As an economic crop, ginger has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, removing dampness and dispelling cold, so it is very popular among people. Ginger does not have high requirements on climate and soil. However, the cultivation of ginger does not require much human management, so it is relatively convenient to grow. What environmental conditions need to be met to grow ginger? The first is temperature. Ginger prefers a warm and humid climate. Ginger can grow under the conditions of average temperature of 14~30℃. Germination can occur above 16℃, and the optimal germination temperature is 22~25℃. The sowing temperature must ensure that the ground temperature is stable above 15°C. The optimal temperature for plant stem and leaf growth after sowing is 25~28℃.
If the temperature exceeds 30℃ and encounters drought again, the leaves will fall off easily, which will affect the growth of the plant during the vigorous growth period. The temperature required for rhizome expansion is 25℃ during the day and 17~18℃ at night. Below 11°C, plant growth stops, and the stems and leaves die when exposed to frost. In different growth stages of ginger, the suitable range of ground temperature is also different. The ground temperature is 18~20℃, which is most suitable for the growth of the root system; the ground temperature is 17~24℃, which is most suitable for the rapid growth of ginger tubers. After harvesting, the optimum temperature for ginger during storage is 13~15°C. If it is too low, it will be susceptible to freezing damage, and if it is too high, it will be prone to disease.
Light: Ginger is a plant that likes moisture and tolerates shade. It requires medium-intensity light conditions and is intolerant to strong light. The germination period requires dark conditions. The seedling stage requires moderate light conditions. In the vigorous growth stage, there are many branches, the groups shade each other, and the demand for external light is stronger. Under normal circumstances, during the ginger growing season, natural light can meet the needs of ginger. However, in the seedling stage, if there is high temperature and drought, and the light is too strong, the plants will grow short, the leaves will turn yellow, the leaves will be narrow and short, and the growth potential will be weak. Therefore, during this period, attention should be paid to appropriate shade and irrigation. During the vigorous growth period, due to the increase in branches and leaves, the aboveground part grows lushly, and the top, bottom, left and right parts of the group shade each other, and the light in the middle and lower parts of the ginger field is relatively weak. Therefore, the shade must be removed in time to maintain strong light. The expansion of underground stems is mainly carried out under underground dark conditions, and attention should be paid to soil cultivation.
Soil: Ginger has a wide adaptability to soil, and its requirements for soil texture are not very strict. It can grow normally on sandy loam, light loam, medium loam or heavy loam. The most ideal soil is The surface sand is moderate in nature, soft and breathable, and heats up quickly, which is conducive to the development of the aboveground and root systems in the seedling stage. The lower soil has good water and fertilizer retention capabilities and has stamina, allowing the rhizomes to expand quickly, have many above-ground branches, and have high yields. Ginger likes neutral and slightly acidic soil, and is intolerant to strong acids and alkalis. The optimum pH range is 5 to 7, with a pH value of 6 being the best. When the pH value is less than 5 or greater than 8, the growth of the plant height is inhibited, and the growth of the plant height is inhibited. It inhibits the growth of branches and leaves, affects the number of ginger balls and the size of ginger pieces, and ultimately affects the yield.
Moisture: Moisture is extremely important for the growth and development of ginger. Ginger has a shallow root system and is neither drought tolerant nor waterlogging resistant. The moisture content of above-ground stems and leaves is 86% to 88%. Because ginger has lush branches and leaves, large transpiration, and high water consumption, water must be replenished in time during production to ensure normal growth. During the seedling stage, ginger seedlings grow slowly and have a small growth volume. They do not require much water, but they are in the seedling stage. In the high temperature and drought season, the soil evaporates quickly. At the same time, the water metabolism activity of ginger seedlings is strong, and its transpiration is much stronger than that in the later growth period. To ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings, water shortage is indispensable at this time. If the soil is dry and water cannot be replenished in time, the growth of ginger seedlings will be severely inhibited, causing the plants to be thin and sluggish, making it difficult to make up for the water supply in the later period.
During the vigorous growth period of ginger, the above-ground stem branches increase, the leaf area increases rapidly, underground ginger bulbs such as sub-ginger and sun ginger appear in large numbers, and the stems begin to expand, requiring a large amount of water. The soil field water capacity during this period is It should be maintained at 70%~80%, that is, the soil should be kept moist. If there is drought or water shortage during this period, not only will the yield be affected, but the quality will also be poor. However, in rainy seasons, ginger fields must be drained in time, otherwise the root system will not develop well and the disease will be serious. From the late stage of vigorous growth to before harvesting, the frequency and amount of watering should be controlled. If the ginger is watered too much, the skin of the ginger will appear cracked and the color will be darker. Not only will it have poor commercial properties, but it will also not be able to withstand storage.
Nutrition: The main nutrients needed for ginger growth come from the soil. During the entire growth period of ginger, the seedling stage requires less fertilizer, accounting for 12.25% of the absorption during the entire growth period, while the absorption during the vigorous growth period accounts for 87.75%. Ginger absorbs the most potassium during the entire growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus in third place. Ginger rhizomes absorb less nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the seedling stage. During the vigorous growth period, the absorption of phosphorus slowly increases, and the demand for nitrogen and potassium increases sharply. Ginger needs the most potassium fertilizer in the early stage of its vigorous growth period, followed by nitrogen fertilizer. In the middle and late stages of vigorous growth, it absorbs more nitrogen than potassium, and more potassium than phosphorus. Ginger not only needs a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also needs to absorb trace elements such as zinc and boron.
Zinc has a great effect on the formation of ginger balls, and boron has a great effect on the photosynthetic function of leaves