1. Vitamin A deficiency

Definition: Also known as toad skin disease, it is a nutritional deficiency skin disease caused by lack of vitamin A;

It is more common in adolescents, more common in males than females; clinically characterized by dry skin, follicular keratin papules on the extended sides of the limbs accompanied by nocturnal stinging or corneal softening.

〖Diagnosis〗

1. Medical history

(1) More common in teenagers;

(2) Often have a partial eclipse or gastrointestinal problems Tract diseases;

(3) Generally there are no conscious symptoms;

(4) Severe cases may cause nocturnal strangulation.

2. Physical signs

(1) Rashes tend to occur on the extensor sides of the limbs, neck, back and buttocks;

(2) The skin is dry, rough, Desquamation;

(3) Conical hair follicle horny papules, which look like toad skin when densely packed;

(4) Hair is dry, loses luster, and falls off easily;

(5) Nails become brittle, and longitudinal ridges or point-like depressions appear on the nail surface;

(6) Eyes are dry, the cornea softens, and Pitt's spots of varying sizes can be seen on the outer conjunctiva of the cornea. .

3. Laboratory examination

(1) Plasma vitamin A level is less than 100 μg/L;

(2) Plasma carotene level is less than 200 μg/L L;

4. Differential diagnosis

This disease needs to be differentiated from keratosis pilaris and keratosis pilaris.

〖Treatment〗

1. Treatment principles

(1) Timely supplement of vitamin A;

(2) Remove local damage.

2. Treatment methods

(1) Diet therapy: Eat more foods rich in vitamin A, such as carrots, spinach, daylily, animal liver, milk and egg yolks, etc.;

(2) Systemic therapy: Oral or intramuscular injection of vitamin A, 10,000 units per day for mild cases; 50,000 to 80,000 units per day for severe cases; if quick effect is required , adults can intramuscularly inject 100,000 units of vitamin A daily; generally reduce the dose after 2 to 4 weeks of treatment and the condition improves, and maintain treatment for 2 to 4 months;

(3) Local therapy: topical retinoic acid cream can be used and triamcinolone urea cream, etc. to remove skin lesions, 2 to 3 times a day

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