Bronchitis refers to chronic nonspecific inflammation of trachea, bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues. The main cause of bronchitis is chronic nonspecific inflammation of bronchus caused by repeated infection of virus and bacteria. The temperature drops, the small blood vessels in the respiratory tract are spasmodic and ischemic, and the defense function decreases, which is conducive to disease; Chronic irritation such as smoke and dust and air pollution. Can also happen; Smoking makes bronchospasm, mucosal variation, ciliary movement decrease and mucus secretion increase, which is beneficial to infection; Allergic factors also have a certain relationship.
Treatment:
1. Patients with systemic symptoms should pay attention to rest and keep warm.
The purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and improve body function. Patients often need fluids and antipyretics. Cough suppressants can be used appropriately. When the amount of phlegm is large or sticky, expectorants can be used.
2. Patients with acute bronchitis
Antibacterials have no obvious therapeutic effect, so abuse of antibiotics should be avoided in the treatment of patients with acute bronchitis. However, if the patient has fever, purulent sputum and severe cough, it is an indication to use antibacterial drugs. Patients with acute bronchitis can be treated with antibacterial drugs, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin. During the influenza epidemic, if there is acute bronchitis, anti-influenza treatment measures should be applied.
3. Treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis
The control of infection depends on the main pathogenic bacteria and the severity of infection or the selection of antibacterial drugs according to the drug sensitivity results of pathogenic bacteria. If the patient has purulent sputum, it is an indication to use antibacterial drugs. Light can be taken orally, and severe can be intramuscular injection or intravenous drip of antibiotics. Commonly used are penicillin G, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, quinolones and cephalosporins.
Patients with acute attack should be treated with expectorant and antitussive drugs to improve their symptoms. Commonly used drugs are ammonium chloride mixture, bromhexine, ambroxol, carboxymethyl cysteine and strong dilute mucin. Chinese patent medicine also has a certain effect on relieving cough. For the elderly who are too weak to expectorate or have a large amount of sputum, they should assist in expectoration and dredge the respiratory tract. The application of antitussive drugs should be avoided, so as not to inhibit the central nervous system, aggravate respiratory obstruction and produce complications.
Spasmodic and antiasthmatic drugs are usually taken orally with aminophylline and terbutaline, or inhaled with short-acting bronchodilators such as salbutamol. If airflow restriction persists, lung function test is needed. If COPD is diagnosed, long-acting bronchodilator inhalation or glucocorticoid plus long-acting bronchodilator inhalation should be used when necessary.
Atomization therapy Atomization inhalation can dilute the secretions in trachea, which is beneficial to expectoration. If the sputum is sticky and difficult to cough up, atomized inhalation is helpful.
4. Treatment of chronic bronchitis in stable period
Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of colds: colds can make patients in remission relapse. For a long time (at least 1 year), it is very important to prevent and treat colds regularly. You can use flu vaccine or take Chinese herbal medicine to prevent colds.