Chili pepper for the Solanaceae pepper genus annual or limited perennial herbaceous plants, the fruit is usually conical or oblong, green when immature, ripe into bright red, green or purple, red is the most common, chili pepper fruits due to the rind contains capsaicinoids and has a spicy flavor, can enhance appetite, is the daily life of one of the most common vegetables or condiments, the following I'd like to introduce you to the A little bit of chili pepper planting technology it!
Pepper growth habit
Pepper fertility at the beginning of the germination period, germination after sowing seeds generally about 5-8 days out of the ground, 15 days or so, the first true leaves, to the buds show for the seedling period. The first flower spike to the door pepper sitting main for the flowering period. The fruiting period is the fruiting period from the time of fruiting to the time of pulling out seedlings. The suitable temperature for chili peppers is between 15-34 degrees. Seed germination at a suitable temperature of 25-30 degrees, germination takes 5-7 days, lower than 15 degrees or higher than 35 degrees when the seed does not germinate.
Chili peppers in the seedling stage requires high temperatures, 25-30 degrees during the day, 15-18 degrees at night is best, seedlings do not tolerate low temperatures, pay attention to the cold. Chili pepper will cause flower and fruit drop if it is at 35 degrees.
Peppers on the conditions of water requirements are strict, it is not drought-resistant nor flood-resistant. Prefers drier air conditions.
Pepper planting techniques
1, cultivation conditions
Pepper temperature requirements between yarrow and eggplant. Seed germination temperature for 23-30 ℃, below 15 ℃ can not germinate. Pepper seedlings require higher temperatures, low temperature, slow growth. Flowering and fruiting of the early daytime temperature of 20-25 ℃, 15-20 ℃ at night, the results of the period of soil temperature is too high, especially strong direct light on the ground, the root growth is not favorable, and easy to cause toxin disease and sun burn disease.
2, land base fertilizer
Pepper taboo crop, and can not be with eggplant, tomato, potato, tobacco and other crops in the same family. Cultivation of pepper plots, to be well-drained, easy drainage and irrigation, and requires deep plowing. It is best to do winter plowing, recreational freezing soil, in order to improve the soil, eliminate overwintering pests and disease spores.
Before planting and then rectify the ground, the topsoil is still maintaining a larger soil it, in order to breathe and cool water, to prevent the fall of flowers, fall camp and leaf fall has a good effect. Changsha vegetable farmers on the planting of chili pepper ground requirements are deep ditch high border, broken old bottom, soil flat it big, water flow. The width of the border is usually 1.3-1.7 meters (with ditch), planting 2-3 rows. There are also wide beds of 2.3-2.7 meters, planted horizontally on the beds. At the same time as the border, each mu of rotting stable fertilizer 50-80 quintals, 15 kg of calcium superphosphate, 25 kg of grass ash as base fertilizer.
3, sowing seedlings
① seedbed selection: seedbed to choose the back of the north to the south, high and dry water, but also convenient water sources, and has not been planted tomato crop plots.
② seedbed preparation: seedbed is best in the ambrosia on the deep dug baked soil, above a layer of human and animal manure, after drying, covered with film, to prevent the loss of fertilizer when it rains.
③ sowing: before sowing, the bed soil is fully watered, fine leveling. Seedbed width is generally 1.5-1.7 meters is appropriate. Generally do not soak the seed germination. Early maturing species are generally sown in January, late maturing species are generally sown in 2?March, planting an acre of seeds to be sown 75-120 grams. After sowing, mixed with old chaff ash or coal ash fine soil cover seeds, thickness of about 2 cm or so, in order to cover no seeds to the degree. Then watering, to be collected after the water, covered with mulch, and finally with fine bamboo poles or bamboo pieces surrounded by small pieces of arches, frame height of about 0.5 meters, covered with film, the film will be the north side of the soil compaction, in order to facilitate wind protection. Both sides of the brick pressure is good, in order to uncover the film at any time, ventilation.
④ seedbed management: after sowing to the seedling, generally do not need to manage, found that the beginning of the seedling, to immediately remove the film, otherwise the formation of high-footed seedlings. After the emergence of seedlings, sunny days at 9:00 a.m. to uncover the film, 4:00 p.m. still cover the film. Try to ventilate on cloudy and rainy days. If you find that the bed soil is white and the seedlings are shriveled, you need to water, and the watering time must be at 9:00 a.m. 1-2:00 a.m.. Two hours after watering, check again, if you find that the localization is still dry, then replenish the water, so that the seedlings grow consistently. Rainy and freezing days should not be watered, otherwise, due to excessive humidity, the bed temperature is lowered, prone to disease. Snowy weather, you can cover the grass window, grass window above a layer of film, but also in the bed to install electric lights, in order to protect seedlings from the cold.
⑤ row seedling: in order to make seedlings strong, developed root system, when seedlings appear two true leaves, need to fake planting once, plant spacing 6-10cm, row spacing 12-15cm, row side watering, to prevent seedlings from shriveling, row seedbed preparation, requirements and management are similar to the sowing bed.
4, planting method
Pepper planting to soil temperature of 15 ℃ or more appropriate, too early planting, due to low soil temperature, slow growth, and blossom, not to achieve the purpose of early maturity. Planting distance, early varieties of row spacing 40 a 50 cm, plant spacing 26?33 cm, l a 2 plants per hole, late varieties of row spacing 66?73 cm, plant spacing 50?60 cm, 1 plant per hole. Choose the afternoon of a sunny day planting, the morning of the day the seedbed needs to be watered, in order to facilitate the pulling of seedlings.
5, field management
① Plowing and weeding: after the planting of the survival, timely shallow plowing once. The plant began to grow, focusing on plowing once. Before the plant closes the rows, and then plowing once. The center of the plow is combined with weeding and soil cultivation.
② Fertilizer management: after planting to grab a sunny day to apply seedling fertilizer, each time the dosage can not be too much or too thick, otherwise it is easy to cause growth, delayed flowering and fruiting. When waiting for the first and second layer of fruiting, to apply more fertilizer, to promote fruit growth. After the fruit began to pick, the soil is more required to have sufficient fertilizer, the plant can grow and fruit normally. If the soil is not dry before watering followed by heavy rain, leaf drop and dead plant phenomenon will be quite common, especially in the undulation to the fall of this period of time is most prominent. Therefore, when irrigating, be sure to decide when to irrigate based on the weather forecast. The depth of irrigation to no more than three-quarters of the border furrow is appropriate, and should be carried out in the evening or early morning, and urgent irrigation and drainage.
③ Harvesting and saving seeds: as fresh food, most of the green fruits are harvested, and red fruits can also be harvested. And as a dry chili, it must be harvested red ripe fruit, harvesting should be timely, otherwise it affects the growth of the plant and the results.
The method of seed saving and harvesting plant selection combined with fruit selection, that is, in the field according to the characteristics of the varieties to choose a standard plant labeled with a sign, as a seed saving plant. The first layer of fruit harvested early to market, leaving 2?4 layers of fruit as seed fruit, seed fruit red ripe after harvest, further selection of fruit with the characteristics of the variety, picking the seed fruit spread in the shade, after ripening 5?7 days, dissected and removed the seeds, drying and storage.
Pepper planting management
Pepper like temperature, like water, like fertilizer, but high temperature is easy to get sick, water logging is easy to die seedlings, fertilizer is easy to burn roots. Different stages throughout the reproductive period have different management requirements, planting before harvest to promote the root, promote seedling, the beginning of the harvest to the fruit to promote seedling, attack fruit, into the high temperature season to protect the root of the seedling, to prevent the failure of seedling and dead seedling, the results of the late stage to continue to strengthen the management of the increase in yield and increase in income.
1, pre-harvest management
This period of low ground temperature, root system is weak, should be big to promote small control. That is, light watering, early fertilizer, hard plowing, small squatting, slow water light watering, can be combined with a little manure water, watering timely plowing, warmth and moisture, promote rooting, squatting should not be too long, about 10 days or so, can be a small watering small squatting, regulating the relationship between root and seedling. Squatting after the end of the timely watering, fertilizer, improve early yield, fertilizer to nitrogen-based fertilizer, and with the application of some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, to promote strong seedlings, to prevent blossom, timely removal of the first flower below the main stem on the lateral branches.
2, the beginning of the harvest period to the fruit of the management
This stage of the temperature is gradually rising, rainfall gradually increased, pests and diseases are occurring one after another, is to determine the yield of the key period. In order to prevent early decline, should be harvested in advance of the door pepper, timely watering, often maintain soil moisture, promote seedling attack fruit, and strive to seal in the high temperature season. Into the fruiting season, before sealing the ridge should be cultivated to protect the roots, and combined with cultivation of soil fertilizer.
3, high-temperature season and its subsequent management
High-temperature rainy season is easy to induce virus disease, serious flower and fruit drop, sometimes a lot of leaf drop. Therefore, high-temperature and dry years must be irrigation in the head of the dry period, not irrigation in the end of the dry period, always keep the soil moist, inhibit the occurrence and development of virus disease. Apply a small amount of fertilizer after the rain to protect seedlings, but also timely irrigation, to prevent drought after the rainy season and the formation of virus disease peak. Irrigation should be done in the morning and evening during the hot season. Spraying 800-1000 times of Chlorophylin 3-4 times during the blooming period has a good effect of preserving flowers and increasing yields.
4, shrinking fruit late management
After the high temperature rainy season, the temperature turns cooler, green pepper plants return to normal growth, must strengthen the management, to promote the formation of the second fruiting season, increase the late yield, should be timely watering, and combined with the watering application of fast-acting fertilizer, supplement the soil nutrients of the shortage.
Management attention points
1, spring chili pepper seedling age in about 110 days, some can reach more than 150 days, in the northern region, usually in mid-April, late May to planting. Chili itself is high-yielding and stable, but the phenomenon of yield reduction in some places is due to the degradation of varieties. Disease resistance is poor, caused by serious diseases, planting plots should be selected in recent years without planting tomato vegetables and cucumber, yellow tobacco spring white land. Plots that have just harvested overwintered spinach are also not good. About 7 days before planting, apply 5000 kg of soil fertilizer per mu, 75 kg of calcium superphosphate, 30 kg of bicarbonate of ammonia as basal fertilizer, according to the 70 cm row spacing ditching, leveling, ridging, mulching and waiting for planting. Planting can be 30 centimeters apart, two adjacent rows of staggered open seedlings, each hole planted a tree. 2500-3000 holes per 667 square meters.
2, after planting to the fruiting period is the pre-fruit pepper field management, management to promote the root, promote seedling, promote the development of trees. The second time to pay attention to watering and plowing, 15 days after planting 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer, urea 5 kg, and combined with plowing cultivation high 10-13 centimeters to protect the root system to prevent collapse. The focus of management after entering the fruiting period is to strengthen seedlings and promote fruit. To remove the door pepper in a timely manner, to prevent the fruit fall caused by the decline in growth. Combined with watering and fertilization, every 667 square meters of phosphate fertilizer 20 kg, urea 5 kg, and again on the roots of the soil. Pay attention to drainage and flood prevention. To combine the spraying of foliar fertilizer and hormones to supplement nutrients and prevent viruses.
3, chili pepper growing period sensitive to a variety of herbicides, especially 2,4d emulsion, spraying pesticides improperly will produce serious drug damage to pepper.