Sweet potato is one of the important crops in China, to realize the sweet potato high quality and high, how should be planted?

Sweet potato is one of the important crops in our country, its advantage is rich in nutrients, delicious flavor, at the same time, there is a large amount of carotene, the most important thing is that it can promote digestion, and it plays an important role in people's life. This article mainly describes the main aspects of high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology of sweet potato mulching, including the selection of good seed, seedling, fertilization, field management, pest control and other aspects of the sweet potato high yield technology, I hope to provide reference for the relevant workers.

1 Selection of good seed

In the process of sweet potato variety selection should attach great importance to the selection of good seed, integration of regional climatic conditions and market demand and kinds of habits for the selection of good seed. If it is a high-end consumer market, you can choose miniature potatoes, purple heart potatoes and red heart picture potatoes, etc.; if you want to sell in advance, you can choose the potatoes with strong resistance to disease; if you want to starch processing is the main thing, you should choose the potatoes with high starch content.

2 Seedling

Seedling work in the advantages and disadvantages immediately determine the sweet potato production and sales and quality, if the seedlings are strong, after the insertion of the disease resistance ability is strong, sweet potatoes perfect early, at the same time, more potatoes, you can realize the increase in production. If the seedlings are weak, slow growth will occur after seedling insertion, and fewer potatoes will be produced, while the production volume will be low. Thus, seedling production is an important part of sweet potato planting.

2.1 Production of seedbeds

The minimum temperature necessary for sweet potato germination is 16℃, in the first half of March in the calendar year, the temperature is 13℃ after the filming, after the filming can be realized 16℃, and then can be prepared in advance of the seedbed. In the process of seedbed selection should attach great importance to flat terrain, fertile soil and easy management, at the same time, the seedbed can not have pathogenic bacteria.

The length and total width of the seedbed must be selected in accordance with the actual situation, in general, 20m is more appropriate, otherwise it will jeopardize the aeration. In order to prevent the seedbed has pathogenic bacteria, in the process of combing can use a certain percentage of drugs sprinkled in the seedbed side, immediately in the work of sterilization. After creating a good seedbed must be early to raise the ambient temperature of the seedbed, in order to lay the foundation for the potato row work.

2.2 row potato

Through drying and sterilization of seed potatoes for sorting, flush discharged after the growth of potato seedlings are neat, at the same time on the future management are very beneficial. It should be noted that the seed potato sorting is carried out in a timely manner after watering. At the same time should be fine soil paved with seed potatoes and seed potatoes in the middle of the gap, and later evenly filled with soil, and then mulch insulation heat preservation. If the groundwater is relatively high, you must excavate the sewage ditch early to prevent the seed potato from rotting, to ensure that the seed potato can be sprouted, to achieve the germination rate increase.

2.3 Seedbed management

In the process of seedbed management need to pay attention to some difficult problems, such as the early must be sustained high temperature to promote teeth, in the middle and late must be flat temperature long seedling, and in the middle and late to ultra-low temperature refining seedling and so on. After arranging the potato seed, within 7 days resolutely eliminate the windy unraveling of the protective film, to prevent the impact on the temperature and humidity within the film, which in turn jeopardizes the sprouting of the potato seed.

After 7 days, the seeds will slowly grow roots and sprout after 15 days. At this stage, if the ambient temperature inside the film exceeds 30℃ in the afternoon on a sunny day, the plastic film should be lifted up as soon as possible to reduce the temperature and prevent the continuous high temperature from harming the potato seedlings. After reducing the temperature, we should cover the plastic film in time to promote the growth of potato seedlings, and if the seedbed is too dry, we should water it in time.

In the first half of April, due to rising temperatures, it is necessary to cultivate the soil and hoeing as early as possible, and increase urea 2 to 3 times. When the potato seedlings reach 6-7 nodes, they should be slowly refined to promote the survival of the potato seedlings. In mid-April, when the seedlings reach 20-30cm, they can be cut and planted. If the seedling picking is too late, it will happen that the potato seedling is close to the situation, so it should cut the seedling early to provide a guarantee for the healthy and happy growth of the potato seedling.

3 pull buds early insertion 3.1 reasonable dense planting

Relative density selection of sweet potato planting should be blended with the type of sweet potato, characteristics, soil layer of fertilizer status and planting time period to determine. In most cases, if the fertilizer efficiency is relatively high area, should be planted with large potato species and long spreading varieties, at the same time suitable for sparse planting. If the fertilizer efficiency is low, should be planted with small potato species and short vine varieties, and should be planted in clusters.

In the insertion of sweet potato land selection process need to pay attention to some problems, should choose fertile soil, watering standard general and transport aspects of the sandy soil, according to scientific research compared to the conclusion can understand, using the high ridges and rows of insertion of high production is relatively high. This kind of planting has certain advantages, both deeper soil layer, locking water and soil fixation ability is stronger, in the root of a large number of biological theme activities. This advantage all promote the sweet potato root system is developed, sweet potato block is large, and its growth process can immediately prevent flooding and drought tolerance.

Besides, this kind of planting method absorbs more heat in the daytime and removes heat from the soil layer faster at night, which is beneficial to the accumulation of chemical substances in the sweetpotato blocks due to the big temperature difference between day and night. In general, the height of the ridge 25 ~ 30cm up and down is more appropriate, in the process of planting to ensure effective relative density, and then for the yield and product quality to lay the foundation for improvement.

3.2 Appropriate early insertion

Selecting the appropriate opportunity for early insertion can increase the nutrient growth period of sweetpotato, the period can fully utilize the role of light energy, improve the growth structure of sweetpotato, to ensure that the sweetpotato above ground and underground part of the healthy growth, is the important basis for the accumulation of sweetpotato chemical substances and yield improvement. In mid-April, if the temperature is stabilized at 16℃ or less, it is possible to carry out the seedling insertion treatment. A certain way should be applied in the process of seedling insertion, i.e. the method of bud insertion can be chosen, due to the fact that bud insertion saves the demand of seed potato compared with clipping insertion.

This kind of planting method is after many years of production and manufacturing practice, and the traditional planting method compared with certain advantages, instant appearance corresponds to the early, realize the seed potato use saving, etc., therefore, in the process of sweet potato development should be actively advocated.

Under normal circumstances, it is more appropriate to start bud insertion in the middle and end of April, and the second batch of buds will be pulled out for planting after 5~7 days, and the buds can be pulled out for 4 times at most. After each bud pulling, we should fertilize, turn over the soil and hoe in time to ensure the growth of the seedling buds in the future. To the beginning of May when the buds are finished inserted, and later cut seedlings inserted.

4 field management 4.1 check seedlings to fill the gap

In planting potato seedlings 4 days later to check seedlings are not lack of timely, once found dead or inverted seedling condition must be early to make up for the seedling. In the process of replenishment of seedlings to choose large and prosperous seedlings, and timely watering to ensure the survival rate of replenishment of seedlings. In addition, it should also attach great importance to the early replanting, in order to promote the occurrence of flush and full seedlings, can not be due to the lack of seedlings and affect the production volume, the key management of the late replanting of the seedlings to ensure that the growth of seedlings and the previous growth consistency, as well as to facilitate the management of the middle and late stage.

In addition, should also pay attention to the sweet potato soil cultivation, the first time must be deep plowing, the depth of 4 ~ 6cm, 15 days after the second soil cultivation, the depth of 3 ~ 4cm, the purpose is to reduce the outflow of water, to ensure that the soil is fluffy, and then to promote the growth of bare-root seedlings of healthy and happy. When the main stems of sweet potatoes grow up to 50cm or less, you should choose a sunny day to remove the upper potato buds; if the sprout grows up to around 40cm, you should immediately remove the top potato buds. If the sweet potato grows too fast, it should be surveyed and manipulated immediately.

4.2 Water management

In the process of sweet potato growth, a certain amount of water must be used, if the water flow in the field is less than 60% then it must be watered, if it is higher than 80% then it should be drained early.

In order to ensure that sweet potato seedlings have sufficient water during the growing period, should attach great importance to soil cultivation, hoeing, loosening and other countermeasures to ensure that the roots are more developed. If in the sweet potato growth period encountered drought then should be timely watering, when the insertion of the seedling survival should be timely soil cultivation, generally must be cultivated 2 times up and down the most appropriate, when the potato vine climbed all over the soil ridge should be timely termination of soil cultivation, to prevent the impact on the leaf stems.

If the sweet potato into the growth of the peak period of time, must immediately mention the branches, mention the branches and then gently put it back to the original place, the purpose is to inhibit the growth of leaf stem, to prevent in the indeterminate root potato. In the process of lifting the vine, it is necessary to prevent the destruction of the leaves caused by the overturning of the vine and the breakage of the vine, if you do not pay attention to this problem, it will lead to the yellowing of the leaves and even the condition of the dead vine, which will directly affect the growth of the sweet potatoes.

4.3 Balanced fertilization

The important factor for high yield of sweet potato is fertilizer management. In the process of sweet potato growth should be good 3 times watering solution, first, after planting to timely watering, the purpose is to improve the survival rate of seedlings. Secondly, in about 30 days after the planting of the fusion of soil conditions for watering, in the process of watering to adhere to certain principles, that is, in the ditch water injection, ditch water injection is a prerequisite to ensure that the soil layer in the ridge is not caked, and then promote the potatoes Pangda.

Finally, it is necessary to water the potato during the period of enlargement, in order to ensure a good harvest of sweet potato. Later on, you should choose the appropriate watering time according to the actual soil quality and weather conditions, and you can't water again for about 20 days before the harvest.

In addition to this, in order to promote the healthy growth of the potatoes, scientific and reasonable fertilizer management should be carried out. When sprinkling urea and potassium sulfate several grams in the furrow, the fertilizer should be watered in time after fertilization. In the middle and late stage of the growth of the potato tuber is important for the increase of production, if this stage can be scientifically and reasonably applied fertilizer and fertilizer management, it can realize the increase of sweet potato yield. In the middle and late fertilization of the main way as described below, if the sweet potato ground stem began to yellow or become withered, can be applied in the process of sprinkling water into potassium sulfate, urea a number of.

5 pests and diseases control

In the process of sweet potato growth, the main disease symptoms are black spot disease, golden needle insect pest, sweet potato moth and leaf miner moth and so on. In the process of controlling black spot disease, you can use a certain amount of metribuzin to soak the seed potato once from the seedling period, and then change this drug to soak the bottom of the seedling for a certain length of time when planting, which can reasonably prevent black spot disease.

If the disease occurs in the middle and late stages of sweet potato growth, you can use a certain amount of carbendazim to liquid irrigation of the roots; if the placement of the golden needleworm, you can use Picrasidine emulsion. In general, you should choose cloudy or sunny days in the morning, the effect is better. At the same time in the process of prevention and control should adhere to the principle of prevention and integrated control.