Judging renal and urinary tract abnormalities by protein content.

Major diseases such as nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, nephrosclerosis and urinary tract infection. When the normal value [qualitative examination] is negative (-) and [quantitative examination] is lower than 100 mg per day.

What kind of inspection?

○ What is urinary protein

There is often a quantitative protein in the blood, which is indispensable for human life activities. Part of protein will be filtered into the urine in the renal fibroids, but it will be absorbed in the renal tubules and returned to the blood.

Therefore, if the function of the kidney is normal, there is only a small amount of protein in the urine, but when there is a problem with the kidney and catheter, a large amount of protein will leak out and become proteinuria. This urine protein test is called urine protein test.

○ Matters that can be understood in this inspection.

There are two methods to check urine protein: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative examination is to put reagent or test paper into urine, and check whether there is proteinuria according to the degree of discoloration. Quantitative examination is to examine the amount of protein contained in urine in one day. From these tests, we can know whether there is any obstacle to renal function.

Normal value and its change

○ Healthy people also excrete some urine proteins.

Healthy people also have a very small amount of urine protein, but as long as the test paper does not change color, it is normal to be negative (1) in qualitative examination.

In addition, the amount of urine protein below 100 mg belongs to the normal range.

In addition, even if the body is barrier-free, as long as there is strenuous exercise, cold, high spirits and great pressure, urine protein will appear.

A suspected abnormal disease.

○ Suspected positive and positive are abnormal.

When the qualitative examination is suspected to be positive (+-) or positive (+), it is considered as an abnormal value.

In addition, in the quantitative inspection, the daily value exceeding 100 mg is an abnormal value.

Some diseases are caused by the kidney itself, and some are caused by reasons other than kidney diseases.

○ Proteinuria caused by reasons other than kidney disease.

Proteinuria caused by reasons other than kidney disease is mostly benign. When you get well, proteinuria disappears.

[Thermal proteinuria] When the fever caused by diseases such as colds reaches above 38 degrees Celsius, proteinuria will occur.

[Standing proteinuria] When young people bend forward in the spine and press the blood vessels in the kidneys, proteinuria will occur. If left untreated, it will disappear automatically around the age of 30.

[Congestion kidney] Urine protein will appear when renal vein is congested, such as heart failure, but after the congestion disappears, the protein will also disappear.

○ proteinuria caused by nephropathy

When protein appears every time you have a urine test, it is obvious that you have kidney disease.

[Nephritis] Acute nephritis or chronic nephritis, the amount of urine protein in a day ranges from a small amount to dozens of grams.

[Nephrotic syndrome] One day's urine will produce more than three grams of excessive urine protein. When the symptoms are severe, protein oozing from urine will reduce the concentration of protein in blood. In addition, there are cases caused by diabetic nephropathy, acne and collagen disease.

[Nephrotic sclerosis] With nephrosclerosis caused by essential hypertension, the amount of urine protein will decrease, mostly below 300 mg.

In addition, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, gout, edema and other mercury poisoning and lead poisoning diseases will also appear urine protein.

What should I do when there is an abnormal value?

○ A diagnosis cannot be made by one examination.

When urine protein appears in the first examination, it must be checked again. When there are still abnormalities in the re-examination, urine sediment, red blood cell count and white blood cell count are needed. And it is also necessary to accurately check the kidneys and urinary tract, and then combine the systemic symptoms to diagnose whether there is kidney disease or other diseases. When you have kidney disease, you should do other renal function tests and make a comprehensive diagnosis.

○ The basic treatment lies in diet therapy.

When you are diagnosed with urinary tract infection such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephritis and nephropathy, you must keep calm and take medicine according to the doctor's advice.

When it is diagnosed as nephritis or nephropathy, renal function examination must be accepted. When the test results are not good, it is necessary to limit exercise and implement diet therapy. The treatment of renal insufficiency is basically dietotherapy, which shows that dietotherapy is very important. We must follow the doctor's advice and control the intake of salt and protein within one day.