1, cucumber:
Cucumber is an annual creeping or climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae. Also known as cucurbit and cucumber. Stems and branches are elongated, furrowed, and are white and coarse. Tendrils are thin. Petiole slightly rough, with coarse hairs; Leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, membranous, lobes triangular, dentate. Monoecious. Male flowers: constant flowers clustered in leaf axils; Pedicel slender, puberulent; Corolla yellow-white, corolla lobes oblong-lanceolate. Female flowers: solitary or sparsely clustered; Pedicel stout, pilose; The ovary is rough. The fruit is oblong or cylindrical, yellow-green when ripe, and the surface is rough. The seeds are small, narrowly ovate, white, borderless, and both ends are nearly acute. Flower and fruit period in summer.
Temperature management: Cucumber cultivated in early spring is mainly used for heat preservation and cold protection in the early stage. Generally, it takes about 7 days to slow down the seedlings without outdoor air before slow down the seedlings. Various measures are taken to increase the night temperature and promote slow down the seedlings. It takes about 20 days from the slow seedling to the root melon setting stage, and the temperature should be properly controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and 12- 16℃ at night to prevent overgrowth. The temperature should be properly controlled at 25-30℃ in the daytime and 16- 18℃ at night during the full fruit-bearing period.
Fertilizer and water management and intertillage: the ground temperature is low in early spring, and the planting water should be appropriately small. After the seedlings are delayed, the seedlings should be watered, then intertillage and squat. After harvesting the root melon, water it, and then water it every five days. It is best to water it in sunny morning, and water it once after the rainstorm in summer. Ventilation in time after watering to reduce the air humidity in the shed. Topdressing can be applied 1-2 times from planting to root melon harvesting, and once every 7- 10 days in the full fruiting period. Diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate are used alternately, and can also be applied with irrigation.
Hanging vines and pruning: when the cucumber grows to 5 knots, hang the seedlings or chajia in time, then wrap or tie the seedlings every 2-3 days, and remove all the lateral branches and tendrils in time. Pinch or twist the tips when the cucumber seedlings approach the plastic film. Knock out the diseased old leaves at the lower part in time.
2. Zucchini:
Zucchini annual creeping herb; The stem is furrowed. Petiole stout, short setose; The leaves are hard, erect, triangular, curved and semicircular, with dark green on the top and light color on the bottom, and the veins are rough on both sides. Tendrils are slightly stout. Monoecious. Male flowers are solitary; Pedicel stout, angular, short yellow-brown bristles; Calyx lobes linearly lanceolate; Corolla yellow, sharp tip; Staminal filament length 15 mm, anthers connivent. Female flowers are solitary, and the ovary is ovate. The fruit stalk is stout, with obvious furrows, and the fruit pedicle becomes thicker or slightly enlarged. The shape of fruit varies with varieties; The seeds are oval, white, about 20 mm long, and the edges are arched and obtuse.
3, eggplant melon:
Eggplant and melon, also known as ginseng fruit, melon and eggplant, can also be called fairy fruit, fragrant pear and colourful fruit. Eggplant fruits are mostly heart-shaped and oval in shape. When they are mature, the peel is golden yellow, some with purple stripes, with elegant fragrance, fresh and juicy pulp and unique flavor.
Besides high protein, low sugar and low fat, it is also rich in vitamin C and many trace elements necessary for human body, especially selenium and calcium, which are much higher than other fruits and vegetables. Therefore, eggplant and melon have the functions of anti-cancer, anti-aging, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, diminishing inflammation, supplementing calcium and beautifying. It can also be processed into fruit juice, beverage, oral liquid, canned food and other products, which has great development value. The fruit of a plant originated from the northern foot of the Andes in South America is widely planted in China. Its original name is "Qigua", and now it is commonly called "Qigua" in all parts of China.
4, loofah:
Luffa is an annual climbing vine of Cucurbitaceae. Stems and branches are rough, ribbed and puberulent. Tendrils slightly stout, pubescent, usually 2-4-pronged. Petiole rough, subglabrous; Leaf blade triangular or suborbicular, usually palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes triangular, dark green above, rough, warty, light green below, pubescent, palmately veined, with white pubescence. Monoecious. Male flowers usually 15-20 flowers, born in the upper part of raceme; Stamens are usually 5, slightly close at the beginning of flower opening, and finally completely separated. The female flower is solitary, and the pedicel is 2- 10 cm long; Ovary long cylindrical, pilose, stigma enlarged. The fruit is cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, with smooth surface, usually with dark longitudinal stripes, fleshy when it is immature, dry when it is ripe, and reticular fibers inside. The seeds are numerous, black, oval, smooth, and narrowly winged. Flower and fruit period: summer and autumn. ?
It is widely cultivated in the south and north of China. It is also widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions of the world. There is wild in southern Yunnan, but the fruit is short and small. Fruit is a summer vegetable. When it is ripe, the reticular fiber inside is called loofah, which can be used instead of sponge to wash stoves and furniture. It can also be used for medicine, and has the effects of cooling, diuresis, blood circulation, menstruation and detoxification.
5, bitter gourd:
Momordica charantia L. belongs to the genus Momordica in Cucurbitaceae. It is an annual climbing tender herb with many branches. Stems and branches are pilose. Tendrils are slender and undivided. Petiole slender; Leaf blade membranous, green on top, pale green on back, palmately veined. Monoecious. Male pedicels slender, puberulent; Bracts green, slightly ciliate; Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, white pilose; Corolla yellow, lobes pilose; Stamens free. Female flowers solitary, pedicels puberulent; The ovary is spindle-shaped and the stigma is enlarged. The fruit is spindle-shaped or cylindrical, wrinkled and orange-yellow when ripe. The seeds are oblong and engraved on both sides. Flowering and fruiting period may 5- 10/0 month.
Bitter gourd is native to East India and widely cultivated in tropical to temperate regions of the world. China is widely cultivated in both north and south. Bitter gourd is sweet and bitter, mainly used as a vegetable, but also as a sugar stain; Mature pulp and aril are also edible.