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Composition description of Zizyphus jujuba and Zizyphus jujuba in Laoling City, Shandong Province
Leling jujube, also known as golden silk jujube. Leling City is located in the North China Plain in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is one of the origins of jujube. Its cultivation history began in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, flourished in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 3,000 years. In Qi Min Yao Shu written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was recorded: "Qingzhou has Leshi jujube, which is rich in muscle and fine in nucleus, and the cream is rich and beautiful, ranking first in the world. According to legend, when Le Yi broke Qi, it was planted from Yan Zhi. ". (Leling belonged to Qingzhou County at that time) It has been more than 2,200 years since then. There is a "Longevity Star" jujube tree in the northeast of Guanling County. It is said that Luo Cheng, a peasant uprising army, tied his horse to rest under this tree at the end of Sui Dynasty. Qing Qianlong's "Leling County Records" records that in the 19th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Wang Dengyong, a magistrate of Leling County, "taught the people to plant jujube, and some people planted jujube to redeem it, so there were many jujubes in the city." Leling in the Qing Dynasty is known as a treasure trove of geomantic omen. The poet Wu Tai Pang wrote in his poem, "In June, the lotus flowers are even blue, and thousands of small dates shoot red clouds". It vividly describes the grand occasion of jujube cultivation in Leling at that time and the harvest scene of mature jujube trees covered with branches in autumn. Local officials in past dynasties used this date to pay tribute to the emperor. It was once known as "tribute date" and was also interpreted as "fairy date", and was known as "the king of all kinds of fruits". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty also hung a plaque of "Jujube King" on a jujube tree between Zhou and Yin villages. In recent years, Leling City has vigorously implemented the strategy of "enriching the people with jujube trees", and successively issued a series of preferential policies, such as "people walk everywhere, the land follows the trees, whoever plants it will remain unchanged for 50 years", and the planting scale of jujube trees has expanded rapidly. Up to now, the intercropping of jujube and grain has been realized in one million mu of cultivated land in the city, and the total number of jujube trees has soared from 4 million in the past to more than 25 million, with the annual output of dried jujube exceeding 1 100 million kg, and the annual total income of jujube industry exceeding1100 million yuan.

Leling jujube is rich in variety resources, with more than 100 jujube tree varieties, mainly including Jinsixiaozao, Seedless Jujube, Long Jujube, Round Bell Jujube, Malingzao, Sour Bell Jujube, Lingzao, Pozao, Lizao Jujube, Lying Jujube, Mopan Jujube, Dragon Claw Jujube and Dongzao, among which Jinsixiaozao accounts for more than 80%. The variety resources of Leling jujube are rich, and the superior ones are preserved. In recent years, Jinsixin 1, Jinsixin 2, Jinsixin 3, Lejin 1, Lejin 2, Leseedless 1 and Leseedless 2 have been newly bred, which has improved the yield and commodity economic value. In previous provincial appraisals, Leling jujube and seedless jujube all won gold medals.