Spelling: XIAOHUIXIANG

English name: Fennel Fruit of fennel

Source: the fruit of fennel, a dicotyledonous herb in Umbelliferae.

Efficacy: dispelling cold and relieving pain, warming kidney and reducing urine, regulating qi and stomach, and eliminating dampness and turbidity.

Main treatment: cold hernia, less abdominal cold pain, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, stomachache, vomiting, dry and wet beriberi.

Tropism of nature and taste: pungent and warm. ① The Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Bitter and bitter." ② Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty: "pungent, flat and non-toxic." 3 "Herbal Classics": "It tastes Xin Ping, sweet and non-toxic." ④ Jiangxi Herbs: "Warm in nature and pungent in taste."

Into the kidney, bladder and stomach. (1) "Herbal Decoction": "Start with foot-yin deficiency and sun meridian." (2) Explanation of the nature of Leigong's processed drugs: "Entering the heart, spleen and bladder." (3) Shushu of Materia Medica: "Entering the Taiyin, Yangming, Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians."

Administration and dosage: oral administration: decoction,1~ 3 RMB; Or into the pill, scattered. External use: grinding, dressing or frying and ironing.

Avoid medication: those with yin deficiency and excessive fire should take it with caution. ① "Herbal Classics": "The stomach and kidneys are full of fire, and the yang channels are numerous. If you get hot, you will vomit. Don't take it." (2) "Despei Materia Medica": "It is forbidden to have heat in the lungs and stomach and heat toxicity."

Drug compatibility: with Psoralea corylifolia, the effect of warming kidney and dispelling cold is enhanced. With fenugreek, the effect of warming kidney and dispelling cold is strengthened and it has analgesic effect. With morning glory, it can dispel cold and reduce swelling, relieve pain and treat hernia. With Fructus Toosendan, one is cold and one is hot, and the cold is clear and warm, which has a strong analgesic effect. With almonds, it can not only reduce adverse reactions and dispel cold, but also warm the middle warmer to relieve pain, which is warm but not dry.

Other names: Fenxiang (Theory of Medicinal Properties), Foeniculum vulgare (Thousand Golden Formulas), Foeniculum vulgare (Illustration of Materia Medica), Foeniculum vulgare (Lvyanyan Materia Medica), Fennel (Zhu's Prescription for Experiencing Medicine), Foeniculum vulgare, and Guxiang (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine).

Prescription name: fennel, fennel, fennel, fennel fried, fennel fried with salt, fennel fried with salt. Have the function of inducing drugs to descend)

Trade name: fennel, fennel, fennel, especially those with big and full grains, yellow-green color and strong aroma.

Medicinal parts: the roots (fennel roots) and stems and leaves (fennel stems and leaves) of this plant are also used for medicine, and each is detailed in a special article.

Distribution of animal and plant resources: widely cultivated in all parts of China. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in Shanxi, Gansu, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. In addition, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi are also produced.

Collection and storage of medicinal materials: when the fruit is ripe in September ~1October, cut the whole plant, dry it, lay the fruit, remove impurities and dry it.

Latin name: Foeniculum Fructus Foeniculi, the original plant of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Processing method: fennel: winnow off ash and remove fruit stalks and impurities. Salted fennel: Take clean fennel, stir-fry it with slow fire until the surface is dark yellow and has a burnt smell, spray it with salt water while hot, and bake it dry. One method: mix fennel with salt water, slightly stuffy, stir-fry in a pot with slow fire until yellowish, take it out and dry it. (Every fennel 100 kg, use 3 kg of salt, add appropriate amount of boiling water to melt and clarify)

Test: ① Tao Hongjing: "Boil bad meat less (fennel), that is, there is no odor. The smelly sauce is fragrant at the end of (fennel), so it is called fennel. " (2) Tang Herbal Medicine: "(Fennel) leaves are like old coriander, extremely thin, with thick stems, five or six feet high and clustered." (3) The Classic of Materia Medica: "Fennel, which is not contained in the Classic, is found in today's diplomatic relations, widely spread in various places and in the nearby counties. Medicine is often used by people from exotic ships, or the clouds are not as powerful as those near. Leaves born in March, like old coriander, are very thin and clumped, and are three or four feet high in May. Flowers are born in July, with heads like umbrellas, yellow, strong as wheat and small, and blue. Northerners call it fennel, and the sound of fennel and fennel is close to the clouds. In August and September, dry in the shade. There are many kinds of gardens in the neighborhood today. " ④ "Materia Medica": "Fennel seeds are called fennel today, and Tang Ben's notes are like old coriander. This is a mistake. Coriander leaves are like snake beds, and coriander incense has the name of leaves, but it is scattered like silk hair and unique to various grasses." ⑤ "Compendium": "Fennel has deep perennial roots, grows seedlings in winter, works as clumps, and has rich stems and leaves. In May and June, it blooms like a snake bed flower and is yellow in color, and its fruit is as big as a wheat grain, light and thin, which is commonly called anise. Today, Ningxia is the first, and others are called fennel. The imported fennel is as big as cypress, split into eight petals, one petal and one nucleus, as big as beans, yellow-brown, benevolent, sweeter in taste, and commonly called fennel, also known as star anise, which is quite different from China fennel in shape and color, but has the same smell. Northerners have to chew and recommend wine. " "Fennel is flat, qi is appetizing, Xia Yue removes flies and stinks, and the food is appropriate; Anise is hot, eating too much hurts the eyes and causes sores, and the food should not be used too much. " ⑥ Long Textual Research on Plant Names and Facts: "When coriander bears seeds, it is very similar to fennel, and the shape of old coriander is not carefully studied in Yanyi, so as to repel Tang Ben's note, which is extremely wrong." ⑦ Materia Medica Justice: "Fennel first appeared in Tang Materia Medica. According to Su Song, it is as strong as wheat but small and blue, which has never been seen before. Su also said that people who use medicine for many purposes are the so-called star anise in today's market. However, the star anise is very passionate and warm, and its sex is the strongest. According to the "Compendium" near the lake, its smell is Xin Ping, and it must be an imported star anise. Therefore, Li also said that the fruit is as big as wheat, light and thin, and it is commonly called anise. ..... Accordingly, all the indications of the ancient books cited in the Compendium are like fennel in wheat. Tang Herbal Medicine, Ma Zhi, Daming, Dongyuan and Wu Slow Dang all refer to Ningxia products. However, Elvis Lee's various parties, those who explicitly say that anise and fennel are imported, are imported. According to the star anise in our company, that is, the imported star anise, cooking chicken, duck, meat and all kinds of birds and animals can make people smell foul, so it is not commonly used as medicine. "

Identification of raw medicinal materials: the dried fruit is small cylindrical, slightly pointed at both ends, 5 ~ 8 mm long and about 2 mm wide. The base sometimes has a small fruit stalk, and the top remains a yellowish brown style base. Appearance is yellow-green. The schizocarp is oblong, with five ridges, a pentagonal cross section, the four sides of the back are about the same length, and the joint surface is flat. There are seeds 1 grain in the fruit, and the cross section is slightly kidney-shaped. The breath is fragrant and the taste is sweet and slightly pungent. With uniform particles. Full. Yellow-green, fragrant and sweet is preferred. The shape of dill seed is very similar to that of this product, and dill seed is used as fennel in some areas such as Gansu and Guangxi. "Compendium" is also called dill seed alias fennel. It can be seen that dill seed has been used as fennel for a long time, but the names of the two should not be confused. The main differences of its medicinal materials are as follows: dill seed is small and round, and the schizocarp is oval, flat, 3 ~ 4 mm long and 2 ~ 3 mm in diameter; The four sides on the back of the cross section are unequal in length, and the two sides extend into wings. The smell is weak. See the article "dill seeds". Microscopic identification: cross section of mericarpy: epicarp is 1 row of tangentially elongated flat small epidermal cells; The outer stratum corneum. The mesocarp is a series of parenchyma cells; There are 6 oil tubes, including 2 joint surfaces and every 2 fruit ridges on the back 1 tube. The oil tubes are slightly oval or semi-circular, tangential to about 250μm, and there are many reddish-brown flat secretory cells around them. The vascular bundle column is located at the fruit edge and connected with two collateral vascular bundle and fiber bundles. The xylem is a few small vessels, the phloem is located at both sides of the bundle column, and there are many large lignified reticulated cells inside and outside the vascular bundle column. Endocarp is 1 row of flat cells with different lengths. The seed coat is 1 row of oblate cells, containing brown matter, and there are rows of cells in the center of the joint surface, with fine seed ridge bundles. Endosperm cells are polygonal, containing most fine aleurone grains, including fine cluster crystals; And a small amount of fatty oil. Powder: yellow brown. ① The surface of epicarp epidermal cells is polygonal or square-like, with a slightly thicker wall. Stomatal infinitive, 4 accessory guard cells. ② Reticular cells are rectangular or oblong, with slightly thicker walls; Micro-lignified, with oval or rectangular reticular pits. ③ The fragments of tubing wall are yellow-brown or dark reddish-brown, and the intact ones are as wide as 250μm, with polygonal secretory cell marks. ④ The surface of the cells in the endocarp mosaic layer is long and narrow, and the wall is thin, with a constant number of cells as a group, which are embedded in irregular directions with their long axes. In addition, there are endosperm cells, calcium oxalate clusters, wood parenchyma cells and so on. This product is better with full grain, yellow-green color and strong aroma.

Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: the fruit contains about 3-6% volatile oil, and the main components are acomhole 50-60% and fenchone18-20%. It also contains: a-Pinene, a-Phellandrene, Camphene, Dipentene, Anisealdehyde, Anisic acid and Estragole. It also contains cis-anisole (cis-Acomhole) and p-Cy-mlene. In addition, the fatty oil is about18%, and in its fatty acid composition, coriander acid accounts for 60%, oleic acid 22%, linoleic acid 14% and palmitic acid 4%. It also contains wax, Stigmasterol, 7-Hydroxycoumarin, etc., which is made of alcohol and palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, etc. with a ratio greater than C 18. The fruit of Bitter variety contains anisole 60% and anisone 30%. However, Sweet variety contains anisole 80% and anisone10%. Some fennel does not contain anisole but contains wormwood. Fruit contains volatile oil, 6.2% in mature fruit and 8.6% in immature fruit. The oil contains 50% ~ 60% of trans-acomhole, 8% ~ 20% of d- fenchone/kloc-0, and about 10% of methyl piperenol. Anisaldehyde, α-pinene, dipentene, camphene, limonene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, α-phellandene, P. In addition, the fruit still contains fatty oil12% ~18%, and the oil contains petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and so on. In addition, the fruit contains quercetin, phytosterol-β-fructofuranoside, 7- hydroxycoumarin, 6, 7- dihydroxy coumarin, oleanolic acid, sitosterol, stigmasterol, △7- stigmasterol, campesterol, △7- campesterol, △5- oat sterol (△ 5-Avenosterol), campesterol.

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: take 2g of crude powder of this product, add 6ml of ether, soak it in cold for 4 hours, filter it, concentrate the filtrate to a small volume, spot it on filter paper, and drop 2 ~ 3 drops of 0.4%2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine 2mol/L hydrochloric acid test solution after drying, and the spots appear orange.