Methods of artificial cultivation of Cordyceps militaris Morphological characteristics of Cordyceps militaris;
Cordyceps militaris is 5~8 cm long, golden yellow and orange. It is also called Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps militaris. It is a valuable medicinal fungus, and belongs to the genus Cordyceps, a fungus family in Qinghai, and has similar medicinal and nourishing effects. Studies on the species that have become induced Cordyceps fruiting bodies at home and abroad show that the edible and medicinal value of Cordyceps militaris can be comparable to that of traditional Cordyceps sinensis, and the content of cordycepin in artificially cultured Cordyceps militaris is dozens of times higher than that of traditional Cordyceps sinensis. Modern medical research has proved that Cordyceps contains nutrients such as cordycepin, cordycepic acid and various amino acids, and has the effects of nourishing lung and kidney, stopping bleeding and resolving phlegm, dilating trachea, calming, resisting various bacteria and lowering blood pressure.
Identification of Cordyceps militaris: firstly, it is better to put it in a rod shape with many microspores; secondly, after soaking Cordyceps militaris in water at the same amount, the color is golden and dark, which is a good product.
There are many profit models for artificially cultivating Cordyceps militaris. At present, the cultivation of Cordyceps militaris can be divided into three ways:
1, adopting millet culture medium to cultivate the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris;
Secondly, cultivating the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (Cordyceps militaris) by adopting a wheat culture medium;
3. Are silkworms and grass, and pupae and grass cultivated with dried fresh silkworms and pupae integrated? Cordyceps sinensis?
Raw material requirements
1, choose fresh mouldy, pollution-free rice or broken corn. Now most Cordyceps producers in Northeast China use wheat as the culture medium, which not only has ideal yield, but also has good color of Cordyceps.
2. The thickness is more than 0.05mm, and the specification is15cm? 30 cm or 17 cm? 30 cm, uniform thickness, no leakage and strong toughness of high-quality polypropylene plastic bags are used as cultivation containers, and some are cultivated in cans or plastic pots.
3. In order to prevent pollution loss, a special antifouling agent for Cordyceps sinensis, such as a special special antifouling agent for edible fungi, which integrates nutrition, antifouling and promoting effects, can be selected. If it is an export product, it should not be added.
Cultivate the environment
There are boundaries of optimum temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature in different growth and development stages of Cordyceps sinensis. The mycelium growth temperature is 6℃? At 30℃, it rarely grows below 6℃, and stops growing above 30℃, or even dies. The optimum growth temperature is 18℃? 22℃; The growth temperature of fruiting body is 10℃? 25℃, the optimum production temperature is 20℃? 23℃。 Primordial differentiation requires a large temperature difference stimulation, which should generally be kept at 5℃? 10℃ temperature difference.
Water is an important part of Cordyceps militaris cells. In the mycelium growth stage, the water content of the culture medium is kept at 60%? 65%, and the relative humidity of the air is kept at 60%? 70%; In the growth stage of fruiting body, the water content of culture medium should reach 65%? 70%, and the relative humidity of the air is kept at 80%? 90%。 It is necessary to pay attention to the timely replenishment of cordyceps militaris and nutrient solution.
Cultivation techniques of Cordyceps militaris I. Requirements of raw materials
1, it is the key to successful and efficient cultivation to select fast-growing high-yield and high-quality strains with white mycelium, strong adaptability, color change after seeing light, fast grass emergence and stable characters. Beginners should buy solid seeds with a large number of strains, and those with cultivation experience can buy inclined test-tube seeds or liquid seeds.
2, choose fresh mildew-free, pollution-free rice or broken corn.
3. The thickness is more than 0.05mm, and the specification is15cm? 30 cm or 17 cm? 30 cm, high-quality polypropylene plastic bag with uniform thickness, no leakage and strong toughness is used as cultivation container.
4. In order to prevent pollution loss, a special antifouling agent for Cordyceps sinensis, such as a special special antifouling agent for edible fungi, which integrates nutrition, antifouling and promoting effects, can be selected.
Second, the cultivation method
1, medium formula: rice 1 kg, 35g of anti-fouling agent special for Cordyceps sinensis, and water1.5kg..
2. Preparation method: 50 grams of rice per bag or 100 grams are put into plastic bags. Pour 1.5 liter of hot water at 50℃ into a clean basin, put the special antifouling agent for Cordyceps into the hot water, and stir until it is completely dissolved to obtain the nutrient solution. According to the ratio of material to water (i.e. the ratio of rice to nutrient solution) 1 g: 1.5 ml, the nutrient solution is weighed and poured into a plastic bag filled with rice. After subpackaging, tie the middle and mouth of each plastic bag with plastic rope.
3. Sterilization: add a proper amount of water into the sterilization pot, put the culture bag into the sterilization pot, raise the temperature to 100℃, and keep it at 1 hour. Take it out, cool it and move it into the inoculation room. After sealed disinfection with high-quality aerosol disinfectant or conventional method for 30 minutes, you can wear sterilized clothes and enter the inoculation room for inoculation.
4. Inoculation: Close the door quickly when entering the inoculation room (to prevent air containing miscellaneous bacteria from entering). Inoculation tools, outer walls of strains, hands of operators, etc. shall be wiped or dipped in 75% alcohol for disinfection. This paper introduces an easy-to-popularize inoculation method with solid rice strains:
(1) Transfer and expansion cultivation of original seed in test tube: after the test tube plug is removed, 2-3 pieces of bean-grain-sized strains are dug with sterilized inoculation hooks, inoculated on the culture medium surface, and the bag mouth is slightly tightened. (2) When the original seeds are used to expand the cultivation bags, the strains are first pounded into blocks the size of fingers or beans, and 5 5- 10/0g strains are inoculated into each bag and evenly distributed on the material surface. If conditions permit, the inoculation amount can be appropriately increased to facilitate the rapid growth of hyphae. After inoculation, the bag mouth is slightly fastened according to the original method of tying the mouth, and then it can be moved into a sterilization and insect-proof culture room for culture.
5. Culture: Cordyceps militaris is a medium-low temperature fungus, with the mycelium growth temperature ranging from 5-30℃, the optimum growth temperature of mycelium being 15-25℃, and the optimum growth temperature of stroma being 18-22℃. Initially, the temperature was kept at 15- 18℃ for shading culture. When the mycelium grows to the medium 1/2-2/3, the temperature can be raised to 20℃, and the mycelium can be full of bags in 20 days. A few days later, when hyphae appeared in the upper part of the culture medium, the temperature difference of 10- 15℃ was given, and the light was increased to stimulate the color change. 7- 10 day after the color change, disinfect the culture room for 30 minutes, then untie the rope in the middle of the culture bag, and fold the bag into a straight tube by hand to provide space for the growth of the sub-seat. When the sub-seat reaches 1 cm, ventilate the cultivation bag in time, keep the temperature at 18-22℃ and the relative humidity of the air at 80-90%.
6. Harvesting: When the submount is orange or orange rod-shaped and no longer grows, open the bag mouth and pick it from the base with a knife or scissors, and put it into a clean appliance to dry or dry it in time, so as not to be exposed to the sun to avoid fading. Store in sealed plastic bags or sell after drying.
?