver and kidney damage. Those with slower onset may have fever.
For patients with tung oil poisoning, acute poisoning is mild, you can drink a lot of sugar water or salt water. Poisoning is more serious, should be immediately vomiting, gastric lavage, diarrhea, gastric lavage available warm water, diarrhea available magnesium sulfate. After gastric lavage, give egg white or milk, rice soup to protect the gastric mucosa. And acute poisoning should immediately stop eating food containing tung oil, and sent to the hospital infusion, treatment.