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I. Breeding facilities
Suitable pond area is 4 ~ 10 mu, depth is 1 ~ 1.5m, and slope ratio is 1: 2.5. The bottom of the pond is flat, loam is the best substrate, the slope soil of the pond is hard, the water retention of the pond is good, and the water level is easy to control. Rich in water and pollution-free. According to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, drainage channels are built to ensure that irrigation can enter and exit. Crayfish have a strong ability to escape, so it is necessary to build anti-escape facilities. Usually, the pond ridge is surrounded by plastic film or calcium-plastic board and supported by bamboo piles or wooden stakes to prevent escape.
Second, the preparation before stocking
1. Clean and disinfect the pond thoroughly. 20 ~ 30 days before the shrimp seedlings are released, drain the pond water, remove excess silt, repair the pond ridge, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the pond with 75 kilograms of quicklime or bleaching powder, bleaching powder essence and other drugs per mu.
2. Apply enough base fertilizer and 500-600 kilograms of decomposed livestock manure per mu to cultivate rotifers, cladocera and copepods plankton, and provide delicious bait for shrimp seedlings and species.
3. Aquatic plants such as black algae, POTAMOGETON malayi and Elodea malayi are planted in the aquatic plant pond, accounting for 2/3 of the shrimp pond area. At the same time, set up a net, or set up bamboo tubes, plastic pipes, etc. To provide a place for crayfish to inhabit, molt and hide.
Third, raise shrimp seedlings and shrimp species.
1. Various breeding modes can be adopted. (1) Summer stocking mode. The first batch of young shrimps hatched in that year were mainly stocked, and the stocking time was in the middle and late July, and the size of young shrimps was above 0.8 cm. Stocking 30,000 to 40,000 tails per mu. (2) Autumn stocking mode. The large-scale shrimp fry or shrimp species cultured in that year are mainly stocked, and the stocking time is from mid-August to September. If the size of shrimp seedlings is about 1.2cm, 25,000 ~ 30,000 shrimps will be stocked per mu; Shrimp species with a size of 2.5 ~ 3 cm are stocked1.50,000 ~ 20,000 per mu. A few can meet the market specifications by the end of the year, and most of them will be caught and listed in June-July of the following year. Commercial shrimp weighs only 25 grams and yields 300-500 kilograms per mu. (3) Winter and spring stocking mode. Generally, the goods are stocked in February or March-April of the following year after 65438+. The shrimp that did not meet the market specifications in that year were mainly stocked, with specifications of 0/00 ~ 200 per kilogram and 0/5000 ~ 20000 per acre. After breeding in winter and spring, it will be listed in June and July. Commercial shrimp can weigh up to 30 grams and yield 400-500 kilograms per mu.
2. Seed quality The requirements for shrimp seedling quality are: (1) the specifications are neat. The size of young shrimp is more than 0.8 cm, and the size of shrimp species is about 3 cm. The specifications and varieties of shrimps stocked in the same pond should be consistent, and all of them should be stocked at one time. (2) strong physique, complete appendages, no disease or injury, and strong vitality. (3) artificially cultivating shrimp seedlings and shrimp species. If it is a wild shrimp species, it should be domesticated for a period of time before stocking, so as to avoid fighting and killing each other.
3. Precautions: (1) Stocking should be carried out in sunny mornings in winter, and in sunny mornings or rainy days in summer and autumn to avoid sun exposure. (2) Wash shrimp 10 minute with 3% ~ 5% saline water before stocking to kill parasites and pathogenic bacteria. (3) Shrimp species purchased from other places should be treated slightly before stocking because they have not been watered for a long time. Soak shrimp seeds in the pool water for 1 min, lift them for 2-3 minutes, then soak them for 1 min, and repeat this for 2-3 times, so that the surface and gill cavity of shrimp seeds can absorb enough water before stocking, and the survival rate can be improved. (4) In the pond where crayfish are cultured, some silver carp and bighead carp are mixed appropriately to improve the water quality and make full use of the bait resources.
Fourth, scientific feeding.
Crawfish are omnivorous and gluttonous. Feed feeding, grasp the following three points.
1, according to the nutritional requirements of crayfish at the same growth stage, do a good job of feed combination and feeding. In the larval and larval stages, crayfish feed on rotifers, cladocera, copepods and aquatic insects larvae, while in the adult stage, they eat both animal feed and plant feed. After releasing shrimp seedlings and shrimp seeds, timely fertilization should be carried out to improve water quality. During the rapid growth period of 8- 10 crayfish, bran, bean cake and green feed should be fed, and animal feed should be fed appropriately. During11~ 65438+February, crayfish were mainly fed with animal feed.
2. Feed crayfish according to their living habits and feeding characteristics. Crayfish Crayfish mostly hunt for food at night and have the habit of competing for food and gluttony. Feed is fed once a day in the morning and afternoon, mainly once in the afternoon, accounting for 70% of the whole day's feed; Adopt the method of feeding at fixed quality, fixed quantity and fixed time, and feed them sufficiently and evenly to ensure that every shrimp is full and avoid competing for food.
3. Feed prawns reasonably according to the weather, water quality changes and the feeding situation of prawn activities. The suitable water temperature for crayfish growth is 20 ~ 32℃. From August to1October, the feeding amount of crayfish is relatively large, and the daily feeding amount can be arranged according to 6% ~ 10% of the shrimp weight in the pond, and the whole dry material or batch is 2% ~ 4%, which can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the weather, water quality and shrimp foraging situation. Continuous rainy weather or water quality is too strong, you can feed less, and feed more when the weather is good; Feed less shrimp when molting, and feed more after molting; Shrimp should be fed less during the onset season and more during normal growth. Let shrimp eat well, reduce waste and improve feed utilization.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) daily management
1. Establish patrol pool inspection system. Patrol the swimming pool every day, and take countermeasures in time if any abnormality is found.
2. Control water quality. Keep the dissolved oxygen in the shrimp pond above 5g/L, the pH value is 7 ~ 8.5, and the transparency is about 40cm. /kloc-change the water every 0/5 ~ 20 days,13. Sprinkle quicklime water every 20 days, and use quicklime 10 kg per mu. Keep the water level stable and don't go up and down.
3. Strengthen the management of habitat molting sites. There are always many aquatic plants in the shrimp pond. It is forbidden to disturb a large number of shrimps when molting, and feed high-quality palatable feed immediately after molting to prevent cannibalism and promote growth.
4. Prevent escape and disease. Strengthen inspections in flood season to prevent shrimps from escaping. Do a good job in disease prevention and enemy elimination.
Six, commercial shrimp fishing and transportation
1, fishing. Fishing can be concentrated in June-July and11~ 65438+February. Use tools such as cage net and hand-copied net to capture first, and then capture in the dry pool. You can also catch the big ones and let the small ones go. There are fish all year round.
2. transportation. Commercial shrimps are usually transported in styrofoam boxes, plastic bags or refrigerated trucks. Keep the shrimp moist during transportation, do not squeeze, and improve the survival rate of transportation.