Abstract: In recent years, more and more friends like to grow some vegetables at home. While greening the environment, they can also harvest vegetables that are truly pollution-free and pollution-free. However, traditional soil-grown vegetables are difficult to manage and easily pollute the home environment. Therefore, many friends have begun to choose soilless cultivation of vegetables. So what are the methods for growing vegetables at home without soil? Which vegetables are suitable for home soilless cultivation? Next, let’s take a look at the introduction! Vegetable varieties suitable for planting on the home balcony
Vegetable varieties suitable for growing on the home balcony are divided into leafy vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables.
1. Leafy vegetables
There are two types of harvesting: long-season harvesting and short-season harvesting. Varieties suitable for long-season planting include purple-backed geranium, white cabbage, green leaf kale, leaf beet, celery, watercress and other varieties. They can be harvested one after another with a harvest period of 3 to 6 months.
Suitable for short-season planting include butter lettuce, purple leaf lettuce, Rosa lettuce, Romaine lettuce, large lettuce, red oak leaf lettuce, green oak leaf lettuce, yellow heart endive, and large lettuce. Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, middle-leaf chrysanthemum, red-stem beet, yellow-stem beet, white-stem beet, celery, water celery, green rape, purple rape, komatsuna, watercress, water spinach, white-stem Kyoto mizuna, golden thread There are more than 20 kinds of leafy vegetables such as mustard greens and egg-leaf lettuce.
Harvest once 25 to 30 days after planting, and the weight of a single plant is 150 to 200g; the outer leaves can also be peeled off and harvested multiple times. The colors include red, yellow, dark green, light green, and purple. Citizens can plant vegetables of several colors on one device to form different styles of landscapes.
2. Fruit and vegetables
Mainly include tomatoes, cherry tomatoes, bunch tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, colored peppers, mini cucumbers, ornamental pumpkins, babe pumpkins, zucchini, Melon, pocket watermelon, etc.
Techniques for using balcony vegetable planting devices
1. Equipment preparation
Discarded plastic cups with holes punched in the bottom are used for seedling cultivation. Plastic flower pot or Styrofoam box (with holes in the bottom) with a tray on the bottom. Don't use a clay pot. 0.5 kilograms of ceramic gravel and 1-2 kilograms of perlite (available in building materials stores), vermiculite, peat, and rock wool are all acceptable. Concentrated nutrient solution is divided into No. 1 and No. 2, which must be diluted comprehensively before use. 2 empty plastic bottles (for diluting nutrient solution).
2. Cultivate strong seedlings
(1) Seed disinfection
Generally, seeds bought from the market are treated by soaking them in warm soup. Soak the seeds in hot water at 60°C for 10 to 15 minutes, then lower the water temperature to 30°C, continue soaking for 3 to 5 hours, and then take them out to dry. For seeds whose surface is unclean, has been left for a long time, or has been contaminated, the medicinal solution soaking method can be used. Generally, 100 times formalin solution is commonly used. First, soak the seeds in clean water for 3 to 5 hours, then soak them in the medicinal solution for 20 minutes, take them out and rinse them with clean water.
(2) Sowing
Prepare several 72 or 128-hole plastic plug trays for seedling cultivation, using peat and vermiculite as the substrate. The preparation ratio is 2:1, which saves seeds. , the seedlings bred are still strong. Before sowing, water the plugs thoroughly and scatter the dry seeds. After sowing, cover them with a 0.8~1.0cm thick substrate, and then cover them with a layer of plastic sheeting, mainly to increase warmth and moisturize.
(3) Seedling management
When the seedlings are unearthed 3 to 5 days after sowing, the plastic sheet can be removed in time, and then cover with a layer of 0.5cm when there is no water vapor on the seedlings. Thick substrate. After emergence, watering should be properly controlled to prevent excessive growth. However, after 3 to 4 days, water should be sprayed with a watering can to both cool down and prevent the seedlings from being dehydrated due to evaporation. During the seedling raising period, the temperature should not be too high. The suitable temperature during the day is 20 to 25°C. The temperature at night is about 10℃. When the seedlings grow to 2 to 4 true leaves, they can be planted in 20 to 25 days.
(4) Transplanting
When the seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves, lift the seedlings out, rinse the soil around the roots with water, and be careful not to damage the roots as much as possible before transplanting. into the hole.
After transplanting, the home balcony device starts immediately. The time for supplying nutrient solution is determined according to the season. Generally, in summer and autumn, the indoor temperature is high and the seedlings evaporate a lot, so they need more water. The timer is set to start working from 8:00 in the morning to 22:00 every night. :00, stop at 20 minutes each cycle, stop for 2 hours; in winter and spring, the indoor temperature is low, the evaporation is small, and less water is needed. Adjust the timer time to 10 minutes per cycle and stop for 2 hours.
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Management after transplanting
(1) Temperature requirements
Due to the Most of the vegetables are leafy vegetables, which are semi-cold-resistant vegetables. During the growth period, the plants must grow under suitable environmental conditions. During the growth period, the temperature should not be too high. 20~25℃ during the day and 10~12℃ at night are most suitable. Fully enclosed balconies also have higher temperatures in winter and are less subject to temperature restrictions. Vegetables can be grown basically all year round.
(2) Light adjustment
The orientation of the balcony depends on the lighting conditions of the balcony. It is best to choose a south-facing, sunny balcony for the balcony vegetable garden. The south-facing balcony is full of sunshine. , well ventilated, and is the most ideal balcony for growing vegetables. Almost all vegetables grow best in full sunlight, so generally vegetables can be grown on a south-facing balcony all year round.
(3) Nutrient solution management
After the seedlings emerge, pour diluted nutrient solution 1-2 times a day, using the seepage liquid in the tray as appropriate. Vegetable seedlings. When the seedlings grow 2 leaves, start thinning them out, leaving only one seedling in each hole, and remove any excess seedlings. Repot. When the seedlings grow to have 3-5 true leaves, they need to be repotted. First lay a layer of soaked clay gravel at the bottom of the pot to facilitate drainage, then spread perlite, transplant the seedlings together with the substrate into the large pot, and finally cover the perlite with a layer of clay gravel. After changing the pot, pour the liquid. The first time, the liquid should be poured thoroughly so that it can seep out from the tray. Pouring liquid. Leafy vegetables should be watered with liquid once every 2 days and watered twice a day. Fruits and vegetables should not be watered but only liquid should be watered twice a day.
(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases
Home vegetable gardens are a form of soilless cultivation with strong plant growth, light pests and diseases, and are clean and hygienic. Here are 2 homemade natural insect repellent solutions suitable for home vegetable gardens.
① Spicy plant extract. Take an appropriate amount of basil, scallions, onions, garlic, etc. and boil it with 500 liters of water. Let it cool and then spray it on the plants with a small watering can. Used to control aphids, red spider mites, ants and other pests.
②Wine vinegar liquid. Mix 1mL of edible vinegar + 1mL of rice wine + 1L of water. You can also spray vinegar diluted 50 times with water, or mix it with garlic liquid or chili liquid. It has the function of preventing diseases.
Vegetable Harvesting
The upper shoots and leaves can be harvested about 30 days after planting. Be careful not to harvest too much at one time to avoid affecting growth. Such as purple-backed geranium, large-leaf chrysanthemum, water spinach, etc.; all kinds of loose-leaf lettuce, leaf beet, etc., the outer leaves should be harvested in batches for consumption.