Parthenocissus tricuspidata, also known as Dendrocalamus fasciculatus, maple vine, small insects lying on grass and so on. , belonging to Vitaceae. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is a large deciduous woody vine with small yellow-green flowers and purple-black berries in summer. Parthenocissus often climbs on walls or rocks. It is native to East Asia, Himalayas and North America, and is widely planted in China.
Parthenocissus species
1. Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Wood vines. Branchlets cylindrical, puberulent when young, glabrous after shedding. Tendrils usually have 4-6 branches, and every 2 branches are opposite to leaves. Leaves 3-lobed, inserted on short branches, central lobule obovate or obovate; Petiole is 3.5- 15 cm long, sparsely pubescent, and leaflets are almost sessile. Bifurcated cymes are planted on short branches, and the inflorescence is branched at the base, and the main axis is not obvious; Peduncle 1.5-3.5 cm long, glabrous or puberulent; Pedicel 2-3 mm long, glabrous; The bud is oval, 2-3 mm high and round at the top; Calyx discoid, margin entire, glabrous; Petals 5, oval, height 1.8-2.8 mm, glabrous; 5 stamens, filaments 0.6-0.9 mm long, anthers 0.4-0.6 mm long, ovoid; Disk not obvious; Ovary oblate, style short, stigma not enlarged. The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 cm, 1-2 grains; Seeds obovate, rounded at the top. The flowering period is May-July, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.
Gansu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet. In forests or shrubs on hillsides at an altitude of 500-3800 meters. Myanmar, Thailand, Sikkim and India are also distributed.
This species is often mixed with Parthenocissus heterophylla, but the tendrils of this species are short and thin, slightly curved without swelling, with serrated lobules and pubescence under veins, which can be distinguished. Under the cultivation conditions, the green buds of this species in spring are very different from those of other 3-lobular species, and the green buds are red or reddish.
2. Parthenocissus macrocarpa in the southeast of Yuteng
Wood vines. Branchlets cylindrical, brown or grayish brown, lenticellate, glabrous; Tendrils 2-branched, opposite to leaves. The leaves are palmately 5-lobed, thick, nearly leathery, obovate-lanceolate or obovate-elliptic, with 2-5 serrations on both sides of the upper edge, and the teeth are sparse and inconspicuous. The upper part is green and hairless, and the lower part is light green and hairless, often with white powder. Inflorescence is dichotomous cyme, covered with white powder, hairless, opposite to leaves, peduncle length 1.5-2 cm, peduncle length 3-6 mm; The flower bud is oblong, 2-3.5 cm high; Calyx cup-shaped, margin entire; Five petals, about 3 mm high, stick together when the bud first blooms, and then unfold and fall off; 5 stamens, 3-3.8 mm long, yellow anthers, oblong, about 2 mm long; The pistil is 2-2.5 mm long, the style gradually narrows, and the stigma does not increase significantly. The fruit is round, purple and sweet. The seeds are pear-shaped and the cross section of endosperm is M-shaped. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is10-65438+February.
Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. It grows in the valley forest or bushes at the forest edge on the hillside, climbs trees or spreads on the edge of rocks or fields on the hillside, with an altitude of 100-900 meters.
The fruit of this species is 2.5 cm in diameter and has a thick pulp layer on the sunny slope with thick soil layer. Local residents in northern Guangdong are picky eaters. The fruit is sweet and sour, but the pulp contains mucus. Eating more will irritate the throat.
3. Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Wood vines. Branchlets cylindrical, glabrous. Tendrils are 5-9 branches, opposite to leaves every 2 segments. The top of tendrils is slender and curly when tender, and expands into a sucker shape after encountering attachments. The leaves are palmately 5 leaflets, and the leaflets are obovoid, obovoid or lateral leaflets. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal to form a conical cyme with obvious main axis, 8-20 cm long; Peduncle 3-5 cm long, glabrous; Pedicel length 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous; The bud is oval, 2-3 mm high and round at the top; Calyx discoid, margin entire, glabrous; Petals 5, oblong, high 1.7-2.7 mm, glabrous; 5 stamens, filaments 0.6-0.8 mm long, anthers oval, 1.2- 1.8 mm long; Disk not obvious; Ovary ovoid. The fruit is spherical; Seeds obovate, rounded at the top. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from August to June.
Cultivation in Northeast China and North China. Native to North America. Recently, it can be introduced to the Yangtze River basin in the south, growing well, and it is an excellent urban vertical greening plant variety.
4. Parthenocissus heterophylla
Alias: Parthenocissus heterophylla, rattan, snake on the tree, rattan with white flowers.
Wood vines. Branchlets cylindrical, glabrous. The total shape of tendrils is 5-8 branches, which are opposite to leaves every 2 segments. When the tendrils at the top are tender, they expand into beads, and then expand into suction cups when they meet attachments. Two kinds of leaves, usually 3 leaflets are inserted on short branches, smaller single leaves are often inserted on long branches, and the leaves of single leaves are oval. The inflorescence is pseudoterminal at the top of short branches, with branches at the base, and the main axis is not obvious, forming a cyme with a length of 3-12 cm; Peduncle 0-3 cm long, glabrous; Bracteoles are ovate, long 1.5-2 mm, wide 1-2 mm, with sharp tips and no hair; Pedicel 1-2 mm long, glabrous; The bud is 2-3 mm high and the top is round; Calyx discoid, undulate or nearly entire, glabrous outside; Petals 4, obovate-elliptic, 65438 0.5-2.7 mm high, glabrous; 5 stamens, filaments 0.4-0.9 mm long, lower part slightly wider, anthers yellow, ovoid or ovoid, 0.7-65438 0.5 mm long; Disk not obvious; The ovary is nearly spherical, the style is short, and the stigma is not obviously enlarged. The fruit is nearly spherical and purple-black when ripe; Seeds obovate. The flowering period is May to July, and the fruiting period is July-165438+1October.
Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou. Cliff, steep wall, hillside or valley, forest or shrub, 200-3800 meters above sea level.
This kind of tendrils, when mature, attract trees in cliffs or forests and climb to the upper layer of forest canopy in a disc shape, with strong absorption ability and many side branches. In autumn, the leaves are bright red and beautiful, which is of great ornamental value. It can be introduced into cities in central and eastern China for cultivation, especially suitable for vertical greening of cities.
5. Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Alias: Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Wood vines. Branchlets are cylindrical and rusty, and old branches often have cork wings. The tendrils are 5-9 branched, opposite to the leaves every 2 nodes, and the top of the tendrils swells into beads when tender, and swells into suction cups when encountering attachments. Leaves simple, 3-lobed, usually inserted on short branches, or with small undivided leaves on long branches, usually obovate. Inflorescence is inserted on extremely short lateral branches, which are1.5-5cm long, and the lateral branches of inflorescence are simplified; The total pedicel is 0.7-2.5 cm long and is ferruginous pubescent; Pedicel 0.5- 1.5 mm long, almost glabrous; The bud is obovate, 3-4 mm high and round at the top; Calyx discoid, with wavy edges, glabrous; Petals 5, oblong, 2.7-3.7 mm high, glabrous; 5 stamens, filaments 0.8- 1.5 mm, anthers 1- 1.8 mm; Disk not obvious; The ovary is oval, the style is obvious, the base is slightly thick, and the stigma is not obviously enlarged. Fruit is spherical. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is September-165438+1October.
Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou. On the cliff of the sacred hillside, the altitude is 500- 1000 meters.
This species has flat lateral branches and strong attachment ability of sucker. In autumn, leaves turn purple, which is very beautiful. It is not only an excellent tree species for urban high-rise greening, but also an ornamental plant with high value.
6. The great cause of southern Jiangsu
Alias: Sunan Daye (Yunnan Tonghai), Jinzhubao (Yunnan Tonghai), Qingzhubao (Yunnan Yuxi), Shaoguo Shanlong, Banshulong (Yunnan Yuanjiang), Guojianglong, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Xiaonansu (Yunnan) and Evergreen (Yunnan Jiangchuan).
Epiphytic vines are 8- 12 mm thick, light green, and the internodes are 2-5 cm long. It has fleshy aerial roots attached to stone walls or bark. Branches are often short and numerous. Petiole length 10-20cm, grooved ventral surface, round back, light green. Inflorescence terminal, petiole 8- 10 cm long, erect, top bent downward, with linear bracts 6-7 cm wide at the base, caducous. The tongue depressor is oval or rectangular, 7-9 cm long, with a beak about 65438 0 cm long at the top, which is yellow outside and red inside. Spikes are sessile, cylindrical, 5.5-8 cm long, accounting for more than 4/5 of the total length of the spatula, and 1- 1.2 cm thick, light yellow or dirty yellow, and light blue-purple. Stamens are shorter than pistils, filaments are wider, ends are slightly narrower, anthers are oval, obtuse and slightly exposed; Ovary corner column, 2 mm long and wide, quadrangular or hexagonal at the top, small, rectangular and slightly convex stigma. Flowering: September -65438+ 10.
Located in northwest Yunnan, Nujiang River and Lancang River basins, east to Jiangchuan and Tonghai in central Yunnan, with an altitude of 1, 800-2,800 meters. Attached to the trunk or cliff of evergreen broad-leaved forest and temple forest on the hillside. Sikkim, northeastern India, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and kalimantan island are also distributed.
The whole plant can be used as medicine to continue tendons and bones, promote blood circulation and moisten lungs, and relieve cough; Treating fracture, traumatic injury, rheumatic numbness, pharyngeal swelling, angina pectoris, bronchitis, asthma and whooping cough (Yuxi, Yunnan).
7.Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Alias: Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Compendium of Materia Medica), Rattan Tea (Textual Research on Plant Names), Red Grapevine (List of Plants in China, Diltu), Paqiang Tiger (Nanjing), Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Handbook of Economic Plants).
Wood vines. Branchlets cylindrical, almost glabrous or puberulent. Tendrils have 5-9 branches, which are opposite to leaves every 2 nodes. Tendrils swell into beads when they are tender, and then swell into suction cups when they meet attachments. Simple leaves, usually 3-lobed on short branches, sometimes small but not cleft on long branches, and leaves are usually obovate. Inflorescence is inserted on short branches, branched at the base, forming a cyme, 2.5- 12.5 cm long, and the main axis is not obvious; Peduncle 1-3.5 cm long, almost glabrous; Pedicel 2-3 mm long, glabrous; The bud is obovate, 2-3 mm high and round at the top; Calyx discoid, margin entire or undulate, glabrous; Petals 5, oblong, 65438 0.8-2.7 mm high, glabrous; There are 5 stamens, the filaments are about 65438 0.5-2.4 mm long, the anthers are oval, 0.7-65438 0.4 mm long, and the disk is not obvious; The ovary is oval, the style is obvious, the base is thick, and the stigma is not enlarged. The fruit is spherical; The seeds are obovate with rounded tips. The flowering period is May-August, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.
Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces. Rock wall or shrub on original slope, elevation150-1200m. Korea and Japan are also distributed.
This species has long been a famous vertical greening plant with dense branches and many oblique branches; Roots used as medicine can dispel blood stasis and reduce swelling.
8. Tree climbing dragon
Alias: Climbing Tree Dragon (Simao, Honghe, Yunnan), Mountain Dragon, Green Bamboo Label, Old Serpentine, Big Qinglong (Honghe, Yunnan), River Dragon, Mountain Dragon, Parthenocissus (Yuanjiang, Yunnan), Big Bamboo Label (Tonghai, Zheng Jiang), Big Green Snake, Big Jade Poison (Qujing, Yunnan), and Wan Zhangjiajie (Yunnan)
Epiphytic vines are stout, 3-5 cm thick, green on the back, yellow on the ventral surface, ring-shaped, 1-3 mm wide, yellow-green, fleshy and aerial rooted, and the internodes are 1-2 cm long. The leaves on the young branches are round. Inflorescence axillary, stout stalk, green, cylindrical,10-20cm long and1.5-3cm thick. The spathe is fleshy, yellow on both sides, slightly light in edge, oval, long 17-20cm, wide 10- 12cm. It's in bud and unfolds into a boat when it blooms. Spike sessile, gray-green, cylindrical, 15- 16 cm long, 2-3 cm thick, obtuse at the top and inclined at the base. Staminal filaments are linear, narrow at the base, about 5 mm long, anthers are yellow, oblong and less than 1 mm; The ovary is a hexagonal cone, 5 mm long and 3 mm wide at the top. The style is obvious and about 65438 0 cm long. The stigma is oblong, erect and yellow. There are a large number of ovules in each locule, and the suspensor is slender and attached to the placenta of the lateral membrane formed by the diaphragm. The fruit sequence is thick rod-shaped; Berries are tapered and wedge-shaped, green and white, white and transparent or yellow. The peel is thick and rich in colorless mucus. The flowering period is May-August, and the fruit ripens in summer and autumn of the following year.
Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, southeastern Tibet, below 2200 meters above sea level, common in evergreen broad-leaved forests in monsoon forest and subtropical valleys, crawling on the ground, rocks, or clinging to tree trunks. Sikkim, Bangladesh, northeastern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and Java, Indonesia are all distributed.
Stems and leaves can be used as medicine to set bones, reduce swelling, clear away heat and toxic materials, stop bleeding, relieve pain and cough; Indications: traumatic injury, fracture, snake bite, carbuncle swelling, pertussis in children, sore throat, common cold, rheumatic lumbago and leg pain (Yunnan).
9. Lithocarpus chinensis
Alias names: Shiganzi (Sichuan), Dendrocalamus japonicus (Guangxi Shangsi), Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Nanning, Guangxi), Wind Paralysis Medicine, Tree Viper, Tree Gourd (Jinxiu, Guangxi), Liubaofeng (Beiliu, Guangxi), Bayanxiang, Green Cucurbita Tea, Stone Gourd (Cangwu, Guangxi), Ma Lian An (Ningming, Guangxi), and Caulis Stemonae. Shiguaner (Hejiang, Guizhou), Guandaocao (Eshan, Guizhou), Yao Yao (Yingde, Guangdong), Diancaocao (Cangyuan, Yunnan)
Rattan, 0.4-6 meters long. The stems are sub-woody, light brown, nearly cylindrical, with longitudinal stripes, about 2 cm thick, with internodes 1-4 cm long, and aerial roots grow on nodes 1-3 cm; Branching, the lower part of the branch often has 1 scale; Scales are linear, 4-8 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, acute and have many parallel longitudinal veins. The leaves are papery, the surface is dark green when fresh, the back is light green, the surface is yellow-green after drying, and the back is light yellow and oval. Inflorescence axillary, with 4-5(-6) bracts at the base; Bracts ovate, 5 mm long, upper part gradually enlarged, with many longitudinal veins; Peduncle 0.8- 1.8(-2) cm long; The spatula is oval, green, 8 mm long, 10(- 15) mm wide and sharp. Spikes are short, oval to subglobose, light green and light yellow, 7-8(- 1 1) mm long, 5-6(- 10) mm thick, and peduncle 3-5(-8) mm long. Berries are yellow-green to red, oval or oblong, about 1 cm long. There are four seasons in the flower and fruit period.
It is found in moist forests below 2400 meters above sea level in Taiwan Province, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, and often climbs on rocks or epiphytes on tree trunks. Vietnam, Laos and Thailand also have it.
10. Duchenne grass
Alias: single grass (plant taxonomy) rock flower, small rock flower, mountain bud grass, Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Hebei)
Herbs perennial, 12-28 cm tall. Rhizomes are stout, with buds and brown scales. Leaves are basal, 2-3 pieces; Leaf blade is heart-shaped to ovoid, 3.8-9.7(-25.5) cm long and 3.4-9(-22) cm wide, with short apex, irregular teeth on the edge, heart-shaped base, nearly hairless ventral surface, glandular hairs on the back and edge, and petiole length1.5-6544. Scape unbranched, densely glandular hairy. Cymes are 5-65438 06 cm long; Spend more money; Bract-like; Pedicels are 0.3- 1 cm long, densely covered with glandular hairs, and sometimes the hairs are extremely sparse; Sepals 5-7, varying in size, ovate to narrowly ovate, 2-4.2 mm long and 0.5-2 mm wide, with acute or short acuminate apex, entire, multi-veined and glabrous; Stamens 10- 13, 3. 1-3.3 mm long; Carpels 2, ca. 4 mm long, connate at the base; Ovary nearly superior, style about 2 mm long. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to September.
Western Liaoning, Hebei and eastern Shanxi. Born in the wet crevices of valleys and cliffs at an altitude of 590-2050 meters. The type specimens were collected from Beijing (near Longquan Temple and Xiyu Temple).
1 1. Stone blood
Alias: Stone Blood (textual research on plant name) Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Jiangsu, Anhui, Shaanxi); Jasmine vine (Zhejiang); Tiexin (Guizhou); Jiuqingteng (Guangxi); Iron railings (Guizhou); Jia (Guizhou Miao language); Gable (Tibet)
Evergreen woody vines; The stem bark is brown and the shoots are yellow; Stems and branches climb trees, rocks or walls with air roots. The leaves are opposite, short-stalked, shaped, usually lanceolate, 4-8 cm long and 0.5-3 cm wide, with dark green leaves, light green back, glabrous leaves and sparse hairs on the back; The lateral veins are flat on both sides. White flowers; Sepals oblong, sparse outside; The corolla is saucer-shaped, the middle of corolla tube is swollen, the outside is hairless and the inside is pilose; Anthers include; Ovary 2 carpels free; Disk shorter than ovary. _ _ Twin, linear-lanceolate, length17cm, width 0.8cm; The seeds are linear-lanceolate, with white filiform seed hairs at the top; The seed hair is 4 cm long. It blooms in summer and bears fruit in autumn.
Distributed in Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and other provinces. In Shan Ye, they are usually born on rocks and climb on walls or trees. The type specimens were collected from Nanjing, Jiangsu.
Roots, stems and leaves are used as medicine to tonify deficiency and relieve pain, which has the effect of detoxification.
12. the blood of the dragon's palm
Alias: Dragon Blood Tree (textual research on plant name), Yellow Flesh Tree (Taiwan Province Province), Sanbaibang (Hunan and Guizhou), Salvation, Sanwenteng, Niuma _, Chicken Claw _, Huang Dajingen, _ Hook (Guangdong), Mountain Tiger, Xiaojinteng, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Snake Skin _, Oil Woman _, Thrushcross and so on.
The old stem has a thick cork layer and yellow-gray convex lenticels that split longitudinally. The lenticels on the 34-year-old branches are round and small, and there are many sharp thorns on the stems and leaves. The tips of annual shoots have short brown or red rust hairs, or are densely covered with short gray hairs. Leaflets are sessile, dense and transparent oil spots can be seen under light perspective, and they have the aroma similar to citrus leaves, oval, obovate, ovoid or obovate. Pedicel is very short, with small scaly bracts at the base and yellow-white flowers; Sepals are less than 65438 0 mm long, with short hairs on the edge; Petals 2-3.5 mm long; Male inflorescence is corymbose panicle; The female inflorescence is a thyrse. The fruit is orange-red or vermilion, with a diameter of 8- 10 mm or slightly larger, with 4-8 longitudinal shallow grooves, which are very obvious after drying; The seed is 5-6 mm long and about 4 mm thick. The seed coat is brownish black with tiny teeth. The flowering period is almost the whole year, in the south of Wuling, more than in spring and along the Yangtze River, and more than in summer. The fruiting period is mostly in autumn and winter.
The whole plant is used as herbal medicine, and its roots are used more. It tastes bitter and numb. Warm in nature, low in toxicity, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, expelling wind and removing dampness, and relieving swelling and pain. Treat common cold, stomachache, intercostal neuralgia, rheumatic bone pain, traumatic injury, hemoptysis, etc.
The root bark decoction is made into injection, and intramuscular injection or acupoint injection is carried out at the painful part, which has a good effect on chronic low back and leg pain.
13. Acer negundo
Alias: Acer negundo (Journal of Plant Taxonomy), Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Liaoning)
Herbs perennial, 20-36 cm tall. Rhizomes are stout with dark brown scales. Leaves are basal and have long stems; The leaves are broadly ovoid to suborbicular, with a length of10-14.3cm, a width of12-14.5cm, a palmately 5-7(-9) split to a deep part, suborbicular lobes, a sharp apex, serrated edges and hairless on both sides; Petiole 7- 15.5 cm long, glabrous. Scapes are covered with tawny glandular hairs. Divergent cymes are 9- 13.5 cm long and have many flowers; Inflorescence branches as long as 10 cm; Pedicels and hypanthium are covered with yellowish brown glandular hairs; Hypanthium inner wall, only the base and ovary healed; Sepals narrowly ovate-oblong, 3-5 mm long and 2 mm wide, glabrous and single-veined; Petals white, lanceolate, about 2.5 mm long, about 65438 0 mm wide, single vein; Stamens ca. 2mm； 2 carpels, about 4 mm long, connate at the lower part; The ovary is half bad. The capsule is about 7.5 mm long, with the top of the petal bending outward and the fruit stalk bending; There are many kinds of seeds. Chromosome 2n=34. Flowering and fruiting period may-July.
Jilin and Liaoning. Born in a gap in the valley. North Korea also has it. Combined type specimens were collected from northeast China and South Korea.
14. Yu Teng (Yunnan Institute of Botany) Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Handbook of Economic Plants)
Wood vines. Branchlets cylindrical, brown, shoots slightly ribbed, glabrous; Tendrils 2-branched, separated by 2 lobes, opposite to leaves. Leaves palmately 5-lobed, herbaceous, lobules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence is a dichotomous cyme, opposite to leaves, glabrous; Calyx discoid, margin entire, glabrous; 5 petals, 4 sparse, 3-3.5 mm high, hairless, bonded in bud stage, and then unfolded and fell off, 5 stamens, 4 sparse, about 2.5 mm long, anthers oblong, about 65438 0.5 mm long; The pistil is about 3 mm long, the style is thin, and the stigma is not obviously enlarged. The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1- 1.3 cm, purple-black, light and sweet. The seed is pear-shaped, 5-6 mm long and 4 mm wide, with a slightly concave top. The umbilical cord on the back reaches the middle of the seed, and the depressions on both sides of the ventral surface reach 2/3 of the seed from the base, with no obvious transverse edges around, and the cross section of the endosperm is M-shaped. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-September.
Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangxi, southeastern Guizhou, Hunan, southwestern Fujian and southeastern Sichuan. Climb trees in the forest on the hillside, at an altitude of 250- 1300m. It is also distributed in Mount Assam, India and central Nepal.
Root medicine is used to treat arthritis and other diseases.
15. Parthenocissus parviflora (handbook of economic plants), Parthenocissus parviflora (name of Abraham seed plant)
Wood vines. Branchlets conspicuously quadrangular, glabrous. The total shape of tendrils is 4-7 branches, which are opposite to leaves every 2 segments. When the tendrils at the top are tender, they will expand into blocks, and when they meet attachments, they will expand into suction cups. The leaves are palmately 5 leaflets, and the leaflets are obovate, obovate oblong or broadly obovate-lanceolate. Conical cymes have obvious main axis, pseudo-terminal, and often degenerate small leaves in inflorescences; Peduncle 1.5-9 cm long, glabrous; Pedicel 0.5- 1.5 mm long, glabrous; The bud is oval or nearly spherical, with a height of 1-2.2 mm and a round top; Calyx discoid, margin entire, glabrous; Petals 5, oblong, 0.8-2 mm high, glabrous; 5 stamens, filaments 0.7-0.9 mm long, anthers 0.9- 1. 1 mm long; Disk not obvious; The ovary is oval, the base of the style is slightly smaller than the top of the ovary or the boundary is extremely inconspicuous, and the stigma is inconspicuous or slightly enlarged. The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 0.8- 1 cm and 3 seeds 1-3. Seeds obovate, rounded at the top. The flowering period is May-July, and the fruiting period is 8-65438+1October.
Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. On the rocks of forests in valleys or hillsides, the altitude is160-1500m.
This species is similar to P.laetevirensRehd., but the stem of this species is square, the leaf surface is bubble-free, the lateral leaflets are serrated above the middle of the edge, and the leaves are hairless, which can be distinguished. In windy environment, the sucker is not easy to attach in the early stage, and it is not easy to fall off once it is attached in windy environment. Autumn leaves are bright red, and some natural groups have faint veins on their leaves, forming spots, which are very beautiful. It is an excellent low-level greening foliage plant.
16. Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Journal of Plant Taxonomy), Parthenocissus tricuspidata (name of Abraham's seed plant)
Wood vines. Branchlets are cylindrical or have prominent longitudinal edges, pubescent when tender, and later shed glabrous. The tendrils are 5- 10 branches, which are opposite to the leaves every two segments. When the tendrils are tender, the top of the tendrils expands into a block, and then it expands into a sucker when it meets attachments. The leaves are palmately 5 leaflets, and the leaflets are obovate oblong or obovate-lanceolate. Divergent cymes are conical, 6- 15 cm long, with obvious central axis, pseudo-terminal, and often degenerate leaflets in inflorescences; Peduncle 0.5-4 cm long, pubescent; Pedicel 2-3 mm long, glabrous; The bud is oval or slightly obovate, 2-3 mm high and rounded at the top; Calyx discoid, margin entire, glabrous; Petals 5, oval, 65438 0.6-2.6 mm high, glabrous; 5 stamens, filament length 1.4-2.4 mm, glabrous; 5 stamens, filament length 1.4-2.4 mm, lower part slightly wider, anther oblong, length 1.6-2.6 mm; Disk not obvious; The ovary is nearly spherical, the style is obvious, the base is slightly thick, and the stigma is not obviously enlarged. The fruit is spherical, with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 cm, 1-4 grains; Seeds obovate, rounded at the top. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is September-165438+1October.
Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. Born in mountain forests or thickets on mountain slopes, climbing trees or cliffs, at an altitude of 140- 1 100 meters. The type specimens were collected from Wushan, Sichuan.
The growth environment of Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Parthenocissus tricuspidata likes humid environment, is not afraid of strong light, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant, and has extremely wide adaptability to climate. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is resistant to pruning and afraid of water accumulation. It can thrive in humid environment or sunny place, and it grows best in humid and fertile soil. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is easy to walk, occupies less land, grows fast and has a large green coverage area. If you plant sugarcane with a rhizome of 2 cm for more than two years, the green coverage area of the wall can reach 30 ~ 50 square meters.
Garden value of Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Parthenocissus tricuspidata stems and leaves are thick, covering the walls of houses, which can block out strong light, and the air flow between the leaves and the walls can also reduce the indoor temperature. Parthenocissus tricuspidata has strong resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide. As a barrier, it can absorb both noise and flying dust. Parthenocissus tricuspidata's tendril sucker can also absorb water from the wall, which is beneficial to dry and humid houses; In the dry season, Parthenocissus tricuspidata can increase humidity.
Medicinal value of Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Parthenocissus tricuspidata has high medicinal value, and its roots and stems can be used as medicine. It is warm, sweet and astringent, and has the effects of expelling wind and dredging collaterals, promoting blood circulation and detoxicating, activating collaterals and stopping bleeding, rheumatic joint pain, traumatic injury and detumescence. Parthenocissus tricuspidata can be decocted in water or soaked in wine for oral administration; Appropriate amount for external use, mashed root bark, and applied to the affected area with wine. In addition, the fruit of Parthenocissus tricuspidata can also be used to make wine.
Greening advantages of Parthenocissus tricuspidata
1, Parthenocissus tricuspidata has very strong climbing absorption ability. It has roots and suckers, and can be firmly attached to flat brick walls, cement walls and stone slopes to thrive.
2. Parthenocissus tricuspidata has extremely tenacious vitality, wide adaptability and strong resistance, and can grow and breed in places with extremely thin soil layers and harsh natural environment to seize territory.
Parthenocissus tricuspidata grows rapidly. Generally, the newly planted Parthenocissus tricuspidata at the foot of the wall can grow 2 ~ 3 meters every year, and the branch length can be increased by 4 ~ 5 meters from the second year, and 5 ~ 12 branches can be grown, which shows that the growth is very rapid.
4. The green coverage effect of Parthenocissus tricuspidata is very good. No matter how high and wide the wall is, Parthenocissus tricuspidata can climb the whole wall. If conditions permit, a variety of creepers can be planted at the foot of the wall, especially after climbing the wall, which can become a green curtain, and the greening effect is more distinctive.
Pest control of Parthenocissus tricuspidata
The main diseases of Parthenocissus tricuspidata are powdery mildew, leaf spot and anthracnose, and aphid is the most common harm. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is very resistant to pests and diseases In rainy season, due to high temperature and humidity, powdery mildew, leaf spot, anthracnose and other diseases are prone to occur. When encountering diseases, it is possible to spray drugs in a timely and appropriate amount. Pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled by corresponding pesticides.