catalogue
1, morphological characteristics
2. Distribution range
3. Planting techniques
4. shopping tips
5. Nutritional value
morphological character
Water spinach is a vine with shallow roots and strong regeneration ability. The stems are creeping, round and hollow, soft, green or lavender, and the stems are thick 1 ~ 2 cm. The stem has nodes, and each node can grow adventitious roots except axillary buds. The length of the node is 3.5 ~ 5 cm, and the longest can reach 7 cm.
leaf
Leaves opposite, horseshoe-shaped. True leaves alternate, smooth, entire, extremely sharp, reticulate veins, prominent midvein, lanceolate, elliptic or heart-shaped leaves. The leaf width is 8 ~ 10 cm, the widest is 14 cm, the leaf length is 13 ~ 17 cm, and the longest is 22 cm. Petiole length, about 12 ~ 15 cm, the longest 17 cm.
fruit
Hollow and concave, the fruit is a capsule, nearly round, the seeds are dark brown, and the dry grain weighs 32 ~ 37 grams. Water spinach is propagated by seeds or tender stems, and by seeds in the north.
The herb is tendrils, and the whole plant is smooth. There are no roots underground. The stem is hollow. Leaves alternate, oval or Yangtze River Delta. Flowers are usually white, but some are purplish red or pink. The seeds have fine hairs. The flowering period is from July to September.
distribution range
Distributed in all parts of China; Widely cultivated in the provinces of the Yangtze River basin.
Planting technique
I like the hot and humid climate, and I don't have high requirements for soil conditions, so I should choose loam with low terrain and moist and fertile soil for cultivation. The suitable temperature for growth is 25 ~ 30℃, and it can withstand the high temperature of 35 ~ 40℃, and the growth stops below 10℃, and the plant dies after frost. Happy sunshine and long sunshine. The requirements for soil are not high. Strong branching ability.
Its cultivation methods are divided into two types: dry cultivation and hydroponic cultivation. Dry farming is dominant in the north, while dry farming and hydroponics coexist in the south. Early-maturing cultivation is mainly dry farming, and medium-late maturing cultivation is mostly hydroponics. Technical points: 1. Seeding and seedling raising in dry land mostly adopts seed propagation, which can be directly broadcast in the open field and transplanted. The sowing period is generally in the middle and late April. Direct seeding in the open field can be done by drilling or sowing, the row spacing is 30 ~ 35cm, the hole spacing is 15 ~ 20cm, 3 ~ 4 seeds are sown in each hole, and it can be produced in about 7 days by watering immediately after sowing.
It can also be planted closely and harvested when the seedling height is 17 ~ 20 cm. After sowing, cover with plastic film to increase temperature and moisture, and remove the film after the seedlings are unearthed. In addition, the top branches of about 1.5cm can be picked during the growth period for cutting propagation. As long as the soil moisture in the cutting area is suitable, the cutting will quickly grow adventitious roots and pull out new shoots. Early to timely intertillage, improve the ground temperature.
In summer, the temperature is high, plants grow fast, and the water demand for fertilizers is large. Therefore, it is necessary to water frequently, water again (dry air and insufficient soil moisture will easily lead to the increase of water spinach fiber, which will affect the yield and quality) and combine with water for topdressing. When the temperature turns cold in autumn, it should be cultivated and topdressing in time, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests such as red spiders. Water spinach has a long harvest period. Generally, after each harvest, ammonium sulfate 10 kg is applied in cooperation with watering mu.
Harvest: timely harvest is the key to high yield and high quality of water spinach. In production, the seedlings can be harvested when the height is about 20 ~ 30 cm. During the first and second harvest, 2 ~ 3 nodes should be left at the base of the stem to facilitate the germination of new buds after harvest, promote the development of lateral branches and strive for high yield. After harvesting for 3 ~ 4 times, the plant should be harvested again, that is, only 1 ~ 2 nodes are left at the stem base to prevent excessive side branches and slow growth.
Soil preparation and sowing
Live broadcast is generally used in the north. Before sowing, deeply turn the soil, apply 2500 ~ 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or human excrement and urine 1500 ~ 2000 kg, plant ash 50 ~ 100 kg, and rake it evenly with the soil. Before sowing, the seeds should be treated, that is, soaked in warm water at 50 ~ 60℃ for 30 minutes, then soaked in clear water for 20 ~ 24 hours, fished out and washed, and then placed in an environment of about 25℃ to accelerate germination. Keep the seeds moist during germination, and wash them with clean water for 65,438+0 times every day before sowing. The amount of seeds used per mu is 6 ~ 10 kg. Sowing is generally close planting, with a row spacing of 33 cm, and then covered with soil. You can also use sowing or hole sowing.
Tiantuan management
Water spinach has a great demand for fertilizer and water. Besides applying sufficient base fertilizer, it also needs topdressing. When the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 7 cm, they should be watered and fertilized to promote the emergence of seedlings, and then watered frequently to keep the soil moist. After each picking, topdressing should be 1 ~ 2 times. Top dressing should be light before concentration, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea. During the growing period, intertillage should be done in time to weed, and intertillage is not needed after ridge sealing.
choose
If water spinach is harvested once, it can be harvested once when the plant height is 20 ~ 35 cm. If it is harvested for many times, it can be sown when the plant height is 12 ~ 15 cm, and the thinning seedlings can be marketed; When the plant height is 18 ~ 2 1 cm, it can be harvested for many times and put on the market.
When the seedlings grow to a height of 33 cm, pick them for the first time 1, and leave two stem nodes for the first time 1, the second stem node for the second time, and the 1 stem from the stem base for the third time, so that the stem base can germinate again. In this way, the stems and vines picked in the future can remain strong. When picking, it is more appropriate to pinch it with your hands. If you use iron tools such as knives, it is easy to rust the blade. Generally, the yield of one harvest can reach 1500 kg, and the yield of multiple harvests can reach 5000 kg.
Water spinach, also known as water spinach, water spinach, bamboo and so on. It is an annual or perennial creeping herb of convolvulaceae. Originated in tropical and rainy areas of China, it is suitable for growing in humid areas, mainly distributed in Lingnan area, and is a green leafy vegetable widely cultivated in summer and autumn. Its edible part is tender stems and leaves, which can be fried or cooled, and the soup is equivalent to spinach. It is rich in nutrition. 100g spinach contains calcium147mg, ranking first among leafy vegetables. Vitamin A is 4 times higher than tomato, and vitamin C is higher than tomato 17.5%.
Water spinach, a leafy vegetable growing in summer, has a long harvest period, which can break the structure of leafy vegetables with many fruits and pods in northern summer and is not limited by high temperature and heavy rain. Therefore, the introduction and cultivation began in the north and achieved success.
shopping tips
When buying water spinach, it is best to choose the kind with relatively complete stems and leaves, fresh and tender, and no fibrous roots. It is advisable to choose varieties with no macula, short stems and wide and fresh leaves. In addition, after water spinach is bought back, it is easy to soften and wither due to water loss. Soak in water for about half an hour before cooking, and the fresh and green texture can be restored.
nutritive value
The edible part is 76%. Every100g contains 84 kilojoules of energy, 92.9g of water, 2.2g of protein, 0.3g of fat, 2.2g of dietary fiber1.4g of carbohydrate, 0.20g of carotene1520g of retinol, 253g of retinol equivalent, 0.03mg of thiamine and 0.riboflavin. Vitamin e1.09 mg; Potassium 243 mg, sodium 94.3 mg, calcium 99 mg, magnesium 29 mg, iron 2.3 mg, manganese 0.67 mg, zinc 0.39 mg, copper 0. 1 mg, phosphorus 38 mg, selenium 1.2 g. Pharmaceutical ingredients are effective insulin-like substances in the treatment of diabetes.