Abstract: With the development of China's social and economic development and the improvement of people's living standards, people are paying more and more attention to nutrition and health, healthy diet, nutritional health care and people's lives are now closely related to reasonable nutrition is the basis of health; scientific diet, rational nutrition, and promotion of health has become the basic needs of society. However, at present, our residents have less knowledge about nutrition, and there is a serious lack of nutritional talents. In order to widely popularize nutritional knowledge, improve the nutritional quality of the whole population, the training of professional nutritional technicians has become the urgent needs of our society.
Keywords: health food, probiotics, nutritional diet, therapeutic health
Introduction: food is the material basis for human survival. In today's world of great material abundance, people's demand for quality of life is getting higher and higher. With the development of the economy and the improvement of the quality of life, people's requirements for food are getting higher and higher, from satisfying food and clothing to the pursuit of taste, and then slowly transformed into the pursuit of nutritional health care - that is, through the daily diet to achieve to meet the nutritional needs of regulating bodily functions, as well as reducing the risk of disease. More and more consumer groups, constituting a huge health food consumer market, such as on the thousands of years of traditional Chinese dietary culture of medicine and food with the same origin, health care has become a trend. However, while focusing on health, we need to fully understand the nutritional composition and safety hazards of health food.
1. Definition and connotation of health food:
1.1 Concept of health food
Health food (Health food, Functional food, Dietary supplement) has different concepts in different countries. Our definition of health food is: food which indicates that it is consumed by a specific group of people, has the function of regulating the organism, and does not aim at treating diseases. This definition gives health food three attributes: (1) food attributes: health food is food, meets the basic requirements of ordinary food, can provide one or more nutrients, can be digested and absorbed by the human body, safe and non-toxic, but is not an ordinary food; (2) functional attributes: half of the inter-video should have a specific health care function, is a specific and clear function that can be objectively experimented with scientific experimental methods, and may Special food to meet the special physiological skill needs of special people. Subject to the object of consumption, consumption limitations, health food is not for everyone. 3) non-pharmaceutical properties: health food is not medicine, can not replace the therapeutic effect of drugs on the patient, can not be used to treat the disease for the purpose of regulating the body's physiological function through certain ways to meet the requirements of the human body, the consumer can choose freely.
1.2 Connotation of health food
The reason why people need health food is because there are different stages of human health, each with different needs. In health, disease latency, illness, recovery from illness need different health food to regulate the body's needs. In health food, some of them are written to protect the normal function of the body, some of them are to promote the normal or abnormal function of the body, some of them are to slow down the declining trend of the functions of the body, and some of them are to regulate the abnormal physiological indexes that appear in the body. So the benefits of health food are many.
1.3 Characteristics of health food
Health food also has a little bit of characteristics, mainly reflected in: 1, health food is food; 2, health food must have a functional function; 3, health food is suitable for specific groups of people to consume; 4, health food formulas composed of the utilization of the amount of scientific evidence must have a clear efficacy of the ingredients; 5, health food not only by the Ministry of Health Health food must not only be evaluated by the Ministry of Health designated units for functional evaluation and other tests, but must also be approved by the local health administrative department after the initial examination and approval, reported to the Ministry of Health for approval. Only after the Ministry of Health passes the examination, it will issue the approval certificate and batch number of health food, and then it can use the health food label and be called health food.
2.1 Origin of Health Food
The origin of health food in China can be traced back to the Chinese people's long tradition of therapeutic diet and the theory of "medicine and food are from the same source", in addition to traditional Chinese medicine as a traditional medicine and health culture, is an important theoretical basis for the development of health food in China. In addition, Chinese medicine, as traditional medicine and health culture, is an important theoretical basis and effective material source for the development of health food in China, and it is also a unique advantage for the development of health food in China
2.2 Current Situation of Health Food
China's health food has been developing rapidly in the mid- to late 1980s and it has increasingly formed a new industry. The Chinese government has formulated corresponding laws, regulations and technical standards, forming a relatively complete system of laws and regulations and technical standards. According to relevant data, in 2001, China's health food sales of nearly 50 billion yuan, to 2010, this figure may also double, health food production enterprises are also like a spring as much as more than 3,000. 2003 statistics, human beings into the "era of preventive medicine," health food has a broad view of the United States.
2.3 Stages of health food
The history of the development of health food can be roughly divided into three stages: the first generation of health food, including all kinds of fortified food, is the most primitive functional food, only based on the various types of nutrients or fortified nutrient function inferred that the nutritional function of the food, these functions have not been any experimental testing. The second generation of health food is that it must undergo animal and human experiments to prove that it has a certain physiological function. The third generation of health food not only needs to prove that it has a certain function by animal and human experiments, but also needs to know the structure and content of the active ingredient (or functional factor) that has the effect. The third generation of health food is booming in China, representing the future development trend.
2.4 Trend of Health Food
In the current China, there are three generations of products in different market areas, but from the general direction, the first generation is on the verge of being eliminated (there is still a certain market in the rural areas), the second generation of products is occupying the middle and low-end, and the third generation of products is located in the middle and high-end. After 2000, a large number of multinational enterprises entered China, bringing a large number of advanced nutritional products from developed countries. Almost all of these products belong to the third generation. While selling the products, they do a lot of work to popularize the knowledge of nutrition and health care, and teach consumers how to identify and choose health food. When consumers look at many domestic health products with a critical eye, the ugly packaging, ambiguous and exaggerated efficacy, so that the sense of trust is greatly reduced. The final beneficiaries are undoubtedly the multinational companies that do knowledge marketing. Although they pay a lot, but the harvest is also big.
3. Factors affecting the development of the health food industry in various countries
3.1 Three stages of health food development in various countries
The development of health food in various countries has gone through three stages, the first generation of fortified food, the second generation of a certain health care function proved by the test of animals and the crowd, but do not know its functional composition, chemical structure, functional principles, and can not be quantitatively determined by the unique composition. The third generation is the extraction of functional ingredients from natural raw materials. The third generation is the extraction of functional factors and efficacy components from natural raw materials, and at the same time, its chemical structure and content can be clarified. Many countries only recognize the third generation of health food. Many countries only recognize the third generation of health food, which is recognized by consumers and can be monitored and managed to prevent mixing of fish and dragons. From China's health food market: only the development of the third generation of health food can be in line with international standards, to enter the international market, and establish integrity among consumers.
3.2 Several Factors Affecting the Development of the Health Food Industry in Various Countries
Market information reports that in the next ten years, the global functional food industry will move forward at an average annual rate of 10%, which is much faster than the food industry's annual growth rate of 2%. The two main factors affecting the development of the functional food industry: "market pull" and "scientific push", in addition, the "food" industry and "government" are also driving the functional food industry. In addition, the "food" industry and the "government" are also two important factors in promoting the development of the functional food industry.
3.2.1 Market Pull
The determinant of market pull is the consumer. Whether a product is favored by consumers, mainly determined by its taste, convenience and consumer trust. According to the current popular opinion in Europe and the United States, functional food is the first taste, only good taste to attract consumers. Consumers will not ignore the taste for the sake of health; in addition, it is convenience, easy to eat, easy to heat the product, easy to carry; third, the degree of trust, consumer trust in the product is a guarantee that it will win the market. Product safety, effective is to improve consumer trust in the guarantee; good "brand", to motivate consumers to buy is an important factor.
3. 2. 2 science to promote
Science to promote, functional food scientific research needs to answer the eight aspects of the question: ① consumer understanding: what kind of health effect is the most important need of consumers; ② biological information: what kind of molecules responsible for this function; ③ in vitro screening and in vivo effect: if there are a variety of components **** the same role, which component of the biological effect of the greatest; ④ bioavailability Bioavailability: the digestion and absorption of specific bioactive substances with biological benefits; ⑤ Biotechnology and food engineering: how to obtain this bioactive substance and produce a promising functional food; ⑥ Mechanism of action; ⑦ Population intervention study: whether it is really effective for human body; ⑧ Information: how we explain these effects. Throughout the international scientific research on functional foods, there are a few points that we should pay attention to: ① Pay attention to the use of new theories and methods to reveal the role of non-traditional nutrients in food and its mechanism. Considering that most of the efficacy components in food are a mixture, it is difficult to isolate and purify the effective components. In Japan, Toshihiko Osawa et al. established an immunochemical research method to evaluate oxidative stress, and successfully prepared antibodies specific for lipid peroxides, proteins, and oxidative damage to DNA, and established the ELASA method for microdetermination of such antibodies, thus making it possible to evaluate antioxidant food components both in vitro and in vivo. Using this method, biological markers of oxidative stress damage can be detected in blood, saliva and urine. (ii) Increased attention to the development of new functional materials. In the next few years, countries around the world will pay more attention to research and development of non-traditional nutrients plant and animal resources. In recent years, European, American and Japanese scholars have been looking to China, India and South America to find functional materials that can reduce the risk of some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease, which are serious threats to human health. (iii) More emphasis on interdisciplinary and transnational cooperation. In recent years, Europe and the United States have established functional food research and development of international organizations, but also published publications, such as the United States published "Functional Food". In order to coordinate the functional food research, the European branch of the International Life Sciences Association, by 60 researchers from different countries to form a functional food science research group, set up six sub-topics, "growth, development, differentiation," "substrate metabolism," "reactive oxygen defense" and "functional food". "Reactive Oxygen Defense", "Gastrointestinal Physiology and Function", "Cardiovascular Function", "Behavior and Psychology" and so on. The research has been conducted in-depth, but also published a special paper, the research has a far-reaching impact on the future development of functional foods.
3. 2.3 The role of the food industry and the government
The role of the food industry is obvious, because only a strong food industry can produce functional foods that are popular with consumers and taste good. Only a strong food industry, using a variety of advanced technologies and quality control measures can retain as many functional ingredients as possible in the product to improve the functional properties of food. In promoting the development of functional foods, the role of the government is also very critical. Because the government not only formulates regulations and policies to encourage the development of the functional food industry, but also plays an important role in strengthening market supervision and selecting the best and eliminating the worst. More importantly, the government can build a bridge between scientists and consumers to strengthen the exchange of information, so that consumers have a correct understanding of various functional products and enhance consumer trust in functional foods
4. The development direction of the health food market in various countries
Throughout the relevant reports, the following areas of the functional food market are worthy of our attention:
4． .1 Children's market - a special consumer group.
In the United States there are 0.72 billion children, of which: high blood lipids - 270,000; children under the age of 19, high blood pressure - 2 million; overweight - 1 / 4 Children, low energy feel tired - 60%; 15% of children dozing in class. Sensitive American food manufacturers have introduced a range of functional foods suitable for children, such as a range of fortified foods for children such as convenient breakfasts and organic cheeses containing six types of live bacteria, based on the fact that about 80% of children do not get the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals. Energy-fortified foods are also popular, with 37% of high school students in the U.S. consuming energy drinks, 36% drinking coffee, and 24% drinking tea. In addition to emphasizing the importance of breakfast, about vitamin A, C, E, B, beta-carotene products by children and teenagers love, with the intelligence of the DHA, EPA products are also popular.
4.2 Adult market aimed at improving the quality of life
With the extension of life expectancy, accelerated pace of work and improved standard of living, consumers, especially the middle-aged and elderly people are increasingly emphasizing the improvement of their own quality of life. One is products that provide energy. Seventy-five percent of adults in the U.S. are concerned about energy and fatigue, and 35 million adults have symptoms of energy deficiency. One in three purchasers say that one person in their household is working to improve and eliminate energy deficiency and fatigue.In 2001, sales of sports nutrition foods in the United States amounted to $2.5 billion, and sales of energy-providing beverages amounted to $500 million. Brain energy products have also been on the market in recent years with 29% of men and 36% of women in the US concerned about mental stress. The second is weight loss products, with nearly 105 million adults over the age of 20 in the U.S. overweight, 42.5 million obese, nearly 50% of shoppers admitting that one person in their household is trying to control their weight, 62 million people across the U.S. trying to control their weight, and 5.8 million of the consumer population trying to lose weight. As a result, weight-loss foods, including low-calorie foods, are extremely popular in the United States. The third is to enhance the immune function of food to meet the needs of 3/4 Americans. There are 108 million cases of influenza in the U.S. each year, so immune-boosting functional products and herbs are preferred, especially products that utilize probiotics and prebiotics, which have received widespread attention. The fourth is functional food for improving eyesight. It is an emerging health function in the field of functional foods. Ninety percent of adults in the U.S. want to maintain healthy vision, and 28 percent of households have a member who is actively improving and treating his or her vision. More than 60 million people in the U.S. are nearsighted and 14 million have macular hypoplasia. Due to the scientific discovery in recent years lutein, anthocyanins and carotenoids have an important role in improving vision, lutein as the main raw material of the products have been marketed in Europe and the United States one after another.
4.3 Functionality of the leisure food is the future development of functional food a direction
Over the years, the United States of America's functional food manufacturers gradually realized that Americans do not want to give up their favorite leisure food for the sake of health. Some smart manufacturers have begun to introduce functional foods into the realm of casual foods. Not only are functional candies (candies fortified with VA, VC, VE, and calcium) being developed, but calcium-enhanced chewing gums are also appearing in the U.S. candy market. Functional candy sales of $ 4 billion worldwide accounted for 1 / 6 of the confectionery market. at present, some manufacturers are also developing functional candies with immune enhancement and throat cleaning and moisturizing. Secondly, functional tea drinks have also become one of the mainstream tea products in Europe and the United States, many manufacturers in the development of functional tea market success.
4.4 "personalized production" and "personalized service" is the future of functional food companies a noteworthy trend
Personalized service is the 21st century the most successful business strategy. In the functional food field, "personalized production" and "personalized service" are also one of the successful strategies. The use of personalized packaging, personalized retail service and expert face-to-face advice and after-sales service is winning global success. For example, for women to design breakfast whole grain food: to provide the daily needs of calcium - 60%, iron - 90%, folic acid - 100%, VB12 - 100%; for menopausal women: bread - 40ug isoflavones, drinks - 100mg soy isoflavones; ingredients packaging: probiotics + prebiotics, consumers can add to their own leisure food and milk.
4.5 Disease risk reduction products are one of the main channels for the future development of functional foods
Using functional foods to supplement medicines in order to alleviate the symptoms and reduce the risk of disease is one of the main channels for the future development of functional foods. Currently, there are about 55 million consumers in the United States who are in the market to purchase some health foods on their own to maintain their health. About half of Americans believe that they can use foods instead of drugs to reduce the risk of disease. In addition to the use of functional foods to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes that we mentioned earlier, consumers are also purchasing large quantities of functional and other health foods that are beneficial in reducing and mitigating osteoporosis, improving gastrointestinal health, preventing dental caries, improving joint pain, and combating allergies.
5, thesis summary and future prospects
Through the study of health nutrition and health care, I have a more comprehensive understanding of the definition and content of health. Health is not only a matter of eating and drinking well, and no longer a matter of wearing good clothes and warmth so simple, at the same time, let me be more concerned about the usual dietary health care health and hygiene and cleanliness of life, and at the same time to maintain a good mood and cheerful personality.
With the development and progress of society, the fast-paced life, and the huge pressure of life and other reasons. Make us more and more neglect our health problems. As people's awareness of health is becoming more and more important, but more and more comprehensive, the modern definition of health is becoming more and more diversified and broad. Including physiological, psychological and social adaptation several aspects. Mental health is the spiritual pillar of physical health, and physical health is the material foundation of mental health. Physiological defects, diseases will make people worry, agitation, depression and other bad emotions, resulting in abnormal psychological state. Nowadays people are always saying: health first, knowledge second, family third, money fourth. The most precious thing in life is life, and it is also the most precious treasure for everyone. The twenty-first century to moral, health, quality of the comprehensive development to adapt to the twenty-first century comprehensive new talent
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